一些语法知识要点！！ 请教NN

longriver2

1. double 的用法
2.capablilty\ability的区别及用法
3.excepy/excepting for 的区别及用法
4.offer的用法




最近看JJ看的语法知识有点忘记 还请NN们解答 谢啦

longriver2

给自己顶

yayun0817

LZ你的问题前3个08PREP语法笔记都有详述。。至于第四个。。我翻了manhattan也没翻到。。
方便大家我就贴出来prep08关于这些问题的解释【全部来源于prep08】

1 double

1）用动词表达倍数：
double/triple/quadruple/quintuple/sextuple ——>这些动词可以做形容词(double还能做adv, predeterminer)
sth. double sth.;        sth. is doubled;       sth. double(adj.);
2）几个永远错误的形式：
(1)produce double； a doubling of;   produce a doubling
(2)as much as twice the apples(much与apples矛盾)（要改为twice as many apples as; sth. double sth.）
*：这几个动词可以用主动也可以用被动，但是不能和as搭配;（差不多记住这句话就可以）


2 ablility/capability
1）capability和ability区别：
ability to do和capability to do区别，在强调某人/物天生具有某种能力用ability好，capability可能强调的是能不能做某事（跟天生没什么关系），如government'capability或transport system's capability等。
1) If we don't take great care, SARS could become established in the poorest nations - places like Burundi, Nigera or Malawi - which have neither the high-tech capability of Toronto nor the totalitarian muscle of China to contain it
2) capability of sth. to be done表一种属性, 非一种主动的能力。
3) capability (of sth.）to do/of doing.
sth’s ability可用在无生命主体:
Additional evidence was provided by negative findings: drugs called adrenergic antagonists, which block peripheral adrenaline receptors, disrupted adrenaline’s ability to regulate memory but did not affect memory enhancements produced by glucose that was not stimulated by adrenaline.

2）习惯用法
capability to do；GMAT认为capability of X-ing/in X-ing是wordy/awkward的。
ability：sb's ability to do sth或ability of sb/sth to do sth
capability to do不如ability to do简洁，但不可就此判错。
be able to do
be capable of doing
have ability to do ； ability of sb. to do
have capability to do doing ； capability of sb. to do doing


3.exceting&except
1）关于excepting：
Excepting usually appears in negative constructions;(excepting多用于否定意义的句子)
eg:The use of excepting is considered by many people to be acceptable only after not, only, always, or without.
Everyone helped, not excepting John.
We must all obey the law, not [without] excepting the king.
Elsewhere except is preferred: Every country agreed to the proposal except (not excepting) Spain;
2）关于Except的各种用法
except for: 用于非同类事物，它的宾语与前述对象完全是两回事。
例如： The room was very cold and, except for Jack, entirely empty.
这个房间很阴冷，而且除了杰克，完全是空荡荡的。
本句中，前述对象是"房间"，而除去的对象是"Jack"，两者毫无关系。

except:指同一类事物的总体中除去一部分，强调的是除去。
例如：He gets up early every day except Sunday.
除星期天外，他每天早起。
有时except与except for可以换用，例如： Except for(=except) John, the whole class passed the test. 全班同学除约翰外，全都通过了考试。
*：GMAT中并不讲究except与except for的区别

except that表达的语意与except近似，只是后面要跟从句。
例： He has always been in good health except that he has had a slight headache in the past few days. 除了在过去几天里有些头痛之外，他身体一直很好。

but:常可与 except互换，强调"不在其中"。
　　　例： Everyone attended the meeting but Mary.大家都出席了这次会议，但玛丽不在其列。
 besides:强调"除此之外，还包括"。
　　例： She can speak French and Japanese besides English.除英语外，她还会讲法语和日语。
 apart from:其含义主要依据上下文而定，有时可与except换用，有时可代替besides.
　　　例： Apart from the coat, the hat doesn't suit me.除价钱太贵，这帽子也不适合我戴。
                           He was well again except for (not excepting) a slight pain in his chest.



第四个我也不知道。。求补充

longriver2

哇！！ 太感谢了！