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我的语法笔记~~

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11#
 楼主| 发表于 2005-5-7 09:00:00 | 只看该作者

谢谢dct妹妹,enjoylife517

我只是想把一些错题集中在一起

12#
 楼主| 发表于 2005-5-13 11:50:00 | 只看该作者

有许多天没来了,大家还好吗

一道新东方的题:

The deregulation of the Savings and Loans banks in 1982 gave their powers they needed to give loans to almost anyone they wanted.

A  their            B.needed                C.give               D.they wanted

这一题做错觉得自己可能是意思没理解?

13#
 楼主| 发表于 2005-5-15 16:11:00 | 只看该作者

WHY?

14#
发表于 2005-5-15 16:47:00 | 只看该作者
their->them
15#
发表于 2005-5-17 09:49:00 | 只看该作者

TOEFL STRUCTURE 

200408&10

语法笔记

ChaseDream TOEFL专区全体版主

"Business Minds Meet Here. We Succeed Together!"

Welcome to ChaseDream

http://www.chasedream.com

http://forum.chasedrem.com


小序

经过这1个月托福区几位版主的努力与合作,ChaseDream终于推出04年8月和10月的语法笔记。04年8月份由真老九、pengstone、soaring编写。04年10月由hncsxj, melodybb1224编写。最终定稿由enjoylife517 和brace 审定。

本版语法笔记,本着简洁实用的原则编写,因而在分析解释的部分相对比较精炼,有需要的朋友建议可以配合着高分语法书、新东方语法教程和其他的笔试语法笔记复习。其中翻译部分仅为帮助理解句子的结构,所以可能在意义上并不十分准确,请各位朋友酌情采纳。

注:

1、题目版权归原作者所有,题目解释版权由ChaseDream网站所有。

2、仅供个人学习研究使用,不得用于其它商业用途,违者后果由使用者承担。

祝愿每一位在考T路上的朋友都能够克服重重困难,战胜TOEFL,最终顺利进入理想的学校,展开人生另一段精彩的旅途。

有任何问题,意见和建议,请告知,我们会将在后续项目中改进。

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WORD版本使用说明

1、各题答案和所有解释均隐藏在(D)选项后(放在这里主要是避免下一题答案也被显示从而影响做题), 为了节省空间, 改错题目的所有A,B,C,D都去除了,希望朋友们理解。 显示的方法是鼠标左键单击“常用”工具栏“显示/隐藏编辑标记”按钮(只有WORD才有此按钮,写字板没有)。再次单击又被隐藏。见下图:

如果WORD是英文版的,看这个:

如果按“显示/隐藏编辑标记”按钮却无法隐藏答案,请按下列步骤操作:工具-选项-视图-格式标记-点“隐藏文字”复选框让它变成“□隐藏文字”(也就是清除“隐藏文字”复选框)-确定。

2、做题时请切换至“普通”视图,因为显示答案时的页面变化小;在“页面”视图下,可以欣赏到妹妹我那美仑美奂,美不胜收的一流风姿!

3、曾经经过了校正, 但是错误肯定还有,请各位不吝指正(可以上ChaseDream语法区发帖子指出),共同进一步完善,不胜感谢!

祝你成功

melodybb1224 代gemj

2005年03月28日


黄金规则一

一个句子有且只有一个谓语;如果非要有另外一个谓语,则必须同时有连词、关系代词、关系副词;一个句子如果有连词、关系代词、关系副词,那么这个句子应该有两个谓语,并且两个句子分别有自己的谓语。

黄金规则二

在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,如果从句主语与主句主语一致,并且从句的谓语构成中含有be动词,那么从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以同时省略。


2004年08月语法题

1.In tile philosophical school of pragmatism, -----certainty and there are no absolutes.

(A) there is no

(B) is there not

(C) neither

(D) no

答案:A

分析:连词and连接前后两个句子,后句已经完整,选项中只有A能保证并列句子完整性。

翻译:在实用主义tile学派看来,绝对和必然都不存在。

2. The femur, or thighbone, is -------in the human body.

(A) the bone is longest

(B) the longest bone that

(C) the longest bone

(D) that of which the longest bone

答案:C

分析:根据黄金规则一,题干中主语、谓语齐全,若出现连词、关系代词、关系副词,必定还有一个谓语,反之亦然。而A中有谓语is但是没有连词,B.和D中有关系代词that但是没有谓语。

翻译:大腿骨,也称股骨,是人体中最长的骨头。

3.------- different kinds of beans are cultivated throughout the world.

