A proposed change to federal income tax laws would eliminate deductions from taxable income for donations ataxpayer has made to charitable and educational institutions. If this change were adopted, wealthy individualswould no longer be permitted such deductions. Therefore, many charitable and educational institutions wouldhave to reduce services, and some would have to close their doors.
The argument above assumes which of the following?
A proposed change to federal income tax laws would eliminate deductions from taxable income for donations ataxpayer has made to charitable and educational institutions. If this change were adopted, wealthy individualswould no longer be permitted such deductions. Therefore, many charitable and educational institutions wouldhave to reduce services, and some would have to close their doors.
The argument above assumes which of the following?
A Without the incentives offered by federal income tax laws, at least some wealthy individuals would not donate as much money to charitable and educational institutions as they otherwise would have.
B Money contributed by individuals who make their donations because of provisions in the federal tax laws provides the only source of funding for many charitable and educational institutions.
C The primary reason for not adopting the proposed change in the federal income tax laws cited above is to protect wealthy individuals from having to pay higher taxes.
D Wealthy individuals who donate money to charitable and educational institutions are the only individuals who donate money to such institutions.
E Income tax laws should be changed to make donations to charitable and educational institutions the only permissible deductions from taxable income.
A 、B和D都可以算是assumption。但是,既然是选最优答案,只有A是正确的,因为B和D虽然也算是合理的assumption,但是他们却都是建立在A的基础上的,也就是说B和D不是最直接能够把条件和结论联系在一起的桥梁。当然,我个人认为,即便A作为assumption了,条件和结论之间还是有gap,A、B(或A、D)同时作为这题的assumption,才是最为严谨的逻辑。
1 。individuals who make their donations because of provisions in the federal tax laws
这里的individual 与题目中的wealthy individual 在对象上一致与否,这个可能是GMAC的一个trick,但我还没想清楚喔。
2 为什么还是我还是觉得A比B好。
首先,because of provisions in the federal tax laws,是不是就一定意味着 不provision就不会捐款呢?不太确定
其次,即使由because of provisions in the federal tax laws ,可以推出隐含的假设不能provision了就不会捐款了。但是这也是我们经过处理后的的得出的。
B选项体现的还是 是由于provision会捐款(逻辑链中的前提是没有provision会怎么样),也不符合GMAc的味道。
olivia瓜瓜 发表于 2013-11-23 18:38
首先,啦啦可以好好看看这里的B和D貌似说的是一样的东西。
B 这些捐款资金是主要来源,
D 这些人是主要 ...
谢谢瓜瓜~说的好清楚!但是我还是转不过来这个弯儿!我觉得我就是多假设了一步
individuals who make their donations because of provisions in the federal tax laws
就是因为这句话让我觉得暗含了一种关系:他们捐钱是为了避税 那么这项政策没有了他们就不捐钱了。
不捐钱这些慈善机构就没有钱去继续经营了。