请大家帮忙看两句话（og阅读）

luoxiaoji

这是一道指代类问题：

Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects,they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits...

为什么they 指代applied-art objects, 而不是laws of physics? 从句主语和主句主语不应该是一致的吗？
they有就近修饰这一说法吗？我记得which就有就近修饰。


"In the 1900's, the United States was long overdue in developing art that did not reproduce European tradition" means that up to this point in history, American art did reproduce European traditions.  不太明白，美国到底有没有reproduce European tradition?

pig2009

这是一道指代类问题：

Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects,they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits...

为什么they 指代applied-art objects, 而不是laws of physics? 从句主语和主句主语不应该是一致的吗？
they有就近修饰这一说法吗？我记得which就有就近修饰。


"In the 1900's, the United States was long overdue in developing art that did not reproduce European tradition" means that up to this point in history, American art did reproduce European traditions.  不太明白，美国到底有没有reproduce European tradition?

-- by 会员 luoxiaoji (2010/2/26 22:48:39)

   参考答案:  第一句: they指代applied art objects 由句意而来。eg.1)  Since apples are much cheaper than oranges, they were sold much better. 这里的they就指代apple。 2) Since Dr.Yang has aggreed to sent an offer to Jesse, he does not need to contact  with other professors.  这里的he从句意看，就必须指代Jesse.   从句主语不是总和主句主语一致，eg. She hurt him so deeply that he will not forgive her.  从句是为主句服务的，属于从属地位，因此，从句主语是否和主句主语一致，完全取决于从句主语与主句主语的关系。在LZ所提到的这句话中，从句主语laws of physics 与主句主语applied art objects的关系是因果关系，即因为laws of physics （A）决定了applied art objects（B）的样式，所以applied art objects （B）才会遵从基本的模式。如果说they也指代laws of physics，那逻辑意思就成了：正因为A决定了B的样式，所以A才遵循基本的模式。——不通啊！我认为只有从句主语与主句主语是同一关系时，主从句主语才一致。Becasue the boy was saved by his brother, he can give a lecture here.


第二句：意思说的很明白是American确实reproduce了Euporean tradition， 引号里的句子实际是个双重否定=肯定， means that 从句后边正是解释了这种“等同”关系。如果你看引号里的句子还觉得费尽，那从句不非常清楚了吗？作者的目的也就在于解释啊！

pig2009

我觉得LZ这个问题完全可以拿到GMAT语法版去问问大牛们的看法，会有帮助的！

skynova

个人感觉托福和GMAT在指代的侧重点方面是有一定区别的。GMAT考的是语法规范，大部分代词都是就近指代；而托福主要考的是文章内容理解，代词指代主语的情况比较多。

楼主给出的两个句子其实都是涉及句意理解。第一句楼上已经解释很清楚了，而第二句理解的关键其实在“overdue”这个词上，如果理解这个词有“迟到、过期”的意思，那么可以很确定 that后的修饰全在讲art，也就是“did not reproduce European tradition 的art”。另外从纯粹语法角度上讲，一般so...that结构才有“太……以至于”的逻辑意思，否则that后的内容都是就进修饰前面的名词。

lucheng123

而第二句理解的关键其实在“overdue”这个词上，如果理解这个词有“迟到、过期”的意思，那么可以很确定 that后的修饰全在讲art，也就是“did not reproduce European tradition 的art”。另外从纯粹语法角度上讲，一般so...that结构才有“太……以至于”的逻辑意思，否则that后的内容都是就进修饰前面的名词。

-- by 会员 skynova (2010/3/21 18:24:22)

说得好啊～谢谢

fywang2

Since the laws of physics,not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits.
在此句子中：
they follow basic patterns是插入语，作为插入语句子的they，应该是指插入语前最靠近的名词。
不知道这样理解是否正确？