【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑2-9】

balapupu

1.    Johnson is on firm ground when he asserts that the early editors of Dickinson’s poetry often distorted her intentions. Yet Johnson’s own, more faithful, text is still guilty of its own forms of distortion. To standardize Dickinson’s often indecipherable handwritten punctuation by the use of the dash is to render permanent a casual mode of poetic phrasing that Dickinson surely never expected to see in print. It implies that Dickinson chose the dash as her typical mark of punctuation when, in fact, she apparently never made any definitive choice at all.
Which of the following best summarizes the author’s main point?  B
(A) Although Johnson is right in criticizing Dickinson’s early editors for their distortion of her work, his own text is guilty of equally serious distortions.
(B) Johnson’s use of the dash in his text of Dickinson’s poetry misleads readers about the poet’s intentions.
(C) Because Dickinson never expected her poetry to be published, virtually any attempt at editing it must run counter to her intentions.
(D) Although Johnson’s attempt to produce a more faithful text of Dickinson’s poetry is well-meaning, his study of the material lacks sufficient thoroughness.
(E) Dickinson’s editors, including Johnson, have failed to deal adequately with the problem of deciphering Dickinson’s handwritten manuscripts.
2.    A law requiring companies to offer employees unpaid time off to care for their children will harm the economic competitiveness of our nation’s businesses. Companies must be free to set their own employment policies without mandated parental-leave regulations.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion of the argument above? C
(A) A parental-leave law will serve to strengthen the family as a social institution in this country.
(B) Many businesses in this country already offer employees some form of parental leave.
(C) Some of the countries with the most economically competitive businesses have strong parental-leave regulations.
(D) Only companies with one hundred or more employees would be subject to the proposed parental-leave law.
(E) In most polls, a majority of citizens say they favor passage of a parental-leave law.
3.   Studies of fatal automobile accidents reveal that, in the majority of cases in which one occupant of an automobile is killed while another survives, it is the passenger, not the driver, who is killed. It is ironic that the innocent passenger should suffer for the driver’s carelessness, while the driver often suffers only minor injuries or none at all.
Which of the following is an assumption underlying the reasoning in the passage above? A
(A) In most fatal automobile accidents, the driver of a car in which an occupant is killed is at fault.
(B) Drivers of automobiles are rarely killed in auto accidents.
(C) Most deaths in fatal automobile accidents are suffered by occupants of cars rather than by pedestrians.
(D) Auto safety experts should increase their efforts to provide protection for those in the passenger seats of automobiles.
(E) Automobile passengers sometimes play a contributing role in causing auto accidents.
4.  Reva: Using extraneous incentives to get teenagers to change their attitude toward school and schoolwork won’t work. Take the program in West Virginia, for instance, where they tried to reduce their dropout rate by revoking the driving licenses of kids who left school. The program failed miserably.
Anne: It’s true that the West Virginia program failed, but many schools have devised incentive programs that have been very successful in improving attendance and reducing discipline problems.
According to Anne, the weak point in Reva’s claim is that it E
(A) fails to consider the possibility that the majority of potential dropouts in West Virginia do not have driving licenses
(B) doesn’t provide any exact figures for the dropout rate in West Virginia before and during the program
(C) ignores a substantial body of evidence showing that parents and employers have been using extrinsic incentives with positive results for years
(D) assumes that a positive incentive—a prize or a reward—will be no more effective than a negative incentive, like the revoking of a driving license
(E) is based on a single example, the incentive program in West Virginia, which may not be typical
5.The following appeared in a memorandum from the owner of Carlo’s Clothing to the staff:
“Since Disc Depot, the music store on the next block, began a new radio advertising campaign last year, its business has grown dramatically, as evidenced by the large increase in foot traffic into the store. While the Disc Depot’s owners have apparently become wealthy enough to retire, profits at Carlo’s Clothing have remained stagnant for the past three years. In order to boost our sales and profits, we should therefore switch from newspaper advertising to frequent radio advertisements like those for Disc Depot.”(124)

balapupu

我要疯了疯了~~怎么字体老是不对啊。。

balapupu

终于好了~~今天我也是把选项都粘上了~我觉得Kivi的上次弄得就蛮好的~大家每个选项都可以分析分析~可惜还没来得及做·~今天又在准备开学的事儿·~好忙啊~~~

纳丁Cat

9-4
1. 50s
Johnson is on firm ground when he asserts that the early editors of Dickinson’s poetry often distorted her intentions. Yet Johnson’s own, more faithful, text is still guilty of its own forms of distortion. To standardize Dickinson’s often indecipherable handwritten punctuation by the use of the dash is to render permanent a casual mode of poetic phrasing that Dickinson surely never expected to see in print. It implies that Dickinson chose the dash as her typical mark of punctuation when, in fact, she apparently never made any definitive choice at all.
Which of the following best summarizes the author’s main point?  B
信息:J说其他人翻译D的诗诗扭曲了D的意思。但是其实他自己扭曲得更厉害，因为为了解释D难懂的手稿标点，J就用破折号来解释。而D绝对不愿意破折号出现在他的诗文出版物上。