(A) Many

(B) Of the many

(C) There are many

(D) Many are the

答案:A

分析:同上道理,根据黄金规则,C、D错。B缺少主语。

翻译:很多种不同的豆类植物被栽培于世界各地。

4. A major source of rock salt is domes, ------of rock salt embedded in surrounding layers of earth.

(A) are that vertical cylinders

(B) that vertical cylinders

(C) cylinders are vertical

(D) vertical cylinders

答案:D

分析:根据黄金规则,A、C有谓语动词,但是两句之间没有连词、关系代词、关系副词,错。B中有关系代词that,但是没有谓语动词(注意embeded是及物动词的被动语态,不可能单独出现作为谓语),而且that作为关系代词时,必须紧跟先行词,之间不可能出现逗号。 题干部分A major source of rock salt is domes,已经是一个完整的句子,逗号之后,要么有连词连接句子,要么只能是个词组,名词短语做宾语同位语。

翻译:岩盐的主要来源是domes,一种藏于地表层的岩盐垂直柱体。

5. Hot springs are one of the most characteristic features of areas of recent volcanic activity, although----- in other areas less abundantly.

(A) also to have occurred

(B) their occurrence also

(C) also occur

(D) they do also occur

答案:D

分析:前半句完整,后句出现连词although. 根据黄金规则,后句必须有自己的主语、谓语。显然只有D主语谓语齐全。

翻译:温泉是近世火山活动区域的最典型特征之一,尽管其在其他地区也会少量出现。

6. Soap operas, a type of television drama series, are so called because at first they were ---such as soap manufacturers.

(A) commercial companies by sponsored

(B) companies commercial by sponsored

(C) sponsored by commercial companies

(D) companies commercial sponsored by

答案:C

分析:语序题,such as的前面必然是名词,只有C符合。同时,被动语态, 只有 were sponsored 也就是C符合。

翻译:肥皂剧,一种电视系列剧,之所以被称作肥皂剧是因为起初它们是由肥皂制造商等商业公司提供赞助的。

7. In the early 1900's, Albert Einstein showed---, under special circumstances, matter and energy can be converted into one another.

(A) in which

(B) that

(C) what

(D) there are

答案:B

分析: B里面的That 作宾语从句的连接词。

翻译:在20世纪早期,Albert Einstein指出物质和能量在特定条件下能相互转化。

8.------in the United States began in the eighteenth century, when individuals, merchants, and colonial governments loaned money to one another.

(A) Banking

(B) When banking

(C) It was banking

(D) Banking was

答案:A

分析:后面的壮语从句已经完整,因此只需看主句。主句中已经有谓语began,根据黄金规则,B多了关系副词when;C、D有第二个谓语,缺少关系代词、副词、连词。

翻译:美国银行业兴起于18世纪,当时个人、贸易商、殖民地政府之间相互借款。

9. By performing specific motions, forager honeybees are able to recruit ---------to gather at a recently discovered food source.

(A) while their nestmates

(B) so that their nestmates

(C) their nestmates

(D) their nestmates are

答案:C

分析:to gather是动词不定式,不能做谓语。因此,题干中只有一个谓语are。根据黄金规则,A有关系副词,但是没有第二谓语,错。D有第二谓语但是没有连词、关系代词、副词,错。B中出现so that结构,首先recruit这里是及物动词,后面没有宾语,错;其次,so that之后应该是完整的句子,这里显然错。

翻译:觅食蜜蜂通过特殊的动作,能够把他们的伙伴聚集到新发现的食物源。

10. Although the chemical elements niobium and tantalum are not quite ----------zirconium and hafnium, the differences between them are slight

(A) as similar

(B) as similar as

(C) similar than

(D) that similar

答案:B

分析:as similar as结构, C必须是比较 结构。

翻译:尽管化学元素铌和钽与锆和铪不是非常相似,但是它们的差别很小。

11. ------both safety and reliability have always been primary goals of the railway mechanical engineer.

(A) Railroad history

(B) Railroad history includes

(C) Throughout railroad history

(D) In railroad history there are

答案:C

分析:根据黄金规则,B、D有第二个谓语,但是没有连词、关系代词、副词,错。

翻译:在整个铁路历史上,安全性和可靠性一直是铁路机械工程师的主要目标。

12. The trumpet is-----of most dance and jazz bands.

(A) a part is important

(B) partly important

(C) what part is important

(D) an important part

答案:D

分析:考点为of用法。通常出现的是of 前后均为名词,表示从属关系。Important of的形式显然错误。

翻译:小号是大多数舞会和爵士乐队的一个重要部分。

13. Most whole milk undergoes homogenization, -------hot milk is pumped through valves to break up and permanently disperse the fat globules.

