【每日逻辑练习第三季】【1-1】

qiuhua01234567

1. Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has

solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to

him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any

other detective on the police force.

Which one of the following, if true, most seriously

weakens the argument above?

(A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the

most capable detective, she assigns him only

the most difficult cases, ones that others have

failed to solve.

(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a

neighborhood police officer and was highly

respected by the residents of the

neighborhood he patrolled.

(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl

serves are provided with extensive resources,

including the use of a large computer

database, to help them solve crimes.

(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police

department in another city, and in the 4 years

he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30

crimes.

(E) Many of the officers in the police department in

which Carl serves were hired or promoted

within the last 5 years.

2.Downtown Villieu was once a flourishing business district, but most Villieu-area businesses are now located only in the suburbs.  The office buildings downtown lack the modern amenities most business operators demand today.  To lure more businesses downtown, Villieu officials plan to have several modern office buildings constructed and to offer reduced local tax rates to any business that leases space in a new downtown building.



Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's likelihood of success?

(A) Most of the businesses currently located in downtown Villieu have long-term leases on the space they occupy there.（no tie）

(B) The existing office buildings in downtown Villieu have, on average, a much higher vacancy rate than do office buildings in Villieu's suburbs.（no tie）

(C) The local tax rates in Villieu's suburbs are significantly lower than downtown Villieu's proposed rate for businesses that lease space in the new office buildings.

(D) Most of the businesses that currently lease office space in downtown Villieu also lease office space in Villieu's suburbs.

(E) With the new office buildings, downtown Villieu would have a greater amount of modern office space than any other downtown business district in the region.(no tie)

29Beta Corporation claims that it no longer has enough work for the 60 computer data-entry workers that it is laying off.  These workers have heard, however, that the company is buying 100 new computers.  So the workers concluded that the company's real reason for laying them off is to fill their jobs with lower-paid workers.



Which of the following, if true, would most undermine the workers' conclusion?



(A) Most of the workers being laid off know how to enter data on a number of different computer systems.(no tie)

(B) Orders for almost all of Beta Corporation products have increased over the past year.(no tie)

(C) A recent memorandum from the president of Beta Corporation requested that all data generated by the company be stored in computerized form.(no tie)

(D) Beta Corporation's computer data-entry workers are more experienced and hence more highly paid than people doing comparable work in other companies(no tie).

(E) Beta Corporation's new computers will allow its current management and sales staff to perform many of the tasks that the data-entry workers were previously doing.

Situation:  For five years the Souper restaurant chain has maintained rapid sales growth in Danport, primarily by opening new restaurants that draw patrons away from other restaurants in their vicinity.



Goal:  Souper wishes to achieve continued rapid sales growth in Danport over the next two years.



Proposal for consideration:  Continue to open new restaurants in Danport during the next two years at the same rate as in the last two years.



In light of the situation, which of the following, if true, most strongly argues that adopting the proposal would be an ineffective way of achieving the goal?



(A) At times at which customers find Souper restaurants too crowded, they often go to other restaurants nearby.(S)

(B) The Souper chain has generally opened new restaurants in locations that are in the vicinity of a large number of other restaurants.

(C) Souper restaurants generally offer a much smaller variety of foods than many of the other restaurants in their vicinity.(no tie)

(D) Virtually all potential sites for new Souper restaurants in Danport are located in the vicinity of existing Souper restaurants.

(E) Souper restaurants have always offered meals that are somewhat less expensive than meals at restaurants that compete with Souper for patrons.(no tie)

An unusually severe winter occurred in Europe after the continent was blanketed by a blue haze resulting from the eruption of the Laki Volcano in the European republic of Iceland in the summer of 1984.  Thus, it is evident that major eruptions cause the atmosphere to become cooler than it would be otherwise.



Which of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?



(A) The cooling effect triggered by volcanic eruptions in 1985 was counteracted by an unusual warming of Pacific waters.(S)

(B) There is a strong statistical link between volcanic eruptions and the severity of the rainy season in India.(S)

(C) A few months after El Chichn's large eruption in April 1982, air temperatures throughout the region remained higher than expected, given the long-term weather trends.

(D) The climatic effects of major volcanic eruptions can temporarily mask the general warming trend resulting from an excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.(S)

(E) Three months after an early springtime eruption in South America during the late 19th century, sea surface temperatures near the coast began to fall.(S)

Some airlines allegedly reduce fares on certain routes to a level at which they lose money, in order to drive competitors off those routes.  However, this method of eliminating competition cannot be profitable in the long run.  Once an airline successfully implements this method, any attempt to recoup the earlier losses by charging high fares on that route for an extended period would only provide competitors with a better opportunity to undercut the airline's fares.



Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?



(A) In some countries it is not illegal for a company to drive away competitors by selling a product below cost.(S)

(B) Airline executives generally believe that a company that once underpriced its fares to drive away competitors is very likely to do so again if new competitors emerge.

(C) As part of promotions designed to attract new customers, airlines sometimes reduce their ticket prices to below an economically sustainable level.(no tie)

(D) On deciding to stop serving particular routes, most airlines shift resources to other routes rather than reduce the size of their operations.(no tie)

(E) When airlines dramatically reduce their fares on a particular route, the total number of air passengers on that route increases greatly.(no tie)







Truf的lawyer专区：

大家好，我们今天从weaken开始。先将LAWYER语录摘抄如下：

3．WEAKEN

看原文：找出结论和推出该结论的前提。特别注意结论的特殊性和具体性。

找答案：用结论的具体性去区分有关无关，并结合TEST。对于特殊类，先预测出答案，用此预测去找答案

TEST：问自己，是否该答案使作者再考虑他的观点或迫使作者做出反应或原文该前提能证明该结论吗。

几种特殊类型：

原文前提和结论关系不密切：正确选项直接WEAKEN结论

因果型结论：即原文给出两件事，然后得出结论说是一件事（因）导致另一件事（果）。WEAKEN该结论

的方法包括：A。是其他原因或可能导致该结果。B。割断因果：或有因无果或有果无因。C。因果颠倒了。

D显示因果关系的资料不准确。

条件型结论：结论带条件（即为充分必要）。WEAKEN的方法显示充分条件成立，必要条件可以不成立。

或举反例，或提供有关信息。

原文是类比：WEAKEN方式为两者本质不同

调查：有效性受怀疑（被调查的没代表性等）

我们按照OG题目开始分析weaken:

“Life expectancy” is the average age at death of the

entire live-born population. In the middle of the

nineteenth century, life expectancy in North America

was 40 years, whereas now it is nearly 80 years.

Thus, in those days, people must have been

considered old at an age that we now consider the

prime of life.

Which of the following, if true, undermines the

argument above?

(A)  In the middle of the nineteenth century, the

population of North America was significantly

smaller than it is today.

(B)  Most of the gains in life expectancy in the last

150 years have come from reductions in the

number of infants who die in their first year

of life.

(C)  Many of the people who live to an advanced age

today do so only because of medical technology

that was unknown in the nineteenth century.

(D)  The proportion of people who die in their

seventies is significantly smaller today than is the

proportion of people who die in their eighties.

(E)  More people in the middle of the nineteenth

century engaged regularly in vigorous physical

activity than do so today

对于所有的逻辑题目，第一步不是读题目，是找出题型是什么，我们来看提问的东西：Which of the following, if true, undermines the argument above?

从undermines 我们可以知道，这类型是weaken类型。

第二步：快速的读一遍题目。找出background，premise（evidence）,conclusion（fact），尤其是conclusion,对于解题特别重要。

此题中background:“Life expectancy” is the average age at death of the

entire live-born population. In the middle of the

nineteenth century

Fact: life expectancy in North America

was 40 years, whereas now it is nearly 80 years.

Conclusion:Thus, in those days, people must have been

considered old at an age that we now consider the

prime of life.

我们看lawyer的语句：找答案：用结论的具体性去区分有关无关，并结合TEST。对于特殊类，先预测出答案，用此预测去找答案

什么叫：具体性去区分有关无关。比如说：我要上月球，怎么上？问你怎么上，不是问你什么时候上。什么时候上的选项全部排出。我们来看这题conclusion:people must have been

considered old at an age that we now consider the prime of life.对于选项（A）：你告诉我population有什么用？立马排除选项A，剩下四个选项

第三步：我们来按照lawyer看：因果型结论：即原文给出两件事，然后得出结论说是一件事（因）导致另一件事（果）。WEAKEN该结论

的方法包括：A。是其他原因或可能导致该结果。B。割断因果：或有因无果或有果无因。C。因果颠倒了。

D显示因果关系的资料不准确。

这题明显是因果结论事件：我们这时候来看，关键就在这里：找GAP。可以怎么weaken这个结论呢？A。是其他原因或可能导致该结果。B。割断因果：或有因无果或有果无因。C。因果颠倒了。

明显不是A。看C：也不可能。B：割断因果。怎么割断法？回过头来看OG解释： But

averages can be misleading. What if, in the nineteenth century, the number of infants

born alive but not surviving their first year was far higher than it is today? If this were so,

it would significantly reduce the average age at time of death of the population as a

whole—but of course that population could have contained many who lived well into

their seventies or eighties. h  us, if we add the information that first-year infant mortality

was quite high 150 years ago, the conclusion that 40 years was considered old then would

be much less well supported.

