tania的考试复习计划贴：谢谢大家的帮助和支持！！M51,V41,760!

v22

以下是引用tania在2005-8-28 21:40:00的发言：

阅读9－12那篇也有一个问题，网上至今也没定论：

    Behavior science courses should

       be gaining prominence in business

       school curricula.  Recent theoretical

Line       work convincingly shows why behav-

  (5)      ioral factors such as organizational

culture and employee relations are

among the few remaining sources of

sustainable competitive advantage in

modern organizations.  Furthermore,

(10)      empirical evidence demonstrates

clear linkages between human

resource (HR) practices based in

the behavioral sciences and various

aspects of a firm’s financial success.

(15)      Additionally, some of the world’s most

successful organizations have made

unique HR practices a core element

of their overall business strategies.

      Yet the behavior sciences

(20)      are struggling for credibility in many

business schools.  Surveys show

that business students often regard

behavioral studies as peripheral to

       the mainstream business curriculum.

(25)      This perception can be explained by

the fact that business students, hoping

to increase their attractiveness to

prospective employers, are highly

sensitive to business norms and

(30)      practices, and current business

practices have generally been

moving away from an emphasis on

       understanding human behavior and

toward more mechanistic organiza-

(35)      tional models.  Furthermore, the

       status of HR professionals within

organizations tends to be lower

than that of other executives.

      Students’ perceptions would

(40)      matter less if business schools

were not increasingly dependent on

external funding—form legislatures,

businesses, and private foundations—

for survival.  Concerned with their

(45)      institutions’ ability to attract funding,

administrators are increasingly tar-

geting low-enrollment courses and

degree programs for elimination.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q9:

The primary purpose of the passage is to

              

1. propose a particular change to business school curricula
   
2. characterize students’ perceptions of business school curricula
   
3. predict the consequences of a particular change in business school curricula
   
4. challenge one explanation for the failure to adopt a particular change in business school curricula
   
5. identify factors that have affected the prestige of a particular field in business school curricula

我觉得这题还是应该选E，虽然讨论时大家告诉我选A。理由是第一段说的是Behavior science courses应该gain prominence，列出的是影响Behavior science courses的正面因素，第二段说的是Behavior science courses再商学院里收到怀疑，是负面因素，第三段是一个让步，是说如果学校不是因为。。。。的话就不会受到这些负面因素的影响。

综上，我觉得e选项是正确的

又看了一遍，现在同意E，快晕了，从E改到A，现在又改到E@_@~~~~~~

要问一下，题目问作者写这篇文章的目的和作者主要写了什么内容，这两者应该不一样吧？？

---这道偶支持E,理由:

1.看high light部分,第一句话,就说出某某在Behavior science courses应该有显著影响.然后,后面我弄了颜色的部分,都是说到factors,如何如何对Behavior science courses的作用等等.

2.而A,propose a particular change to business school curricula ,我看不出是propose a change,因为文章用了很多并没实现的字眼,如: hoping to...,tends to be...,would....,often....如果是propose a change的话,那么应该是成了事实才对,但是我看到有很多条件和信息都没得到实现.

给出的答案是啥?

面对沧海，一声笑

我也要开始GWD了

tania

      Although no one has quantified

changes in the rate of straying

as a result of the disturbances

caused by humans, there is no

(70)      reason to suspect that the effect

would be qualitatively different

than what was seen in the

aftermath of the Mount Saint

Helens eruption.  

Q12:

The author mentions the “aftermath of the Mount Saint Helens eruption” (lines 73-74) most likely in order to

A.     provide an example of the process that allows the repopulation of rivers whose indigenous salmon population has become extinct

B.     indicate the extent to which the disturbance of salmon habitat by human activity in one stream might affect the genetic structure of salmon populations elsewhere

C.     provide a standard of comparison against which the impact of human activity on the gene flow among salmon populations should be measured

D.     show how salmons’ homing instinct can be impaired as a result of severe environmental degradation of their natal streams

E.      show why straying rates in salmon populations remain generally low except when spawning streams suffer severe environmental disturbance

答案是C,为什么B不对呢?好像这题也颇有争议.