(A) a process

(B) which process

(C) a process in which

(D) which is a process

答案:C

分析:考点为同位语结构。主句完整,a process 做homogenization的同位语,后面的定语从句in which 修饰process。

翻译:大多数全脂奶经过了均化过程,在这个过程中热牛奶通过阀门,被打散并最终消除脂肪球。

14. A lingua franca is any auxiliary language, -------a rudimentary kind, used as a medium of communication between people who speak different languages.

(A) of which usually

(B) which usually of

(C) is usually of

(D) usually of

答案:D

分析:插入语。题干中已经有一个谓语is(注意used as…及后面的部分是宾语补足语),根据黄金规则,A、B有关系代词但是没有第二个谓语,错。C有第二个谓语但是没有连词、关系代词、副词,错。

翻译:混合语是指任何一种辅助语言,通常是一种比较初级的,用来作为讲不同语种的人们之间交流的中介。

15. In 1865 the astronomer Maria Mitchell became ----appointed to the faculty of laceName w:st="on">VassarlaceName> laceType w:st="on">CollegelaceType>.

(A) as the first woman

(B) the first woman was

(C) the first woman

(D) being the first woman

答案:C

分析:become是及物动词,A错。根据黄金规则,B出现第二个谓语但是没有关系代词、副词、连词,错。D的形式有谁见过?

翻译:1865年,天文学家Maria Mitchell成为第一个被任命为Vassar学院教员的女士。

16. Reptiles are found on land and in water, but they cannot alive in frigid climates because they need the Sun's warmth to give them energy_

答案:B,alive>>live

分析:考点为形容词与动词混用, alive是形容词,live 是动词。

翻译:爬行动物常见于陆地和水中,但是无法生活与恶劣的气候下,因为他们需要太阳的温暖为其提供能量。

17. Stone tools began to be replaced around 6,000 years ago by metal tools, who were used to build instruments and simple machines.

答案:B,who>>which

分析:who只能指代人,which只能指代物

翻译:大约6000年前金属工具开始取代石器,被用来制造设备和简单的机器。

18. One of the most famous structures in the world, the Statue of Liberty is widely considered a inspiring symbol of hope and freedom.

答案:C,a>>an

分析:单词发音为元音开头的单词之前应该用an

翻译:自由女神像作为世界上最著名的建筑之一,被广泛视为鼓舞人心的希望与自由的标志。

19. Buses were developed at the beginning of the twentieth century to compete with streetcars by providing flexibility greater in routes.

答案:D,flexibility greater>>greater flexibility

分析:考点为词序颠倒,形容词应在名词之前

翻译:公共汽车在20世纪初发展起来,并以更灵活的行车路线与电车竞争。

20. Abundant rainfall or irrigation is necessary during the early grow period of coffee, but dry conditions during ripening produce beans with the best flavor.

答案:B,grow>>growing

分析:考点为动词、形容词混用,动词grow不能当作period的修饰成分的。

翻译:在咖啡的生长早期,丰沛的雨水或灌溉是必要的,但是成熟期里干燥的条件会给咖啡豆带来上佳的口味。

21. There was at least 2,000 years ago that inhabitants of the Northwest Coast of North America first established trade mutes for obsidian.

答案:A

分析:考点是 it引导的强调句型;把there改成it 即可。

翻译:至少在2000年前,北美西北海岸线的居民就已开始进行黑曜石的贸易运输。

22. The simplest polymers are created when pressure or heat causes small molecules alter slightly and link together in a long chain.

答案:C

分析:考点是不定式的固定搭配;cause small molecules to alter and (to,可省略) link together….

翻译:最简单的聚合体是在压力或热量导致一些小分子发生轻微的变化并且连成一个长长的分子链时生成的。

23. A Canadian Prime Minister must have the supportive of a majority of the members of the Houseof Commons to remain in office.

答案:A

分析:考点是同根形容词与名词的混用;将supportive 改为 support 即可。

翻译:加拿大的总理必须获得国会下议院议员们的大多数支持才能留任。

24. The Ashcan school of painting concentrated on ordinary --even ugly--city scenes, rendering they in straightforward, conventional styles that bordered occasionally on illustration.

答案:B

分析:考点是宾格人称代词与主格人称代词的混用,动词后的人称代词须用宾格;将 they 改为 them 即可。

翻译:“垃圾桶”绘画学派集中刻画那些普通—甚至是丑陋--的城市场景,对它们用直白的、传统的、偶尔接近于插图的风格来进行描绘。

25. By the end of the 1950"s, the suburban population of the United States totaled 60 million, approximately equivalence to the urban areas of the country.

答案:C

分析:同根形容词与名词的混用;将 equivalence 改为equivalent;完整的表达为 the suburban population of the United States totaled 60 million, (which was) approximately equivalent to the urban areas of the country.