推论：J也是扭曲了D的意思。
(A) Although Johnson is right in criticizing Dickinson’s early editors for their distortion of her work, his own text is guilty of equally serious distortions.
(B) Johnson’s use of the dash in his text of Dickinson’s poetry misleads readers about the poet’s intentions.总结上文
(C) Because Dickinson never expected her poetry to be published, virtually any attempt at editing it must run counter to her intentions.
(D) Although Johnson’s attempt to produce a more faithful text of Dickinson’s poetry is well-meaning, his study of the material lacks sufficient thoroughness.
(E) Dickinson’s editors, including Johnson, have failed to deal adequately with the problem of deciphering Dickinson’s handwritten manuscripts.

2. 50s
A law requiring companies to offer employees unpaid time off to care for their children will harm the economic competitiveness of our nation’s businesses. Companies must be free to set their own employment policies without mandated parental-leave regulations.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion of the argument above? C
信息：一个要求公司提供children care的建议伤害了国家经济。公司有权利自己确定员工的规定。

削弱：公司不合理提供 parental-leave regulations.会大大挫伤员工的生产积极性，最后使公司利益下降
(A) A parental-leave law will serve to strengthen the family as a social institution in this country.
(B) Many businesses in this country already offer employees some form of parental leave.
(C) Some of the countries with the most economically competitive businesses have strong parental-leave regulations.结论削弱
(D) Only companies with one hundred or more employees would be subject to the proposed parental-leave law.
(E) In most polls, a majority of citizens say they favor passage of a parental-leave law.

3. 30s
Studies of fatal automobile accidents reveal that, in the majority of cases in which one occupant of an automobile is killed while another survives, it is the passenger, not the driver, who is killed. It is ironic that the innocent passenger should suffer for the driver’s carelessness, while the driver often suffers only minor injuries or none at all.
Which of the following is an assumption underlying the reasoning in the passage above? A
信息：调查发现，致命的车祸往往都是有人死，有人受伤。而死的人常常是乘客。
结论：无辜的乘客为司机的粗心付出了生命，而司机常常受一点伤，或者没有。

假设：这些车祸不是由于乘客的捣乱等等引起的。
(A) In most fatal automobile accidents, the driver of a car in which an occupant is killed is at fault. 前提支持
(B) Drivers of automobiles are rarely killed in auto accidents.
(C) Most deaths in fatal automobile accidents are suffered by occupants of cars rather than by pedestrians.
(D) Auto safety experts should increase their efforts to provide protection for those in the passenger seats of automobiles.
(E) Automobile passengers sometimes play a contributing role in causing auto accidents.

4. 35s
Reva: Using extraneous incentives to get teenagers to change their attitude toward school and schoolwork won’t work. Take the program in West Virginia, for instance, where they tried to reduce their dropout rate by revoking the driving licenses of kids who left school. The program failed miserably.
Anne: It’s true that the West Virginia program failed, but many schools have devised incentive programs that have been very successful in improving attendance and reducing discipline problems.
According to Anne, the weak point in Reva’s claim is that it E
R：通过其他刺激来减少辍学率是没有用的。比如，WV通过没收学生的驾照，效果甚微。
A：但是有些学校通过一些激励措施，效果却很好。

削弱R：用第一样本推整体趋势。
(A) fails to consider the possibility that the majority of potential dropouts in West Virginia do not have driving licenses
(B) doesn’t provide any exact figures for the dropout rate in West Virginia before and during the program
(C) ignores a substantial body of evidence showing that parents and employers have been using extrinsic incentives with positive results for years
(D) assumes that a positive incentive—a prize or a reward—will be no more effective than a negative incentive, like the revoking of a driving license
(E) is based on a single example, the incentive program in West Virginia, which may not be typical 前提削弱

superbat28

1. 1min  这个短文我就从来没读懂过。。今天终于小懂了。。
Info1: A man often says others are distorting Dickson's intention, but he is distorting too.
Info2: Dickson always use unrecongnizable puctuation, but this man use dash instead.
Info3: The dash implies a cause-and-effect reasoning, while Dickson never assumes that reasoning.

Main Conclusion: This man is distorting Dickson's meaning.

2. 35s
Conclusion: Offering such regulation would hamper economic competitives
Presmie: No..........................

