【每日逻辑练习第二季【2-2】

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　12
　59’
　Modern is easier  to be influenced than the old ones, proved by an accident as a result of using computer
　
　Background: Modern navigation systems, which are found in mostof today’s commercial aircraft, are made withlow-power circuitry, which is more susceptible tointerference than the vacuum-tube circuitry found inolder planes. During landing, navigation systemsreceive radio signals from the airport to guide theplane to the runway.
　
Premise:Recently, one plane withlow-power circuitry veered off course during landing,its dials dimming, when a passenger turned on alaptop computer.

Conclusion :Clearly, modern aircraft navigationsystems are being put at risk by the electronicdevices that passengers carry on board, such ascassette players and laptop computers.

Prephrase: veer off course when someone used a computer--electronic devices make the modern system risk

Least strengthen: （other factors that can lead to the veer off or unrelated)
A when the supposed cause was eliminate, the problem was solved
That means it is the very supposed cause that lead to the problem.--strengthen
B add information that make sure this suppose cause-effect corse happen (computer interfered navigate system )---strengthen
C remove other related factors that would interfere the course--strengthen
D add information ---strengthen
E_-----无关选项---correct

1345’
An compelling severe winter occurred as a result of volcano eruption ----eruption make the atmosphere cooler than it would be otherwise
Weaken ： un usually severe winter did not occurred once th continent was blanketed either.
Background：
Premise : An unusually severe winter occurred in Europe after the continent was blanketed by a blue haze resulting from the eruption of the Laki Volcano in the European republic of Iceland in the summer of 1984. Conclusion :Thus, it is evident that major eruptions cause the atmosphere to become cooler than it would be otherwise.2’
A --unrelated
B it talked about the relation between eruption and severity of rainy season ,while the core in this question is about the relation between eruption and the temperature -unrelated
C another example that eruption cause the higher temperature ---weaken--correct
D unrelated
E it talked about sea surface temperature while in this question we talk about the air temperature--unrelated

14
1’
The microwave with clock will use electricity 45 kilowatt-hours a year when even is not put into use . While microwave without clock use no electricity when not in use.-----the former will use 45 kilowatt-hours a year more on average than the latter
Background:Most household appliances use electricity only when in use. Many microwave ovens, however, have built-in clocks and so use some electricity even when they are not in use.
Premise： The clocks each consume about 45 kilowatt-hours per year.
Conclusion：Therefore, households whose microwave oven has no built-in clock use 45 kilowatt-hours per year less, on average, than do comparable households whose microwave oven is otherwise similar but has a built-in clock.

Prephrase: When not in use , microwave use no electricity , clock use 45 electricity--the microwave with clock will cost 45 more than those without clock on average

D 2’
A the question talk about the housewives who have a microwave with a clock and the housewives who have a microwave without a clock .and it did compare the housewives with a microwave and the housewives without a microwave-----unrelated
B the question compared the quantity of energy cost by the microwave rather the cost of microwave ---unrelated
C it did not talk about the kind of oven ---unrelated
D assumption ---correct
E weaken the conclusion .

15
1’27
Airline want to lower fares at a cost of losing money to eliminate competitors, but they will fail in the long run  , cause when this method succeeds at first ,competitor will enter again during the time they ask higher fares to recoup the earlier lost.
Weaken
Potential answer: the airline is a industry that can exit easily but difficult to enter.

background:Some airlines allegedly reduce fares on certain routes to a level at which they lose money, in order to drive competitors off those routes.
Premise: Once an airline successfully implements this method, any attempt to recoup the earlier losses by charging high fares on that route for an extended period would only provide competitors with a better opportunity to undercut the airline's fares.
Conclusion:However, this method of eliminating competition cannot be profitable in the long run.
B/

A the question talk about the result of reducing fares rather the legality of lowing the fares.-----unrelated
B remove the premise----correct
C the level of reducing fares is not discussed in this argument --unrelated
D whether other airlines would size of their operation is not discussed---unrelated
E this question talk about the relation between the fare reduction and the competitors rather the relation between the fare reduction and the quantity of passengers.


16
37’
The old plane can not be fixed while painting , the film that take painting’s place can make the maintenance available and the cost the same time with painting.so the film may help reduce maintenance time
Strengthen:
The film will not make it harder to fix


Background:When an airplane is taken out of service for maintenance, it is often repainted as well, and during the repainting no other maintenance work can be done on the plane.
Conclusion :In order to reduce maintenance time,
Premise: airline officials are considering using a new nontoxic plastic film instead of paint. The film takes just as long to apply as paint does, but many other maintenance tasks can be carried out at the same time.

B
A the order in this argument is reduce maintenance time, it has nothing to do with color----unrelated
B it compared the time of removing paint and film, indirectly add information that the time will be saved by using film----correct
C it set a higher bars using film----weaken
D metal exteriors are not discussed , it may intend to imply us that the plastic did not require the same condition , but since it did not express it out , it can count as a information  that can be considered---unrelated
E unrelated