翻译:到了50年代末,美国市郊的人口已达6000万,大致相当于市区人口总数。

26. Because it is often dependent of the conditions of crystallization, the composition of the minerals in a rock can be important in determining the rock's geologic history.

答案:B

分析:考的是定贯词的使用,应在 of 后加 the,限定为岩石的crystallization;Because后面的it指代the composition;此类题一直是难点,建议用排除法做。

翻译:由于岩石内矿物质的组成结构经常受岩石结晶时的条件状况,因此这些矿物质的组成结构在分析岩石的地理历史中能起到重要作用。

27. Endemic diseases are diseases that habitual infect only those persons living within certain geographical limits.

答案:A

分析:考的是形容词与副词的混用,动词前应用副词修饰;将habitual 改为 habitually,用于修饰谓语动词infect。

翻译:地方病是一种习惯性地感染居住在一定地域范围内人群的疾病。

28. Regional geography examines, on a regional basis, the ways in which the people local interact with the environment of the area where they live.

答案:C

分析:考的是词序,定语性质的形容词大多数情况下放在名词前面;将 the people local 改为 the local people 即可。

翻译:区域地理学研究的是,在地域基础上,当地人与他们所处的地理环境之间相互作用、相互影响的方式。

29. The Mobile River and its tributaries, which flow south to the Gulf of Mexico, form most important river system in Alabama.

答案:D form most>> form the most

分析:考的是定贯词在最高级中的使用;由于句末的 in Alabama 明确了比较的范围,因此题目中的最高级应与 the 搭配使用,即在 most 前加 the。

翻译:向南流入墨西哥湾的Mobile河以及它的支流,构成了阿拉巴马洲最重要的水系。

30. Beneath the surface of the ocean there lies a hidden world inhabit by plants and animals we rarely see.

答案:C inhabit>> inhabitted

分析:考的是用来修饰名词的后置过去分词结构, 修饰名词a hidden world;将 inhabit 改为 inhabited, 全句的后半部分也可视为一个定语从句结构,即 there lies a hidden world (that is) inhabited by plants and animals。

翻译:在海平面的下面,有一个被隐藏的世界,那里居住着我们很少很看到的动植物。

31. Advertising's primary objective is to presell a product, that is, to convince consumers to purchase an item before they are actually see and inspect it.

答案:D 多余了are, 删除就可以。

分析:。考查句子完整性。They指代consumers, before是句子连词,后面应该是个完整句子。如果有are, 应该是被动语态,但是see明显不是被动语态,所以,删除are即可;see and inspect是并列的动词谓语。

翻译:广告的主要目的是预售一项产品,也就是说,去说服消费者购买一件他们并未事先看到和检查的商品。

32. Fats and fixed oils are greasy or waxy substance that ill their pure state are normally tasteless, colorless, and odorless.'

答案:B substance>> substances

分析:考点是名词的单复数;that引导的定语从句修饰substance, 由于从句中are为复数形式,因此其逻辑主语substance也因用复数形式,改为 substances;从句中的in their pure state为插入语。

翻译:脂肪和固体油是油脂性的,蜡状的物质,在纯净状态中,他们一般是无色无味道的。

33. Of all the elements in the Earth's crust, oxygen is known to be the more common.

答案:D more>> most

分析:考点是最高级的使用;由于有 Of all the elements 对比较范围进行了限定,因此要用最高级,将 more 改为 most;全句也是一个倒装结构,正常的语序是 Oxygen is known to be the most common of all the elements in the Earth’s crust.

翻译:在地壳的所有元素中,氧被认为是最多的。

34. In microphotography, processes photographic are used to reproduce text or illustrations on film in sizes requiring magnification for reading or viewing them.

答案:A processes photographic>> photographic processes

分析:考点是语序;photographic 用来修饰 processes 时应放在前面,此外,后面紧跟的 are 也提示主语的中心词是复数形式的 processes, 而不是 photographic。

翻译:在微缩摄影术中,通过摄影过程来制作胶片上的文字和图示,这些文字和图示需要放大才能阅读。

35. The round, hard-shelled nuts of the macadamia tree grow in clusters and are covered with husks what split when the nuts are ripe.

答案:C what>> that

分析:考点是what 与 that 的混用;what 不能作为引导词引导定语从句,必须改为 that;在本题中,that split when the nuts are ripe 作为定语从句修饰 husks。

翻译:澳洲坚果树上的圆形、有坚硬外壳的坚果成堆生长,并且被外壳所包裹,这些外壳在坚果成熟时会裂开。

36. The United States Social Security Act, enacted in 1935, contained three major programs a retirement fund, unemployment insurance, and welfare grants for local distribute.