我觉得这道题就是定位在上面这个部分，这里是用aftermath of the Mount Saint Helens eruption作为一个比较的对象，b选项的意思是“表明了disturbance of salmon habitat by human activity in one stream 可能影响其他地方salmon 的genetic structure的程度”与原文的比较无关啊

tania

先汇报一下今天的情况，不好

gwd9  v  错了9个，其中sc 5

                        cr 1

                        rc  3

不过下午和msrs的讨论收获很大，明白了两个语法点，谢谢啦

先去吃饭，回来在继续汇报

wwwhahchn

GWD-6-6

         According to a theory advanced

         by researcher Paul Martin, the wave

         of species extinctions that occurred

Line  in North America about 11,000 years

  (5)   ago, at the end of the Pleistocene era,

         can be directly attributed to the arrival

         of humans, i.e., the Paleoindians, who

         were ancestors of modern Native

         Americans.  However, anthropologist

(10)   Shepard Krech points out that large

          animal species vanished even in areas

          where there is no evidence to demon-

          strate that Paleoindians hunted them.

         Nor were extinctions confined to large

(15)   animals:  small animals, plants, and

         insects disappeared, presumably not

         all through human consumption.  Krech

         also contradicts Martin’s exclusion of

         climatic change as an explanation by

(20)   asserting that widespread climatic

         change did indeed occur at the end of

         the Pleistocene.  Still, Krech attributes

         secondary if not primary responsibility

         for the extinctions to the Paleoindians,

(25)   arguing that humans have produced

          local extinctions elsewhere.  But,

          according to historian Richard White,

          even the attribution of secondary

          responsibility may not be supported

(30)   by the evidence.  White observes that

         Martin’s thesis depends on coinciding

         dates for the arrival of humans and the

         decline of large animal species, and

         Krech, though aware that the dates

(35)   are controversial, does not challenge

          them; yet recent archaeological

         discoveries are providing evidence

         that the date of human arrival was

         much earlier than 11,000 years ago.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q7:

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Krech’s objections to Martin’s theory?

              

1. Further studies showing that the climatic change that occurred at the end of the Pleistocene era was even more severe and widespread than was previously believed


2. New discoveries indicating that Paleoindians made use of the small animals, plants, and insects that became extinct


3. Additional evidence indicating that widespread climatic change occurred not only at the end of the Pleistocene era but also in previous and subsequent eras


4. Researchers’ discoveries that many more species became extinct in North America at the end of the Pleistocene era than was previously believed


5. New discoveries establishing that both the arrival of humans in North America and the wave of Pleistocene extinctions took place much earlier than 11,000 years ago

这题大家怎么看？？

tania

以下是引用vacationer在2005-8-31 23:44:00的发言：

In corporate purchasing,

       competitive scrutiny is typically

       limited to suppliers of items that are

Line      directly related to end products.

  (5)     With “indirect” purchases (such as

computers, advertising, and legal

services), which are not directly

related to production, corporations

often favor “supplier partnerships”

(10)     (arrangements in which the

purchaser forgoes the right to

pursue alternative suppliers), which

can inappropriately shelter suppliers

from rigorous competitive scrutiny

(15)     that might afford the purchaser

economic leverage.  There are two

independent variables—availability

of alternatives and ease of changing

suppliers—that companies should

(20)     use to evaluate the feasibility of

       subjecting suppliers of indirect

       purchases to competitive scrutiny.

This can create four possible

situations.

(25)           In Type 1 situations, there are

many alternatives and change is

relatively easy.  Open pursuit of

alternatives—by frequent com-

petitive bidding, if possible—will

(30)     likely yield the best results.  In

Type 2 situations, where there

are many alternatives but change

       is difficult—as for providers of

employee health-care benefits—it

(35)   is important to continuously test

the market and use the results to

secure concessions from existing

suppliers.  Alternatives provide a

      credible threat to suppliers, even if

(40)    the ability to switch is constrained.

In Type 3 situations, there are few

alternatives, but the ability to switch

without difficulty creates a threat that

companies can use to negotiate

(45)     concessions from existing suppliers.

In Type 4 situations, where there

are few alternatives and change

is difficult, partnerships may be

unavoidable.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q36:

Which of the following can be inferred about supplier partnerships, as they are described in the passage?

              

1. They cannot be sustained unless the goods or services provided are available from a large number of suppliers.
   



2. They can result in purchasers paying more for goods and services than they would in a competitive-bidding situation.
   



3. They typically are instituted at the urging of the supplier rather than the purchaser.
   



4. They are not feasible when the goods or services provided are directly related to the purchasers’ end products.
   



5. They are least appropriate when the purchasers’ ability to change suppliers is limited.
   

这道题前天看了讨论贴之后好像理解了,可是今天看了一下又不行了

D为啥错?