我们明白了：有样本的特殊性存在，也就是lawyer的最后一句话：

调查：有效性受怀疑（被调查的没代表性等）

至此：大功告成。慢着，别慌。检验

问自己，是否该答案使作者再考虑他的观点或迫使作者做出反应或原文该前提能证明该结论吗。

我们来看答案：(B)  Most of the gains in life expectancy in the last 150 years have come from reductions in the number of infants who die in their first year of life.

我们TEST下来，发现没有任何问题，大功告成，confirm

qiuhua01234567

1）在进度总贴中打卡考勤：
a. 每天完成作业后在进度总帖回复：作业日期+作业编号（例如2.22+【3-8】）
b. 不能在当天10点前完成的要提前在进度总贴请假：请假+作业日期+作业编号，补回练习后把作业链接发到本帖。（帖子会提前一晚放出，所以作业规定完成日期为帖子放出后的一天晚上十点前）

2）每日设立讨论当天练习的题目以及其他GMAT问题的时间：
在当期练习的Q群讨论，每晚10点开始，有问题的要准时提出。

3）一系列的练习中有5次以上不完成练习的惩罚就是请离队。
                                                      4）每日跟帖练习模式：
1. 计时看问题和题干，一般在45s内。
2. 先不看选项、不看题干按自己的理解写出逻辑链。
3. 合理推测正确选项的可能方向
4. 看选项，选出正确答案
5. 校对答案，对错误选项给出错误原因和类型的解释，对正确选项分析其与题干逻辑链的关系。                              （请把上述做题过程回复到练习帖子里）
详情请看： http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-664544-1-1.html                                             5）关于每日逻辑练习有任何疑问请到 http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-664544-1-1.html 提出，我们会随时解答。

qiuhua01234567

请大家按照1楼方法做题

qiuhua01234567

BIble解释：This was the first question on one of the Logical Reasoning sections of the

December 2003 LSAT, and provided a nice way to start the section. Law

Services classifies this as an easy question, but as a starting point for our

discussion that is helpful. The structure of the argument is simple, and it is easy

to see why the premise does not undeniably prove the conclusion. The answers

contain several predictable forms, and this is the type of question you should

quickly destroy. You do not need to spend a great deal of time trying to find a

specific prephrased answer because there are so many possibilities, and the

answers can be eliminated without a great deal of time spent considering which

are Losers and which are Contenders.

The stimulus uses a premise about success rate to form a conclusion about

Carl’s competency as a detective. Ask yourself—does the premise prove the

conclusion? No, because there are many factors that could have affected Carl’s

performance. In this sense, the stimulus has incomplete information, and we

should try to discover a relevant piece of information in one of the answer

choices that will shed more light on why Carl’s success rate is so low. Use this

knowledge to make a general prephrase that indicates you are looking for a

piece of information that shows Carl’s success rate is not as low as it seems or

that other factors limited Carl’s performance.

Answer choice (A): This is the correct answer. We discover that Carl receives

the hardest cases, and one would expect that the hardest cases would yield a

lower success rate. Notice that this answer does not attack the premises. Even

though they are still true, the conclusion is undermined by the new evidence.

This is typical of most Weaken questions answers—the premises are not

addressed and the focus is on the conclusion.

Answer choice (B): This answer is irrelevant. It tries to use the opinion of others

about Carl’s performance in one capacity to refute facts about his performance

in another capacity.  ersonalize the answer—is this the answer you would offer

to weaken the argument against Carl if he was your friend?

Answer choice (C): This is an Opposite answer that strengthens the claim that

Carl is incompetent by showing that Carl was not deprived of certain resources

for solving cases.

Answer choice (D): This is another Opposite answer that strengthens the claim

that Carl is incompetent. This time, the answer shows that Carl has a previous

record of poor performance.

Answer choice (E): This answer goes beyond the scope of the argument by

discussing the promotions of other officers. These promotions do not impact

Carl’s job and no information is given about Carl’s promotions. If you are

thinking that perhaps Carl’s poor performance is a result of dissatisfaction over

the promotions of others, then you are assuming too much.