答案:D

分析:考的是同根名词与动词的混用;local后应跟名词,将distribute改为distribution。

翻译:颁布于1935年的美国社会安保法案包括三个主要方案,分别是退休基金、失业保险和针对地方分配的福利保障。

37. The light produced by lasers is in general far more monochromatic, powerfully, and coherent than that from any other light source.

答案:B powerfully>> powerful

分析:考点是并列结构;powerfully 改为 powerful后,与monochromatic以及coherent形成并列结构,共同作为表语。

翻译:从激光产生的光普通而言要比其它任何光源所产生的光要来得更加色彩单调,强烈以及连贯。

38. Nineteenth-century United States artist John La Farge was the premier interior designer of his time, receiving commissions for church interiors, private houses, and mural.

答案:D mural>> murals

分析:考点是名词的单复数形式;与mural并列的interiors以及private houses均为复数形式,因此应改为murals, 从句意上理解也应是复数。此外,A选项中的premier 是修饰designer, 而不是修饰 interior。

翻译:19世纪的美国艺术家用John La Farge是他那个时代的顶级内部设计师,受委托进行教堂内部、私人宅楼和壁画的设计。

39. During first ten years of the Space Age, which began in 1957, more than 500 artificial satellites were rocketed into orbit around the Earth.

答案:A first>> the first

分析:考的是定贯词的使用;first 要与限定词连用,比如,the first, his first。

翻译:在始于1957年的太空时代的头10年内,有超过500颗的人造卫星被送上环绕地球的轨道。

40. Settlers streamed into Connecticut River towns in so large numbers between 1765 and 1790 that they nearly doubled the population of Hampshire County, Massachusetts.

答案:A  so>> such

分析:考点是such…that 与so …that的区别,such 后要跟名词结构,而so 后面要跟形容词结构。题中的large numbers是名词结构,因此要将A改为such。

翻译:1765年至1790年之间,如此大量的移民涌入Connecticut River towns, 以至于其数量几乎是位于马萨诸色州的hampshire country 人口数的两倍。

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2004年10月语法题

1. Inertial navigation,---- a vital role in space exploration, employs devices called accelerometers to measure accelerations of spacecraft.

(A) it plays

(B) which plays

(C) which it plays

(D) in which plays

答案:B

分析:which引导的非限定性定语从句; 整个句子的谓语动词是employs; A导致句子两个动词谓语没有连词,错; C which和it在从句作主语重复;D作从句,没有主语。

翻译:惯性导航,在太空探索中起了很重要的作用,使用被称作加速器的装置来测量太空船的加速度。

2. -----  they rely on external sources of warmth, amphibians in cool regions hibernate through the

Winter

(A) Because

(B) By reason of

(C) Due to

(D) Since that

答案:A

分析:because引导原因状语从句,后面是完整句子。

翻译:因为它们依赖于外部的热源,所以在寒冷地区的两栖动物通过冬眠来过冬。

3. In 1846  --- agreed upon the boundaries separating what would become Washington and British Columbia.

(A) when the Canadian and United States governments

(B) the Canadian and United States governments which

(C) with the Canadian and United States governments

(D) the Canadian and the United States governments

答案:D

分析:句子中出现谓语agreed,缺少主语成分,故D正确。

翻译:在1846年,加拿大人和美国政府在两国分界线这个问题达成一致,将形成华盛顿州和BC省。

4. Prized for centuries for their beauty, roses are probably the world's --- plants.

(A) cultivated ornamental most widely

(B) ornamental widely cultivated most

(C)  most widely cultivated ornamental

(D) widely ornamental most cultivated

答案:C

分析:考的是名词前修饰成分的顺序, most修饰的是widely, 最广泛,所以,A, B, D 语序不对。

翻译:几个世纪以来因为它们的美丽而被珍视,玫瑰可能是世界上最广泛种植的装饰性

5. In area, Montana is the fourth largest state in the United States,---- it ranks forty-fourth in population.

(A) nor

(B) in spite of

(C) how

(D) but

答案:D

分析:后半句有转折的意思,并且是完整句子,所有要用转折连词but。In spite of 不能连接句子。

翻译:在面积上,蒙大拿是美国第四大州,但是在人口数量上它排行第四十四位。

6. Larch and spruce trees ---- in bogs and wet areas of the northern United States.

(A) found

(B) are found

(C) have found

(D) finding

答案:B

分析:被动语态

翻译:落叶松属和云杉树被发现在美国北部的沼泽和湿地地区。

7. Ostrich eggs are larger ----of any Other living animal; they may be 150 mm long and 127 mm wide and have a shell 1.97 mm thick.

