夏威夷的temple
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 讲夏威夷的temple, JJ上有。说因为现代科技的进步,人们从一种uranium test中发现Hawaii的temple大都建于2,3十年间,而不是之前人们认为的250年。并围此出题。
碰到JJ中有的夏威夷神庙建立时间的阅读。最后一题问最后一段中说 the temples were built “in one generation”. 问作者说 in one generation 为了什么?选了说明social reform was short lived. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
夏威夷的庙和社会政治发展问题200712
讲关于夏威夷的庙的历史年龄的。说夏威夷的一些建筑一开始历史学家不能确定年代,专家认为是在250年间建成的,但是当地的夏威夷土著的口头记载(oral history),这些庙大概是1600年造的。后面还有一堆什么宗教原因之类的没太看得懂。词汇量很重要啊!!!!说是在一个人(名字忘了)的带领下在几十年间建成的。主要因为用C14追踪法有limitation,现在有了新的方法,通过钍23*来算年代,用的是珊瑚礁里的这种元素,说在这些建筑里都有珊瑚,而珊瑚只在海里才能吸收这种元素,根据钍23*的自然衰变,可以推算出这些庙大概是1608-163*年造的,印证了oral history。
(下面为google搜索到的文章, 和JJ完全一致)
Proto-historic Hawaiian temples on the island of Maui may have mushroomed up within just 30 years, not 250 as previously supposed, scientists say. The findings could significantly alter researchers' understanding of the pace of precontact sociopolitical change in the Pacific.
Hawaiian genealogies and oral histories hold that sometime around 1600 A.D. a ruler named Pi'ilani united two opposing chiefdoms on Maui into a peaceful kingdom, marking the emergence of a religious state on the island. Archaeologists had been unable to confirm that sequence of events, however, in part because of the limitations of carbon dating. (一种炭14元素测时间技术) In the new work, Patrick V. Kirch and Warren D. Sharp of the University of California and Berkeley used another kind of radiometric technique involving thorium-230, rather than carbon-14, to date bits of branch coral that were collected from living reefs and left as divine offerings at seven different temples during construction.(部分细节定位题) Dates for these corals, which had been incorporated into walls and platform fill, all fell in a narrow range of 1565 to 1638 A.D., give or take a few years on either end. Moreover, dates on the samples that best reflect the time they were harvested from the sea--those from the coral branch tips--ranged from 1608 to 1638 A.D., an interval of just 30 years. These findings thus point to intensive temple-building during that time. Because temples served as centers for control of production and the collection of surplus goods, the team contends, it seems likely that the construction boom accompanied a profound shift in sociopolitical structure. (第二段有细节题,看仔细) Kirch and Sharp observe that the conquests described by local oral traditions coincide with these new dates, and would have more than doubled the size of the Maui polity to upwards of 2,360 square kilometers--the magnitude of expansion expected with the formation of an archaic state. "The temples provide tangible archaeological evidence of the speed with which a fundamental sociopolitical transition occurred in proto-historic Hawaii," the authors conclude. Indeed, they note, it may have happened in the span of a single generation of Hawaiians.(证明夏威夷社会政治的发展比预想快,在一代就完成) 科学家称,M岛上夏威夷古庙兴盛发展并非像先前预计长达约250年,而是在约30年间完成的。这一发现很大程度上改变了学者对当时社会政治发展进程的理解。 夏威夷人后裔和野史一直认为,在公元1600年左右,一位叫P的统治者将M岛上对抗的两国统一成一个新的国家,这是岛上出现宗教的标志。研究人员由于受碳元素追踪技术的限制,无法确认这些事件的时间顺序。 在新的研究中,K和S用一种T-230同位素技术(取代常用的C-14)对一块从7个古庙中找到的礁石上的珊瑚(该珊瑚是当时从活的珊瑚礁上取下作为一种供奉品放在古庙里的)进行时间追踪定位。这些珊瑚是从古庙的墙和屋顶中发现的,定位出的时间落在一段很窄的范围内——公元1565-1638年间(或前后波动几年)。而且,对珊瑚尖部——最能反映真实时间的部分——的定位落在更窄的范围——公元1608-1638年间,仅30年。这些发现显示了当时大范围的建庙活动。因为考虑到古庙在当时是控制商品生产和聚集的中心,研究小组推测,这些建筑的兴起伴随着社会意识形态结构的转变。 K和S考察发现,当地民间记载的“统一过程”和实验测定的新结果时间吻合,而且将M政权领土扩大了一倍到2360平方公里——重要的古代帝国建成与扩张的过程。“这些古庙为古代时期夏威夷基础社会意识形态转变的进程速度提供了考古学依据”,笔者总结道。他们说到,实际上,这一转变可能就发生在一代夏威夷人中。 Q1:TOPIC: 证明夏威夷社会政治的发展比预想快 A 新的证据证明这个文明结构reform非常短 or E novelty技术描述了历史 (不太清楚) 主旨題, 我選的是(B)一個新科技發展導致了。。。。。 CDE不用考慮,但(A)選很混淆,我不選他的關鍵在他說new evidence balabala….但這不是新evidence,所以我認為是(B)選中的new technology or new scientific…. 原文的目的: 选项实在看不出来.我混淆的选项是 A新的证据证明这个文明结构reform非常短 还是E novelty技术描述了历史 Q2 serve vone generation 的作用。 我选:这个文明结构比原想的更uneven. Q3 原文暗示了什么? 其中B是 这个塔primarily是物品(无多余)的交换和集合地.我觉得不像.我选的 是"这个水生植物被装饰到塔得时候还是活的,when harvest time." 选项如此,我也没太读懂. 原文暗示了什么? B. 这个塔primarily是物品(无多余)的交换和集合地.我觉得不像. 我选的是"这个水生植物被装饰到塔得时候还是活的,when harvest time." 选项如此,我也没太读懂. dates on the samples that best reflect the time they were harvested from the sea--those from the coral branch tips--ranged from 1608 to 1638 A.D., an interval of just 30 years.
Because temples served as centers for control of production and the collection of surplus goods, the team contends, |