LIAOYA

premise,
He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to

him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any

other detective on the police force.
conclusion
Carl is clearly an incompetent detective
possible answer
perhaps his case is more complex, or the situation in the last 3 years is not necessarily representative of his comphensive performance


2
premise
The office buildings downtown lack the modern amenities most business operators demand today.
conclusion
To lure more businesses downtown, Villieu officials plan to have several modern office buildings constructed and to offer reduced local tax rates to any business that leases space in a new downtown building.
这是一个目的措施型

3
premise
the company is buying 100 new computers.
conclusion
  the company's real reason for laying them off is to fill their jobs with lower-paid workers.
possible answer

the purchase of the new comprters  is insuffcient to lead to the increase of workers

4最开始 我以为是目的措施型， 后来一想是类比
premise  
in the last five years, the souper restaurant chain has remaintained rapid sales growth because of increase of the new restaurants
conclusion
if we continue to open the new restaurant, the sales revenue will increase as well
possible
point out the difference between the current situation and the situation in the past



5premise
An unusually severe winter occurred in Europe after the continent was blanketed by a blue haze resulting from the eruption of the Laki Volcano in the European republic of Iceland in the summer of 1984.
conclusion
Thus, it is evident that major eruptions cause the atmosphere to become cooler than it would be otherwise.
因果型结论
possible answer
它因，（典型的a于b先发生，就说a lead to b)

6premise
Once an airline successfully implements this method, any attempt to recoup the earlier losses by charging high fares on that route for an extended period would only provide competitors with a better opportunity to undercut the airline's fares.
conclusion
However, this method of eliminating competition cannot be profitable in the long run.  
possible answer
the method is profitable, because the competitor expelled out of the routes can not return because of barrier.

Ronniemu

1.    论据：他破的案子比别人少 结论：Carl 是不合格的侦探
思路：数量上他不行那么可以在质量上取胜，他破的案子应该比别人难
A

2.    论据：商业区在郊区原因是市中心大楼缺少modern amenities 结论：建造现代化大楼和提供租赁企业减税政策即可以实现目标
思路：该措施并不是modern amenities
C郊区的税收更低，所以该项计划并不modern amenities

3.    论据：公司新购置了100台计算机   结论：被解雇工人认为公司缺少更多数量的更低廉劳动力
思路：新购置的100台计算机并非解雇工人岗位需用的
E看到了吧，是给别的岗位的人用的

4.    前提：饭店目前通过开分店保持了高速的增长  目标：为了接下来两年保持增长，以相同速度开分店
思路：期初开分店可以得到老客户的市场支撑，当客户群数量增长跟不上分店增长下即维持不了目标
D 潜在市场地段都开了，没有地方在开店了。。貌似跟我预先思路不同，汗。。

5.    论据：blue haze from eruption带来了不寻常严冬 结论：主要是eruption使大气变冷了
思路：打破eruptions使大气变冷或大气变冷带来严冬
D eruptions造成大气变暖

6.    论据：你弥补亏损提价的时候是给竞争对手机会 结论：部分路线降价不是长远之计
思路：提价同样会有客户市场
D将资源转移到其他路线

xunjiejie5

1
Premise: He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective
Answers: maybe Carl has cases which are complex and difficult to detect.

2
Background: Downtown Villieu was once a flourishing business district, but most Villieu-area businesses are now located only in the suburbs.  
Premise: The office buildings downtown lack the modern amenities most business operators demand today.
Conclusion: To lure more businesses downtown, Villieu officials plan to have several modern office buildings constructed and to offer reduced local tax rates to any business that leases space in a new downtown building.

3
Premise: 29Beta Corporation claims that it no longer has enough work for the 60 computer data-entry workers that it is laying off.  These workers have heard, however, that the company is buying 100 new computers.
Conclusion: So the workers concluded that the company's real reason for laying them off is to fill their jobs with lower-paid workers.
Answers: maybe the 100 computers have more advantages so that the company need not so many workers.

4
Background:  For five years the Souper restaurant chain has maintained rapid sales growth in Danport, primarily by opening new restaurants that draw patrons away from other restaurants in their vicinity
Premise: Souper wishes to achieve continued rapid sales growth in Danport over the next two years.
Conclusion: Proposal for consideration:  Continue to open new restaurants in Danport during the next two years at the same rate as in the last two years.
Answers:

5
Premise: An unusually severe winter occurred in Europe after the continent was blanketed by a blue haze resulting from the eruption of the Laki Volcano in the European republic of Iceland in the summer of 1984.  
Conclusion: Thus, it is evident that major eruptions cause the atmosphere to become cooler than it would be otherwise.
Answers: the major eruption may cause the atmosphere to become cooler

6
background: Some airlines allegdly reduce fares on certain routes to a level at which they lose money, in order to drive competitors off those routes.
Premise:  Once an airline successfully implements this method, any attempt to recoup the earlier losses by charging high fares on that route for an extended period would only provide competitors with a better opportunity to undercut the airline's fares.
conclusion: this method of eliminating competition cannot be profitable in the long run.
Answer: if any airline to reduce the prices again, the alleged airlines will reduce the lower price again.

