OG12 CR122求助

默默楚

The spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale—the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance. Musicologists therefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?
(A) Bone flutes were probably the only musical instrument made by Neanderthals.
(B) No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatonic scale is of an earlier date than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite.
(C) The flute was made from a cave-bear bone and the campsite at which the flute fragment was excavated was in a cave that also contained skeletal remains of cave bears.
(D) Flutes are the simplest wind instrument that can be constructed to allow playing a diatonic scale.
(E) The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale.

B为什么不能support
把B取非，就是说有被发现的比在Neanderthal更早的全音阶乐器，那不就说明西方音乐起源于更早而非1000多年前了吗，削弱了原题，所以B应该是support了啊

海蓝飞飞

好不容易想明白了，在这里mark一下
B选项说，在发现骨笛之前，没有全音阶乐器
如果骨笛能演奏全音阶，B选项也能support结论
但是文中并没有说明这个骨笛能够演奏全音阶，这是一个gap
所以个人认为这题应该是个填补GAP的题，答案是证明骨笛能够演奏全音阶，所以选E
我一开始也选了B，想了好久才想通~~~

IrvingHan

raphaelhpze 发表于 2017-2-27 15:56
简单说一下我对B的看法

B的意思是 在骨笛之前没有乐器被发掘采用了全音阶

同意！               

einfucs

Mark一下！               

Helengyq

要让前提可行或有意义，才能推出结论。B选项不能说明挖出来的骨笛能演奏，而E则使前提成立（即弥补了骨笛足够长所以能吹走全音阶的gap）感谢楼主自己的解释～终于搞懂了～

raphaelhpze

简单说一下我对B的看法

B的意思是 在骨笛之前没有乐器被发掘采用了全音阶

B不能证明 骨笛采用了全音阶

举个简单的例子 在今天之前 没有发现有外星人， 不代表今天有外星人

itssuperoli

The spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale-the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance. Musicologists therefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?
A Bone flutes were probably the only musical instrument made by Neanderthals.   
Only 乐器。无效，杀
B No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatonic scale is of an earlier date than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite.   
还没有比这次发现的还早的全音阶乐器。这样也不能证明这次的四个孔就是全音阶啊。
C The flute was made from a cave-bear bone and the campsite at which the flute fragment was excavated was in a cave that also contained skeletal remains of cave bears.  
同时发现了cave bears的头盖骨。无效，杀
D Flutes are the simplest wind instrument that can be constructed to allow playing a diatonic scale.   
最简单的，无效，杀
E The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale.
这四个孔所在的cavebear 腿骨足够长能摆得下7个（完整的）全音阶。满足，和题干的fragement呼应，说明完整的骨笛是有可能确实能吹奏完整的全音阶的。
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
目的：支持假设。
逻辑：发现骨笛碎片，有四个孔，能吹奏七个全音阶的3456. 因此学者假设全音阶数千年之前就存在了。
Gap：有四个孔，不一定就是全音阶。要找到更充分的条件举证全音阶存在才行。

bonbonjon

我的看法：
发掘出来的四孔骨笛刚刚好能够演奏三到六个音阶的diatomic音乐，而这种音乐是从文艺复兴时期开始流行的七音阶西方音乐。结论：有些音乐家就推断了，diatomic在被西方改良之前的好几千年前就被创作出来了。
如果不看结论，单从前提我们就觉得有问题，这个发掘出来的骨笛演奏音乐是不是只是偶然能演奏？如果要是有偶然性的话，音乐家的推论就不成立。
所以如果要支持音乐家的结论，就要排除这种偶然性，也就是这个笛子本身能演奏完整的diatomic音乐。
一开始我也错选了B，但是后来觉得B项只是说没有其他可能性，但是并没有排除这个笛子自身的偶然性，所以选择针对笛子本身的答案是最贴合实际的。

海蓝飞飞

哈哈，理解了就好，加油！

415lethe

总结下我的思路背景：  一段从穴居人野外露营地出土的骨笛上，四个孔的间隔正是弹奏全音阶的第三个到第六个音节所需要的。全音阶是文艺复兴时期西方常用的有着7个音节的音阶。

结论：Musicologists therefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.  全音阶的音乐在被西方音乐学家采用之前几千年就存在了
增强
GAP：虽然四个孔的间隔是弹奏所用的 但是未必就会弹全音阶啊 也许是误打误撞碰巧4个孔的间隔符合全音阶的条件。
B.        No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatomic scale is of an earlier date than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite.在穴居人露营地上，没有已知的被用来演奏全音阶的乐器 削弱
E 这种山洞灰熊的腿骨足够长，以至于可以造出能吹出完整全音阶的骨笛  填补了GAP
KEY：E