Weaken: If we do not offer, then economic competitive will be hamper....   答案好间接啊，别的国家不适用于我怎么办= =


3. 35s
Conclusion: Passengers have to suffer from drivers' fault
Premise: When there is an accident, the killed one is always the passenger not the driver

Assumption: The accident is not resulted by other reason..It is the fault of drivers.

4. 40s  被骗了，被骗了！！！
Conclusion: WV's plan did fail, but many plan succeeded.

Flaw: 我的第一想法就是D！！！！真郁闷。。。

superbat28

to balapupu~每次从word粘到网页上之前，先粘到记事本里，然后再粘过来，这样格式就不会有问题了~

corneliaflower

(⊙o⊙)…   话说这个逻辑是怎么练的  是看完自己推答案  再看选项是否跟自己一样？

balapupu

(⊙o⊙)…   话说这个逻辑是怎么练的  是看完自己推答案  再看选项是否跟自己一样？

-- by 会员 corneliaflower (2011/9/4 20:50:40)

对的

南瓜0729

前两题我大脑短路了
3 35s
调查显示 在事故中 伤亡的大多是乘客而不是司机
结论：乘客为司机的粗心买单

assumption：accident 中 都是司机的错误 不是因为乘客的错

4.43s
R：通过其他刺激来使学生态度转变没有用。举例。。。。是无效的
A：但其他学校一些激励措施，有效。

错误点：以偏概全 只是个例


话说我想知道最后放一个AA的题目是要练习思路么？？

UlysessHope

逻辑菜鸟跟帖答题

。。。s

Johnson is on firm ground when he asserts that the early editors of Dickinson’s poetry often distorted her intentions. Yet Johnson’s own, more faithful, text is still guilty of its own forms of distortion. To standardize Dickinson’s often indecipherable handwritten punctuation by the use of the dash is to render permanent a casual mode of poetic phrasing that Dickinson surely never expected to see in print. It implies that Dickinson chose the dash as her typical mark of punctuation when, in fact, she apparently never made any definitive choice at all.
Which of the following best summarizes the author’s main point?  B

大概意思是：J宣称早期对D的诗歌的编辑们歪曲了D的本意。其实J他自己的编辑也有歪曲。他用破折号的使用标准化了D的一些无法破译的手写标点符号，导致了一种诗歌表述的永久模式{ 题目中casual应该改为causal吧~[casual(临时的)与permanent(永久的)意思矛盾了  a causal mode: 因果模式 }，而这种模式是D并不愿在出版物中看到。这件事暗示出D选择使用破折号时显然没有对破折号的功能给予明确的选择。

(A) Although Johnson is right in criticizing Dickinson’s early editors for their distortion of her work, his own text is guilty of equally serious distortions.  
   没说J是对是错； Equally也不对吧，没说歪曲的程度相同
(B) Johnson’s use of the dash in his text of Dickinson’s poetry misleads readers about the poet’s intentions.  
   ‘Yet Johnson’s own, more faithful, text is still guilty of its own forms of distortion.’的原文复述
(C) Because Dickinson never expected her poetry to be published, virtually any attempt at editing it must run counter to her intentions.        
   只说D不愿看到 a casual mode of poetic phrasing，没说D不愿意诗歌出版，而且貌似偏离题意了~
(D) Although Johnson’s attempt to produce a more faithful text of Dickinson’s poetry is well-meaning, his study of the material lacks sufficient thoroughness.    
   出现well-meaning善意的 这个词，是不是偏离题意了~
(E) Dickinson’s editors, including Johnson, have failed to deal adequately with the problem of deciphering Dickinson’s handwritten manuscripts.  
   作者只说了J他认为早期编辑错，作者自己没说早期编辑到底错没错，而且D的编辑们就只包含J和早期编辑么？


55s
一个要求公司必须提供给其职工不带薪时间来照看职工的孩子的法律 将会损害国家的经济竞争力。
--------------------------结论 公司必须应该不受强制parental-leave的管制，自由设置他们的雇佣制度。
削弱：并不是这个法律损害了国际经济竞争力

37s
许多致命的交通事故揭示出：在大部分的事件中，死亡的是乘客，存活的是司机。
-----------------结论 这讽刺的说明了无辜的生科死于司机的不认真，而司机经常只是受轻伤或不受伤。
假设：

41s
R：在WV，试图通过吊销中途离校的学生驾照来减少辍学率这一举措失败了
      --------------------结论 用外来刺激来使青少年改变对于学校和学业的观点的方法不生效
A：在WV的却失败了，但许多学校通过外来刺激的方法成功的提升了出勤率和减少了违规问题

缺陷：R用了特例推算总体