白冬冬

1. Premise:C 完成的工作量比正常少
 Conclusion: C is incompetent
   Weaken: 量多少不能代表能力，还要看完成质量，效果             (A)
2.Background：现在市区商业少了，是由于配套设备少
 remise：加大建设力度，并减税
 Conclusion：能提高商业数量
 Weaken：割断因果。手段目的题，手段达不到效果或手段不可行          (C)
3.Premise：被解雇的人听说新进了设备
 Conclusion：认为被解雇是因为公司要雇用更LOW PAY
  Weaken：同因他果，（给还在公司的人配的，不是给外人）             (E)
4.Background：开店，吸引顾客，sales增加
 remise：继续开店
 Conclusion：还会SALES增加
 Weaken：手段目的题，方法不可行，同2                                                      (D)
5.Premise:1984年eruption，降温
Conclusion：降温就是因为eruption
 Weaken：割断因果，同因反果                    （C）
6.Background: 降fare   以提高竞争力
Premise：先降后       一旦提价      会给对手可乘之机
Conclusion：方法不可行
Weaken：假设不存在，即“一旦不存在”  （E）



第六题有些问题。B如何？是因为权威观点降格处理吗？？？还望讨论！

蓝若痕

话说这几道题都是我今天刚刚做的老PREP里的呢~
1.
1) 计时：10s
2) 逻辑链Situation
Background Information:
Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
Premise:
He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion:
Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
the case that Carl need to handle is much more difficult than others
4) 选项分析：选A  前提-?结论   否A
B.无关   C.无关  D.加强    E.无关

2
1) 计时：16s
2) 逻辑链Situation
Background Information:
Downtown Villieu was once a flourishing business district, but most Villieu-area businesses are now located only in the suburbs.
Premise:
The office buildings downtown lack the modern amenities most business operators demand today. Villieu officials plan to have several modern office buildings constructed and to offer reduced local tax rates to any business that leases space in a new downtown building.
Conclusion:
The plan ‘s goal is To lure more businesses downtown,and the plan will succeed
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
the plan is not attractive enough
4) 选项分析：措施->目的型  说明措施达不到目的即可
A.无关 B.无关 C.即使reduced，还是没有suburb低，依然没有吸引力
D.无关 E.无关

3.
1) 计时：13s
2) 逻辑链Situation
Premise:
data-entry工人被解雇的原因是没有足够的工作。并且公司购买了100台新电脑
Conclusion：
这些工人认为公司真正解雇他们的原因是要用更省钱的人替代他们
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the questionstem)：
The computers are not used for the job that the workersdid
4) 选项分析：ABCD  无关


4.
1) 计时：17s
2) 逻辑链Situation
Background：过去五年S餐厅通过开新餐厅，保持快速的增长
Premise:为了在接下来的两年里，依旧保持和之前一样的增长速度，继续开餐厅
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentallyformulate your answer to the question stem)：
目标无法实现
4) 选项分析：措施à目的型

5.
1) 计时：12s
2) 逻辑链Situation
Premise:在XX火山爆发后，欧洲出现了少见的严冬
Conclusion：火山爆发引起了空气变冷
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the questionstem)：
另有他因造成或者不是由A造成
4) 选项分析：前提à结论型

5.
1) 计时：18s
2) 逻辑链Situation
Background:有些航空公司为了竞争，即使亏钱，也降低特定航线的价格
Premise:一旦该公司实施了该方法，为了弥补之前的损失，会提高价格，这就给了竞争者可机之乘
Conclusion：这种方法长远来看无法盈利
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentallyformulate your answer to the question stem)：
这种方法真的有效，可以获利
4) 选项分析：措施à目的型

daisyの小夢想

很高兴看到那么多朋友一起做练习了~~
蓝若痕mm的格式不错~~
在这里补充一下练习的须知：
1）请计时，记录自己读题干与题目需要花的时间，因为需要营造考试的紧张感。
2）请在读题之后不再看题干来写出逻辑链，用自己的话根据自己的记忆和理解来写，不要单纯的复制粘贴，因为那不是你的理解。
3）请做完练习后到大本营进度贴中打卡，我负责监督大家的作业考勤哈哈。
4）2.21晚贴出的练习为2.22的练习，规定在2.22晚上十点前完成，10pm后在Q群一起讨论当天练习问题。

p.s. 一起奋斗的感觉是最美好的。真心希望大家在这里一起练习，一起讨论，找到出国这条苦逼道路上互相扶持的好朋友^^