(A) than those

(B) of those

(C) those that

(D) than

答案:A

分析:比较级larger后面要有than,those指代Ostrich eggs,这里是n of n的用法。

翻译:鸵鸟蛋比现存任何动物的蛋都要大,它们可能长150毫米,宽127毫米,并且有一个厚1.97毫米的外壳。

8. Although rain falls throughout most of the world, in Antarctica, and in a few other places, -------precipitation occurs as ice and snow.

(A) and all

(B) all

(C) where all

(D) it is all

答案:B

分析:从属连词although应该连接两个句子,后半句主语,谓语都已出现,所以只能选一个定语来修饰主语。A多余连词and;C多余where, D多余主谓结构 it is。

翻译:虽然在世界上大部分地区都有降雨,但是在南极洲和少数其他地区,所有的降水都是以冰和雪的形态发生的。

9. ---- to learn about human origins and evolution, the physical anthropologist studies fossil remains and observes the behavior of other primates.

(A) Because trying

(B) Do they try

(C) There is trying

(D) In trying

答案:D

分析:in doing….. 表示手段。。Try to do sth表示尝试作,逗号后面已经是完整句子,前面要么是连词连接的句子,要么是词组。A,Because 应该连接句子,但是没有句子,错; B 没有连词,错;C没有连词,错。

翻译:为了了解人类起源和进化,物理考古学家研究化石残余和观察其他灵长类动物的

10. ---- where the American craft movement seems to have flourished most vigorously, partly through its association with the Prairie School of Architecture.

(A) Was the Midwest

(B) The Midwest as

(C) It was the Midwest

(D) The Midwest being!

答案:C

分析:该句中it 是形式主语,真正的主语是where后面的从句,由于主语太长,放在前面就会头重脚轻,所以,用形式主语it来代替。

翻译:美国工艺运动看起来最繁荣,部分上是通过与建筑学大草原学校学派联合发起运动的地方就是中西部。

11. ---- as taste is really a composite sense made up of both taste and smell.

(A)To which we refer

(B)What do we refer to

(C)That we refer to it

(D) What we refer to

答案:D

分析:句子谓语动词是 is,此题考点为主语从句。AB可以排除,C中,that不做任何成分,没有意义,但是it作为主语从句中的宾语,没有明确指代是什么。D,what做从句中refer to 的宾语,符合主语从句的语法规则。

翻译:我们所提到的味觉实际上是一种由味觉和嗅觉混合在一起的感觉。

12. Lorraine Hansberry's play A Raisin in the Sun was ---- to be produced on Broadway.

(A) the first drama that all African American woman

(B)an African American woman whose first drama

(C)an African American woman's drama that first

(D) the first drama by an African American woman

答案:D

分析:常考结构the first…to do; B里面的whose first drama 部分应该是定语从句的结构,但是没有谓语动词,错;C同样错,A用了that但是没有从句的谓语动词,也错。

翻译:Lorraine Hansberry的剧本《太阳下的葡萄干》是第一个由美籍非洲女人在百老汇创作的剧本。

13. When changes in the tilt of the Earth relative to the Sun shift the location of South America's warmest zone,---- with it.

(A) the rains go

(B) as go the rains

(C)which the rains to go

(D) and the rains going

答案:A

分析:全句缺主语和谓语,A合适; 逗号之前的部分,是when引导的状语从句,后面应该是主句。

翻译:当地球倾斜的变化与太阳在南美最温暖地区的移动相关的时候,降雨也与之相匹配。

14. The United States government shares governmental powers with the states under the federal system.---- by the United States Constitution.

(A) established it

(B) which established

(C) and established

(D) established

答案:D

分析:分词做状语。由于establish与主语是被动的关系,所以要用过去分词。逗号之前的部分是完整的主谓结构,所以逗号之后,A多余it, it 无法作为正常句子成分; B是从句,但是没有谓语动词,错; C and没有相应的并列成分。

翻译:在联邦体制下,被美国宪法建立的美国政府与州共享政府权利。

15. A challenging new area in inorganic chemistry is ---- the role of transition metals in the biochemical catalysts called enzymes.

(A) that of understanding

(B) to have understanding

(C) the understanding

(D) understanding that

答案:A

分析:A,名词结构,that普通代词,同比较级里that of的惯用法。

B,语法错误 C,分词带宾语不要加定冠词 D,割开了动宾结构,而understanding不能直接带宾语从句。

翻译:在无机化学中一个新的挑战领域就是理解过渡金属在被称作酵素的生化催化剂中的作用。

16. The hermit crab, a crustacean that uses an empty shell as a portable refuge to cover its soft abdomen, changes shells as grows.