欧觉得从第一段可以看出supplier partnerships是针对那些indirect 的purchase来讨论的，D选项中的when the goods or services provided are directly related to the purchasers’ end products已经超出了原文讨论的范围，所以不能从原文中infer出来。不知对否？

wwwhahchn

以下是引用tania在2005-8-28 20:25:00的发言：

gwd-5-30Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

The irradiation of food kills bacteria and thus retards spoilage.  However, it also lowers the nutritional value of many foods.  For example, irradiation destroys a significant percentage of whatever vitamin B1 a food may contain.  roponents of irradiation point out that irradiation is no worse in this respect than cooking.  However, this fact is either beside the point, since much irradiated food is eaten raw, or else misleading, since _______.

1. many of the proponents of irradiation are food distributors who gain from food’s having a longer shelf life


2. it is clear that killing bacteria that may be present on food is not the only effect that irradiation has


3. cooking is usually the final step in preparing food for consumption, whereas irradiation serves to ensure a longer shelf life for perishable foods


4. certain kinds of cooking are, in fact, even more destructive of vitamin B1 than carefully controlled irradiation is


5. for food that is both irradiated and cooked, the reduction of vitamin B1 associated with either process individually is compounded

这道题我选c，我觉得原文中的this fact 指的是Proponents of irradiation 的那句话，所以misleading的话，应该是对那句话进行的削弱，所以要从irradiation与cooking 之间的比较关系入手，所以选c，但是也有人提出原文关心的是一共的损失量，c是无关选项，应该选e，不知哪种理解正确？

今天又碰到这题，仔细思考后，改投了C

tania

以下是引用wwwhahchn在2005-9-1 18:08:00的发言：

GWD-6-6

         According to a theory advanced

         by researcher Paul Martin, the wave

         of species extinctions that occurred

Line  in North America about 11,000 years

  (5)   ago, at the end of the Pleistocene era,

         can be directly attributed to the arrival

         of humans, i.e., the Paleoindians, who

         were ancestors of modern Native

         Americans.  However, anthropologist

(10)   Shepard Krech points out that large

          animal species vanished even in areas

          where there is no evidence to demon-

          strate that Paleoindians hunted them.

         Nor were extinctions confined to large

(15)   animals:  small animals, plants, and

         insects disappeared, presumably not

         all through human consumption. Krech

         also contradicts Martin’s exclusion of

         climatic change as an explanation by

(20)   asserting that widespread climatic

         change did indeed occur at the end of

         the Pleistocene.  Still, Krech attributes

         secondary if not primary responsibility

         for the extinctions to the Paleoindians,

(25)   arguing that humans have produced

          local extinctions elsewhere.  But,

          according to historian Richard White,

          even the attribution of secondary

          responsibility may not be supported

(30)   by the evidence.  White observes that

         Martin’s thesis depends on coinciding

         dates for the arrival of humans and the

         decline of large animal species, and

         Krech, though aware that the dates

(35)   are controversial, does not challenge

          them; yet recent archaeological

         discoveries are providing evidence

         that the date of human arrival was

         much earlier than 11,000 years ago.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q7:

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Krech’s objections to Martin’s theory?

              

1. Further studies showing that the climatic change that occurred at the end of the Pleistocene era was even more severe and widespread than was previously believed


2. New discoveries indicating that Paleoindians made use of the small animals, plants, and insects that became extinct


3. Additional evidence indicating that widespread climatic change occurred not only at the end of the Pleistocene era but also in previous and subsequent eras


4. Researchers’ discoveries that many more species became extinct in North America at the end of the Pleistocene era than was previously believed


5. New discoveries establishing that both the arrival of humans in North America and the wave of Pleistocene extinctions took place much earlier than 11,000 years ago

这题大家怎么看？？

我觉得应该选B。因为原文中k反驳m的观点基于三方面：一是在没有人捕猎的地方那些大的动物也灭绝了（红色部分）；二是除了那些大动物之外，有一些小的人们不消费的动物（not all）也灭绝了（绿色部分）（前两个观点说明也许不是人类的捕食造成了动物灭绝）；三是通过说明气候变化确实发生了来驳斥m认为气候不能作为解释动物灭绝的原因（蓝色部分）。

