揽瓜阁 逻辑做题小分队Day138

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Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.

Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?

(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.

(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.

(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.

(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.

(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.

The more viewers a television show attracts, the greater the advertising revenue the show generates. The television network Vidnet’s most popular show, Starlight, currently earns the network’s highest profit, but next year, because of unavoidable increases in production costs, its profits are projected to fall to below the average for Vidnet shows. Therefore, Vidnet would earn greater profits overall if replaced Starlight with a show of average popularity and production costs.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A The average profit of Vidnet shows have increased in each of the last three years.

B Shows that occupy time slots immediately before and after very popular shows tend to have far more viewers than they otherwise would.

C Starlight currently has the highest production costs of all Vidnet shows.

D Last year Vidnet lost money on a weekly show that was  substantially similar to Starlight  And was broadcast on a different day from Starlight.

E Even if, as a result of increased production costs, Starlight becomes less profitable than the average for Vidnet shows, it will still be more profitable than the average for television shows of all networks combined.

参考答案：AB

TheFoggyDew

DB
结构：①其他作者观点：因为污水都通过铅管排放，铅对大多数人的身体健康造成了伤害；②评论者反驳：研究期间并未发现居民铅中毒迹象，铅很可能不是源头。
结构：①电视节目吸引的观众越多，广告收入越多；②V电台最火的S节目目前有最多的利润，但由于明年的制作成本上涨，利润会跌至平均以下；③因此，把S换成平均水平流量和成本的节目可以提升整体利润（需要反驳的点）

gixa09

1.原逻辑
P：使用铅的管道 和 铅中毒 有正相关
C：所以是铅的管道 导致 铅中毒
相关因果推理
文中反驳观点：P: 没有铅中毒的现象，
C: 不是使用铅的管道导致的
果因推理
削弱反驳
A：因为是有铅导致有保护膜，第三独立原因没事没有铅中毒的现象

2.
objetive: 增加利润
plan: 用一个平均水平的流行度和成本的节目替换掉S
（潜在逻辑：流行度和利润有正相关）
方案推理
削弱
B：方案不可行：因为把流行的节目去除会影响到其他的节目的利润，方案的目标没办法达成

_Salaxy_

DB

清影嘿嘿

看一下！               

suzeding

DB 第一题leadpoison不同于health problem
第二题 换掉不仅影响该节目 其它节目也会受影响

yjjy3712

de

麦兜皮皮熊

AB

zyycn

1、现象：部分城市居民用了铅管道但没有铅中毒的症状，原因：铅管道不会引发铅中毒。
问weaken
思考：果因论证，考虑他因削弱。

A：个别地区的水质较硬，因此在管道上形成了保护膜。正确，由于他因所以这些地区没有铅中毒，而不是因为铅管道不会引发铅中毒。
B：在这个时期很多家用设备和产品都含铅。方向反了，加强了管道不是铅中毒的原因。
C：在1920年代铅被加入汽油，这个时期铅中毒很多。方向反了，加强了管道不是铅中毒的原因。
D：用铅管道的一些城市有很高比例的铅暴露相关的症状。重复前提。
E：作者说其他因素导致了传染病的爆发。无关。

选A

2、方案：将S节目替换成其他平均成本和欢迎度的节目，目标：提高利润。
问weaken
思考：方案论证，考虑他因（副作用）削弱。

A：电视台节目的平均利润近三年都增长了。无关。
B：受欢迎的节目会让它前后时间段的节目观众增加。正确，所以把S替换掉以后，会影响其他节目的收视率，从而不一定会提高利润。
C：S节目当前成本最高。方向反了，加强了结论。
D：开了一个类似S的节目，但亏钱了。方向反了，加强了结论。
E：即使S节目在这个电视台的利润比平均利润低，但它比其他所有节目的平均利润高。对比维度无关，只在V电视台内部对比。

选B

Erebuslee

1 书的作者认为水管系统中的铅管导致人们铅中毒，reviewer认为那个时期使用铅管的居民很多都没有中毒，所以水管不是主要原因
问 削弱reviewer——他因削弱/不构成因果
A 一些区域内硬水导致水管内壁形成保护层——铅不会溶解水里——正确，这些人没病不是因为铅没溶解，而是被保护了
B 那时候很多器材用具含铅——无关
C 1920，铅被用于汽油中，这时间很多居民有中毒迹象——和reviewer的逻辑无关，或者说增强
D 其他城市xxxx——无关
E 作者还提到了引发大规模疾病的其他原因——和reviewer的推理无关
==>A

2 由于不可避免的成本增加，S节目的利润小于电视台平均利润。因此，把S换成一个平均成本+平均收益的节目，电视台总利润会升高
问 削弱
A 过去三年电视台总利润增长——和未来无关
B 在火爆节目前后播出的节目会有更高的收视率——所以去掉S影响的还有前后的节目，总利润不一定会增加
C S现在是电视台成本最高的节目——和plan无关
D 去年电视台在一个和S类似的节目上亏损，和S节目不在同一天播出——无关
E 即使S成本上升，利润低于电视台平均值，S仍然比全网电视节目的平均值高——和总利润无关
==>B