答案:D as grows>> as it grows

分析:改为as it grows. 这里as为conj连词,译为随着。。。表示时间上同时发生。

翻译:寄居蟹,一种使用空贝壳盖在它的柔软的腹部来作为便携式避难所的甲壳类动物,随着生长而换壳。

17. In the mid-1960's many artists began to working outdoors on a large scale, making the landscape rather than the studio their arena.

答案:B working>> to work

分析:begin to do/begin doing,固定用法。

翻译:在19世纪六十年代中期,许多艺术家开始了大规模的户外工作,制作出了风景画而不是在工作室中的作品。(此题题目有问题,D也不对)

18. Electoral politics in the United States has been dominated by two political parties since the administer of George Washington.

答案:D administer>> administration

分析:词义的混用, administer(管理者)应该改为administration(政权,政府), 比如现在的美国政府是the Bush Administration。

翻译:在美国的选举政治自从乔治.华盛顿执政以来已经被两个政党所主导。

19. Art Deed, a style of design popular in the 1920's and 1930's, was used primarily in furniture, jewel, textiles, and interior decoration.

答案:C jewel>> jewelry

分析:此处并列结构,要求行业并列,应该用集合词jewelry.

翻译:艺术性为,一种设计风格流行于二十世纪二十年代和三十年代,主要被用在家具,珠宝,纺织和内部装饰。

20. Initially introduced in 1852, the gyroscope consists a spinning device, usually in the form of a wheel, that exhibits strong angular momentum.

答案:B

分析:改为consists of sth. 由... ...组成.  同时还有consist in sth. 存在于……都是固定搭配。

翻译:最初在1852年被采用,回旋议是由一个旋转装置,通常以轮子的形式,展现出强的角动量。

21. The membrane surrounding a single-celled animal or plant or any individual cell in a multicellular organism is important in the respiratory and nutritionally processes of that cell.

答案: D nutritionally>> nutritional

分析: nutritionally processes改为nutritional process, 副词不可修饰名词

翻译:覆盖在单细胞动物或植物,或者是任何多细胞生物体的单个细胞外的膜,对该细胞的呼吸和营养过程很重要

22. In the nineteenth century, moving from crowded Britain to relatively sparsely populated North America were seen by many British as an act of patriotism.

答案: C were>> was

分析:were改为was,moving单个动名词的动作做主语,谓语用单数

翻译:19世纪,从拥挤的不列颠迁移到人口想对稀少的北美没许多英国人看作是一种爱国主义行为。

23. The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States regulates the right of the government to search a citizen's personal and property.

答案: D personal>> person

分析:personal改为person。And前后词性一致。搜身体和财产。看懂了句子,不难。The right to do something, to没有错

翻译:美国宪法的第四修正案规范了政府搜公民身体和财产的权利

24. The color and pageantry, keen rivalry, and high level of competition both contribute to the great worldwide interest in the Olympic Games.

答案: C both>> all

分析:both改为all。多于两个名词做主语,用all,  不用 both.

翻译:精彩和壮观,激烈的对抗和高水平的竞技都是全世界对奥林匹克运动会的兴趣的原因。

25. Although have there been better singers and actresses than Ethel Waters, none typifies the rise from rags to riches more dramatically than she.

答案: A have there>> there have

分析:改为there have. 没有任何理由在这里用倒装句。Than she没错。=than she does. Typify,代表,动词

翻译:虽然有比Ethel Waters更好的歌手和演员,没有人比她更显著的代表了从穷人到富人的崛起

26. The college that became laceName w:st="on">HarvardlaceName> laceType w:st="on">UniversitylaceType>, the oldest institution of higher learning at the United States, was founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1636.

答案: C

分析:改为in.国家,城市,前面用in.注意,在大学:at the university!!句子谓语动词是was founded, 被动语态。

翻译:成为哈佛大学的学院,美国最老得好等教育机构,成立于1636年Cambridge, Massachusetts

27. In a eclipse of the Sun, the regions of umbra experience total eclipse and those of penumbra, partial eclipse.

答案: A

分析:改为an. experience 作动词,没有错。

翻译:日食中,暗影的区域历经全食和那些半影,即偏食

28. Paleoanthropologists examine fossil remains of extinct primates, while physical anthropologists concern with ethnology study the behavior of primates in their natural settings.

答案: B

分析:改为concerning, 在逗号后面的部分,while作连词,后面应该是个完整句子,study作谓语, concerned分词作后置定语修饰主语physical anthropologists

翻译:古人类学家研究绝种的灵长类的化石遗物,而关注动物学的physical人类学家研究自然环境下灵长类的行为

29. Most ocean waves are generated by wind current that agitate the water's surface.

答案: C current>> currents

分析:改为 currents单数可数名词不能单独存在。看到后面的agitate下面没有划线,有利于解题。

翻译: 大多数洋流是被激起水面的风流引起的

30. Some seeds are viable, or capable of growing into healthy plants, for only a few days after fall from the parent tree.

