揽瓜阁阅读做题小分队 第88天 《纯净食品和药品法》

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Stemming from public outcry following the publication of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, the US Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, which required food and drug companies to include a list of any of a number of known harmful ingredients contained within their products for consumers’ benefit and to not list these ingredients if they were not present. Although Theodore Roosevelt supported the bill and other measures to improve consumer safety, he was skeptical of the benefits of investigative journalism, particularly since The Jungle ’s strong pro-socialist message to workers could incite violence. For similar reasons, Roosevelt had previously refused to release a separate government report on working conditions in the meat industry for fear of inciting social and economic upheaval, including the possibility of wide-spread strikes and even riots in protest of the meat industry’s practices.

More surprising supporters of the bill were leading food companies like Heinz and the Old Taylor Whiskey Company. Industry leaders had already embraced reform and had much higher standards for purity within their products than even the new laws would require, so company executives correctly assumed that greater regulation would simply drive competitors out of business and lead customers to their products. However, meat industry executives continued to oppose the bill until Roosevelt reversed his earlier decision to withhold information from the public about conditions within the factories. The release of this information led to a public outcry that forced the meat packing industry to abandon attempts to pressure members of the House of Representatives to block the bill, leading to the bill’s eventual passage in late 1906.

1. Which of the following, if true, would most clearly justify Theodore Roosevelt’s concerns surrounding the release of the report on the meat packing industry?
A. The release of a document detailing worker safety violations in Colorado mines led to armed conflict between workers and police
B. Consumer safety bills had been introduced to the House previously but had failed to garner support.
C. Socialist pamphlets often led to extensive workers’ strikes even outside the industry they targeted.
D. Ensuring consumer safety did not counter the ill effects of investigative journalism.
E. The report could drive companies out of business, getting rid of competition between the industry.

2. It can be inferred that Sinclair was motivated, at least in part, by a desire to
A. Force lawmakers to investigate factory practices
B. Encourage socialist leanings among workers.
C. Avoid social unrest and worker discontent.
D. Justify greater regulation of the meatpacking industry.
E. Encourage workers to strike and boycott certain companies.

3. The passage suggests that Theodore Roosevelt and the executives from Heinz differed in which of the following ways?
A. The executives were mainly concerned with decreasing competition, while Roosevelt was primarily concerned with worker safety.
B. The executives wanted to take advantage of the strain the new laws would place on competitors, while Roosevelt looked to better protect consumers.
C. Roosevelt wanted to prevent economic and social upheaval, while the executives wanted to benefit from purer products on the market.
D. Roosevelt was heavily influenced by the meat packing industry, while the executives wished to avoid influence from other industries.
E. Roosevelt supported the Pure Food and Drug Act while the executives worked to defeat it in the House of Representatives.

4. Which of the following can be inferred about Theodore Roosevelt?
A. He believed it was more important to prevent civil unrest than to ensure consumer safety.
B. He did not want the working class to be exposed to any socialist ideas.
C. He was not unwilling to change his positions on some issues.
D. He was surprised that Heinz and the Old Taylor Whiskey Company supported the Pure Food and Drug Act.
E. He reluctantly supported the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.

参考答案：

ABBC

眯眼笑

ABBC
第一题定位：Roosevelt had previously refused to release a separate government report on working conditions in the meat industry for fear of inciting social and economic upheaval, including the possibility of wide-spread strikes and even riots in protest of the meat industry’s practices.
第二题定位：Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle; The Jungle ’s strong pro-socialist message to workers could incite violence.
第三题定位：so company executives correctly assumed that greater regulation would simply drive competitors out of business and lead customers to their products.
Theodore Roosevelt supported the bill and other measures to improve consumer safety
C错在后半句，wanted to benefit from purer products on the market. 他们的产品已经是更加purer的了（had much higher standards for purity within their products than even the new laws would require）但有可能在之前的食品法律要求下他们的优势不明显。他们是希望通过更严格的法律把竞争对手挤出去；benefit from的应该是更严格的法律。
第四段定位：老罗就是很不情愿啦，但是敌不过。 until Roosevelt reversed his earlier decision to withhold information;  forced the meat packing industry to abandon attempts to pressure members of the House of Representatives to block the bill

andyhhhh

第一段敘述一個食品標示法規，近期被通過，但之前被阻擋很久，因為羅斯福擔心會引起社會主義群眾抗爭，這個狀況在之前肉類產業也發生過

第二段敘述大型食品公司贊成，因為可以趕走一些競爭者，但他們原本是反對的，直到羅斯福改變立場，這也導致法規很晚才通過

ADCC

setmefree1

9.13 Day3 打卡
1.食药公司要求披露有害成分，带有社会主义信息煽动社会动荡，恶劣工作条件的工作报告，防止潜在的骚乱
2.高标准 法律消除竞争对手，产品收益。肉厂开始反对，引发愤怒，迫使通过
ABBC

屯个名字

文章大意：
就颁布的新法案，Theodore Roosevelt（support,except meat industry-upheaval） 和Heinz and the Old Taylor Whiskey Company (support-decrease competition) 对其各自态度的异同

P1:
1.Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906起源于Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle出版后的公众的强烈抗议
2.Theodore Roosevelt支持该法案，但是担心The Jungle向工人们发出的强烈的亲社会主义信息可能会煽动暴力
3.举例：罗斯福此前曾拒绝发布一份关于肉类行业工作条件的政府报告担心引起暴乱

P2:
1.令人惊讶：该法案的支持者是亨氏和老泰勒威士忌公司等主要食品公司
2.（为什么他们支持？） higher standards for purity within their products——>simply drive competitors out of business and lead customers to their products（减小竞争）
3.Meat industry一直反对，直到Roosevelt同意释放该行业相关信息——>群众施压meat industry,该法案得以通过

Fromager

AECC

ccccherry

CABC

Blanche会努力

CBCC

naturallj

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a dx bc particularly since The Jungle ’s strong pro-socialist message to workers could incite violence.


incite
withhold the information 隐瞒不报