GWD-5-5

graceguo98

      According to a theory advanced

            by researcher Paul Martin, the [MSOffice1] wave

            of species extinctions that occurred

Line     in North America about 11,000 years

  (5)      ago, at the end of the Pleistocene era,

can be directly attributed to the arrival

of humans, i.e., the Paleoindians, who

were ancestors of modern Native

Americans.  However, anthropologist

 (10)     Shepard Krech points ou[MSOffice2] t that large

animal species vanished even in areas

where there is no evidence to demon-

strate that Paleoindians hunted them.

Nor were extinctions confined to large

 (15)     animals:  small animals, plants, and

insects disappeared, presumably not

all through human consumption.  Krech

also contradicts Martin’s exclusion of

climatic change as an explanation by

 (20)     asserting that widespread climatic

            change did indeed occur at the end of

            the Pleistocene.  Still, Krech attributes

secondary if not primary responsibility

for the extinctions to the Paleoindians,

 (25)     arguing that humans have produced

local extinctions elsewhere.  But,

according to historian Richard Wh[MSOffice3] ite,

even the attribution of secondary

responsibility may not be supported

 (30)     by the evidence.  White observes that

Martin’s thesis depends on coinciding

dates for the arrival of humans and the

            decline of large animal species, and

Krech, though aware that the dates

 (35)     are controversial, does not challenge

them; yet recent archaeological

discoveries are providing evidence

that the date of human arrival was

much earlier than 11,000 years ago.

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Q5:

Which of the following is true about Martin’s theory, as that theory is described in the passage?

                       

1. It assumes that the Paleoindians were primarily dependent on hunting for survival.
2. It denies that the Pleistocene species extinctions were caused by climate change.
3. It uses as evidence the fact that humans have produced local extinctions in other situations.
4. It attempts to address the controversy over the date of human arrival in North America.
5. It admits the possibility that factors other than the arrival of humans played a role in the Pleistocene extinctions.

 答案竟是B？为什么？我认为PM有两个理论（一个是Paleoindians人类是动物灭种 ；二是气候变化的原因）在18-22行，SP反对PM不考虑气候变化的原因。此题的答案是仅仅根据此处吗？但是PM的主要观点是Paleoindians是动物中灭绝浪潮的主要原因，这个不对吗？

谢谢

Q6:

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Krech’s objections to Martin’s theory?

                       

1. Further studies showing that the climatic change that occurred at the end of the Pleistocene era was even more severe and widespread than was previously believed
2. New[MSOffice1]  discoveries indicating that Paleoindians made use of the small animals, plants, and insects that became extinct
3. Additional evidence indicating that widespread climatic change occurred not only at the end of the Pleistocene era but also in previous and subsequent eras
4. Researchers’ discoveries that many more species became extinct in North America at the end of the Pleistocene era than was previously believed
5. New discoveries establishing that both the arrival of humans in North America and the wave of Pleistocene extinctions took place much earlier than 11,000 years ago。

B正确，Pale人类使用小动物，这些小动物灭绝了

Answer:

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Q7:

In the last sentence of the passage, the author refers to “recent archaeological discoveries” (lines 36-37) most probably in order to

 

1. refute [MSOffice2] White’s suggestion that neither Maritn nor Krech adequately account for Paleoindians’ contributions to the Pleistocene extinctions
2. cast doubt on the possibility that a more definitive theory regarding the causes of the Pleistocene extinctions may be forthcoming
3. suggest that Martin’s, Krech’s, and White’s theories regarding the Pleistocene extinctions are all open to question
4. call attention to the most controversial aspect of all the current theories regarding the Pleistocene extinctions
5. provide support for White’s questioning of both Martin’s and Krech’s positions regarding the role of Paleoindians in the Pleistocene extinctions

A正确， 因为

考古学家证明人类到到达的时间远远早于11000年前

考古学家=SK（2） ---在日期上

PM（1）---人类到来毁坏主要原因或次要原因                  ------------（SK2同意）

   -----------RW（3）不同意

  --------考古学家不同意

   PM（1）----气候变化

     ----------SK2 不同意

 

请教问题5. 谢谢

AlienX

LZ可能理解錯...
Krech also contradicts Martin’s exclusion ... by asserting that widespread climatic change did indeed occur at the end of the Pleistocene.
所以Krech指出widespread climatic change did indeed occur...用來反Martin
所以取非後, Martin是不認為有climatic change