答案: D fall>> falling

分析:改成 falling, 介词after后面不能接动词原型

翻译:在从母树上掉落一段时日后,某些种子可以或者能够长成健康的植物。

31. Statistics indicate that approximate every 22 years--within a range of 3 to 4 years--a major drought occurs in the United States.

答案: B approximate>> approximately

分析:表大约时approximate要用副词形式,改为approximately。这个approximately曾经考过很多很多次了。

翻译:统计结果显示大约每22年美国就会发生一个3到4年长度的大旱灾。

32. The work of Sarah Oarne Jewet, care-nineteenth-century writer, reflects a concern in the alienating consequence, of condustrialization and urbanization.

答案: D condustrialization>> Industrialization

分析: 改为Industrialization,与urbanization相对应。

翻译:19世纪作家SOL的作品反映了对 工业化和城市化孤立结果的担心

33. Seismic waves generated by an earthquake or large explosion can be recorded thousands of kilometer from their source.

答案: D

分析:用复数kilometers e.g. 10 hours  

翻译:由地震或大爆炸产生的地震波可以在震源几千公里外被记录下来

34. After the United States became independent, the cure of more fertile lands drew steadily New Englanders into the laceName w:st="on">OhiolaceName> Valley and the British colony of Upper Canada.

答案: C drew steadily>> steadily drew

分析:副词位置不对。动词后面接宾语时,副词要放动词前面或整个动宾结构的后面,也就是说副词不能放在谓语和宾语之间,改为:steadily drew, or: drew New Englander steadily into

翻译:在美国独立后,对更多肥沃土地的向往稳定的吸引新英格兰到Ohio山谷和上加拿大的英属殖民地。(美国东北角几个州被称为New England)

35. Found in all oceans the various species of electric rays use the charge they can generate for both stunning prey or warding off predators.

答案: D or>> and

分析:both….and固定搭配

翻译:在所有的海洋中可以发现,很多电射线物种用它们产生的电来击昏猎物,和赶走捕食者。

36. Barium is a soft, heavy, silvery white metallic element that readily reacts with another elements to form useful compounds.

答案: C another>> other

分析:改成other。 another后面只能接单数名词

翻译:B是一种柔软的,重的,银白色的金属元素,很容易和其他元素发生反应生成有用的化合物

37. Among the most complex crystals are that of silicon dioxide, which has seven different structures at various temperatures and pressures, the most common being quartz.

答案:B

分析:改为those,指代crystals.后面的which指代silicon dioxide,所以用单数has

翻译:在最复杂晶体中有二氧化硅的结晶体,二氧化硅在不同温度和压强下有7种不通结构,最常见的是石英。

38. Animals have to cope with and control physical and chemical processes that do not necessarily act to benefit of the animal.

答案: D to benefit>> to the benefit of

分析:不要to ,因为act在这里做vi. 而benefit本身可作n.。所以to多余。我觉得这个应该是改成 the benefit of, 是the N of the N 的结构。Act作不及物动词,表示to perform a specified function

翻译:动物必须处理并控制不是一定会对它有益的物理和化学过程

39. By 1810 the 23 towns of Hampshire County, Massachusetts, had reached a remarkable uniform of economic development as well as population density.

答案: C uniform>> unification

分析:C。 D没有错误。这边表示递进也是可以的。C才是大错。同意是C,uniform常用还是制服的意思,应该改成unification。

翻译:到1810时,H国的23个镇已经达到了显著的经济发展和人口密度的统一。

40. With more than half the world's annual yield of 50 million tons of soy beans, an important source of protein, is grown in the United States.

答案:A

分析:改为more than。谓语动词是is, 被动语态,整个句子缺主语。

翻译:作为一种重要的蛋白质来源,世界大豆年产量5百万吨的一半以上是在美国种植的

有任何问题,意见和建议,请告知,我们会将在后续项目中改进。

反馈请至:

ChaseDream超级论坛

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TOEFL语法专区

http://forum.chasedream.com/list.asp?boardid=58

16#
 楼主| 发表于 2005-5-17 14:12:00 | 只看该作者

谢谢consonant 斑竹的解答

chenfare妹妹辛苦了!!语法笔记我已下载,正在专研中

17#
 楼主| 发表于 2005-5-17 14:20:00 | 只看该作者
错,是钻研中
18#
 楼主| 发表于 2005-5-17 14:40:00 | 只看该作者
有新东方模拟题的语法笔记吗
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