高手指点--解释了也看不懂

colathai

One variety of partially biodegradable plastic beverage container is manufactured from small bits of plastic bound together by a degradable bonding agent such as cornstarch. Since only the bonding agent degrades, leaving the small bits of plastic, no less plastic refuse per container is produced when such containers are discarded than when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?

(A) Both partially biodegradable and nonbiodegradable plastic beverage containers can be crushed completely flat by refuse compactors.
(B) The partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers are made with more plastic than comparable nonbiodegradable ones in order to compensate for the weakening effect of the bonding agents.
(C) Many consumers are ecology-minded and prefer to buy a product sold in the partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers rather than in nonbiodegradable containers, even if the price is higher.
(D) The manufacturing process for the partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers results in less plastic waste than the manufacturing process for nonbiodegradable plastic beverage containers.
(E) Technological problems with recycling currently prevent the reuse as food or beverage containers of the plastic from either type of plastic beverage container.

alzn2765

因果推理“断桥”找削弱（质疑假设类）：

前提（因）：only the bonding agent degrades, leaving the small bits of plastic
结论（果）：no less plastic refuse per container is produced when such containers are discarded than when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded

因--->果

注意在前提中只说了一个biodegradable container降解后，其plastic的量变少了（因为bonding agent降解了），但是结论中说的是biodegradable的container比nonbiodegradable的container降解后，剩的不可循环使用的plastic量少了。前提结论之间有一个明显的“断桥”：凭什么假设biodegradable的container一定比nonbiodegradable的container在降解前一定更重？如果biodegradable的container自重100g，剩下不可降解plastic 80g，而nonbiodegradable的container自重80g，剩下不可降解plastic 80g呢？所以这里有一个“无端的假设”。

B选项就是指出了这样一个情况，使得“无端的假设”不成立，则结论成立的可能性大幅下降了。
OG很多这样的题，只告诉你相对变化，而故意没说起始点。

zszszssz

你只要能够看懂题目就很简单：一种部分可降解容器由塑料部件（small bits of plastic）和可降解的连接部分（degradable bonding agent）共同组成。因为只有连接部分能够分解，塑料部分无法分解，所以 这种容器弃置后留下的塑料不比不可降解的容器弃置后留下的塑料少（结论）。

那么题目要求我们增强结论，那么我们只要找到一个选项，这个选项能佐证这种容器弃置后会产生足够多的塑料（大于或等于不可降解的容器弃置后产生的塑料）就可以增强结论。其实你会发现，题目并没有提供这个结论必要的前提，即没告诉我们塑料的（使用）量是多少，所以你只要提供一个依据就可以。

B选项说：为了抵消连接部件对容器整体结构的影响（weakening effect),使用了更多的塑料（比不可降解的多）来强化容器性能。那么B选项就给我们提供了题目里没有、但是结论里出现的的信息，即两个容器使用塑料的量的关系（这是结论的核心）。所以B可以作为正确答案。

colathai

太感谢了你们。我做题太慢了，平均3min一题

colathai

zszszssz 发表于 2015-9-21 20:31
你只要能够看懂题目就很简单：一种部分可降解容器由塑料部件（small bits of plastic）和可降解的连接部分 ...

同意！               

我要喝可乐

zszszssz 发表于 2015-9-21 20:31
你只要能够看懂题目就很简单：一种部分可降解容器由塑料部件（small bits of plastic）和可降解的连接部分 ...

多谢！现在明白了。当初题干都没看懂