OG-14

cdg2004

Passage 14

A meteor stream is composed of dust particles that have been ejected from a parent comet at a variety of velocities. These particles follow the same orbit as the parent comet, but due to their differeing velocities they slowly gain on or fall behind the disintegrating comet until a shroud of dust surrounds the entire cometary orbit.Astronomers have hypothesized that a meteor stream should broaden with time as the dust particles’ individual orbits are perturbed by planetary gravitational fields. A recent computer-modeling experimetn tested this hypothesis by tracking the influence of planetary gravitation over a projected 5,000-year period on the positions of a group of hypothetical dust particles. In the model, the particles were randomly distributed throughout a computer simulation of the orbit of an actual meteor stream, the Geminid. The researcher found, as expected,that the computer-model stream broadened with time. Coventional theories, however, predicted that the distribution of particles would be increaingly dense toward the center of a meteor stream. Surpringly, the computer-model meteor stream gradually came to resemble a thick-walled, hollow pipe.

Whenever the Earth passes through a meteor stream, a meteor shower occurs. Moving at a little over 1,500,000 miles per day around its orbit, the Earth would take, on average, just over a day to cross the hollow, computer-model Geminid stream if the stream were 5,000 years old. Two brief periods of peak meteor activity during the shower would be observed, one as the Earth entered the thick-walled “pipe” and one as it exited. There is no reason why the Earth should always pass through the stream’s exact center, so the time interval between the two bursts of activity would vary from one year to the next.

Has the predicted twin-peaked activity been observed for the actual yearly GEminid meteor shower? The Geminid data between 1970 and 1979 show just such a bifurcation, a secondary burst of meteor activity being clearly visible at an average of 19 hourse (1,200,000 miles) after the first burst. The time intervals between the bursts suggest the actual Geminid stream is about 3,000 years old.

1,如何翻译表有红色那句话？

There is no reason why the Earth should always pass through the stream’s exact center, so the time interval between the two bursts of activity would vary from one year to the next.

是否可以理解为：

没有理由知道为什么（地球总是经过星河确切的中心却每年穿越星河的时间间隔是不同的）。

即：虽然每年地球都要经过星河的中心，但穿越星河的时间每年是不同的

2，87题，虽然可以理解E是正确答案，但如何解释D?

87. Which of the following is an assumption underlying the last sentence of the passage?

(A) In each of the years between 1970 and 1979, the Earth took exactly 19 hours to cross the Geminid meteor stream.

(B) The comet associated with the Geminid meteor stream has totally disintegrated.

(C) The Geminid meteor stream should continue to exist for at least 5,000 years.

(D) The Geminid meteor stream has not broadened as rapidly as the conventiona ltheories would have predicted.

(E) The computer-model Geminid meteor stream provides an accurate representation of the development of the actual Geminid stream.

另外，又如何理解OG对D的解释？

because the computer model is said to confirm the broadening predicted by the conventional theories; the fact that the model projected the positions of the particles in the stream over a 5000year period does not suggest that researchers expected the stream to be older and therefore broader than it turned out to be.

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-3-21 15:17:44编辑过]

BiteGmat

"There is no reason why ……" ＝ "……是没有根据的"

就是说如何穿过是随机的，穿过中心当然用得时间就最长，离中心越远穿过得时间就越短，所以时间不同。

cdg2004

thanks.

zhoushao

the fact that the model projected the positions of the particles in the stream over a 5000year period does not suggest that researchers expected the stream to be older and therefore broader than it turned out to be.

大家帮忙解释一下D中这句话，有点不懂

wangyu73cn

Choice D is correct because the computer model is said to confirm the broadening predicted by the conventional theories; the fact that the model projected the positions of the particles in the stream over a 5000year period does not suggest that researchers expected the stream to be older and therefore broader than it turned out to be.

计算机模型是确认传统理论所预测的（流星群的）不断扩张现象的。模型预估在5000年的时间内的流星群中流星体的位置，这并不意味着，研究者们就预估流星群应当比现在实际的（3000年）要更久远或更宽阔。

这里的意思是，"模型是预测流星群在5000年内的表现"与“研究者去判断流星群的实际年龄”是两件事。也就是说，研究者研究了在5000年内流星群的形态，然后以此为基础，在实际观测的情况下，推断出流星群大概3000年。研究者在最初研究时并没有判断流星群的实际年龄。

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-5-22 19:41:19编辑过]

zhoushao

以下是引用wangyu73cn在2005-5-22 19:37:00的发言：

Choice D is correct because the computer model is said to confirm the broadening predicted by the conventional theories; the fact that the model projected the positions of the particles in the stream over a 5000year period does not suggest that researchers expected the stream to be older and therefore broader than it turned out to be.

计算机模型是确认传统理论所预测的（流星群的）不断扩张现象的。模型预估在5000年的时间内的流星群中流星体的位置，这并不意味着，研究者们就预估流星群应当比现在实际的（3000年）要更久远或更宽阔。

这里的意思是，"模型是预测流星群在5000年内的表现"与“研究者去判断流星群的实际年龄”是两件事。也就是说，研究者研究了在5000年内流星群的形态，然后以此为基础，在实际观测的情况下，推断出流星群大概3000年。研究者在最初研究时并没有判断流星群的实际年龄。

谢谢wangyu大哥，看了你的解释又想了一阵明白了

这两天看OG得解释觉得还是很有收获，只是很痛苦

jzchina

感谢诸位，对这篇文章的探讨使我恍然大明白了许多。不过还是有一个问题，最后一段提到的BIFURCATION（分歧）指的是什么和什么有分歧呢？说的是（原来预计的穿越GEMINID的时间是OVER A DAY，但实际上数据表明只需要平均19小时）的分歧吗？

wangyu73cn

以下是引用jzchina在2005-6-18 13:26:00的发言：

感谢诸位，对这篇文章的探讨使我恍然大明白了许多。不过还是有一个问题，最后一段提到的BIFURCATION（分歧）指的是什么和什么有分歧呢？说的是（原来预计的穿越GEMINID的时间是OVER A DAY，但实际上数据表明只需要平均19小时）的分歧吗？

我认为，bifurcation指双峰现象。

ring_cheng

Choice D is correct because the computer model is said to confirm the broadening predicted by the conventional theories; the fact that the model projected the positions of the particles in the stream over a 5000year period does not suggest that researchers expected the stream to be older and therefore broader than it turned out to be.

我的理解：文中的传统理论有两个观点，一是认为“流星群broaden with time”,二是“中间厚两边薄”，前一个观点已被实验所证实；其中不包含有对G流星年龄进行过预判的观点。

因此，不论是通过model发现“流星群broaden with time”,还是通过对比原先估计的年龄5000岁（G流星L24-28）而实际是3000岁（文末最后一句），都无法指出传统理论对G流星的年龄进行过预判（broaden rapidly--older--broader)。

jzchina

以下是引用wangyu73cn在2005-6-18 13:39:00的发言：

我认为，bifurcation指双峰现象。

我查金山词霸，bifurcation是分歧的意思。但是我觉得还是斑竹说的对。在这里应该是指双峰现象。