B选项是对k的第二个观点进行的反驳，指出人们其实都是吃这些小动物的，没有人们不吃的小动物

C选项不能作为削弱，如果是削弱的话，应当说明气候没有发生变化，而C选项承认了确实发生了气候的变化，只是把时间扩展了，说以前和以后也发生了气候变化，但他并没有削弱发生气候变化这个事情。

所以我认为C不对。

请拍砖

v22

以下是引用tania在2005-9-1 17:24:00的发言：

先汇报一下今天的情况，不好

gwd9  v  错了9个，其中sc 5

                        cr 1

                        rc  3

不过下午和msrs的讨论收获很大，明白了两个语法点，谢谢啦

先去吃饭，回来在继续汇报

很好了呀，CR才错一个！

wwwhahchn

以下是引用tania在2005-9-1 19:03:00的发言：

以下是引用wwwhahchn在2005-9-1 18:08:00的发言：
GWD-6-6

         According to a theory advanced

         by researcher Paul Martin, the wave

         of species extinctions that occurred

Line  in LACE w:st="on">North AmericaLACE> about 11,000 years

  (5)   ago, at the end of the Pleistocene era,

         can be directly attributed to the arrival

         of humans, i.e., the Paleoindians, who

         were ancestors of modern Native

         Americans.  However, anthropologist

(10)   Shepard Krech points out that large

          animal species vanished even in areas

          where there is no evidence to demon-

          strate that Paleoindians hunted them.

         Nor were extinctions confined to large

(15)   animals:  small animals, plants, and

         insects disappeared, presumably not

         all through human consumption. Krech

not all through human consumption=some through human consumption，等于还是承认了人的作用，只是对其重要性的定义与M不同（见line22-24secondary if not primary），由此可见，B没有削弱

         also contradicts Martin’s exclusion of

         climatic change as an explanation by

(20)   asserting that widespread climatic

         change did indeed occur at the end of

         the Pleistocene.  Still, Krech attributes

         secondary if not primary responsibility

         for the extinctions to the Paleoindians,

(25)   arguing that humans have produced

          local extinctions elsewhere.  But,

          according to historian Richard White,

          even the attribution of secondary

          responsibility may not be supported

(30)   by the evidence.  White observes that

         Martin’s thesis depends on coinciding

         dates for the arrival of humans and the

         decline of large animal species, and

         Krech, though aware that the dates

(35)   are controversial, does not challenge

          them; yet recent archaeological

         discoveries are providing evidence

         that the date of human arrival was

         much earlier than 11,000 years ago.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q7:

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Krech’s objections to Martin’s theory?

              

1. Further studies showing that the climatic change that occurred at the end of the Pleistocene era was even more severe and widespread than was previously believed
   
2. New discoveries indicating that Paleoindians made use of the small animals, plants, and insects that became extinct
   
3. Additional evidence indicating that widespread climatic change occurred not only at the end of the Pleistocene era but also in previous and subsequent eras                                                                       K认为：（at the end of the Pleistocenc）有climatic change ==> 有species extinction，前者导致后者                                             C选项：（in previous and subsequent eras）有climatic change ==>无species extinction，有因无果，削弱
   
4. Researchers’ discoveries that many more species became extinct in LACE w:st="on">North AmericaLACE> at the end of the Pleistocene era than was previously believed
   
5. New discoveries establishing that both the arrival of humans in LACE w:st="on">North AmericaLACE> and the wave of Pleistocene extinctions took place much earlier than 11,000 years ago

这题大家怎么看？？

我觉得应该选B。因为原文中k反驳m的观点基于三方面：一是在没有人捕猎的地方那些大的动物也灭绝了（红色部分）；二是除了那些大动物之外，有一些小的人们不消费的动物（not all）也灭绝了（绿色部分）（前两个观点说明也许不是人类的捕食造成了动物灭绝）；三是通过说明气候变化确实发生了来驳斥m认为气候不能作为解释动物灭绝的原因（蓝色部分）。

B选项是对k的第二个观点进行的反驳，指出人们其实都是吃这些小动物的，没有人们不吃的小动物

C选项不能作为削弱，如果是削弱的话，应当说明气候没有发生变化，而C选项承认了确实发生了气候的变化，只是把时间扩展了，说以前和以后也发生了气候变化，但他并没有削弱发生气候变化这个事情。

所以我认为C不对。

请拍砖

我觉得选C，理由见红色部分，大家讨论

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-9-1 20:22:44编辑过]