求阅读机经里面的raven的类似原文

ifly

那个连接失效了。 没有没再战的同学以前收藏过这篇类似英文原文啊！！谢谢！！

wangz52

这文章一直觉得哪里做过 就是想不起来。。。翻了好多之前的东西也没找到。。。

jscjkitty

不客气 一起加油

ifly

这是机经里后面附的 你看看可以吗

-- by 会员 jscjkitty (2012/10/15 19:01:09)

谢谢~~~

ifly

谢谢谢谢~~~~~~~~~~

ifly

好的~~~

jscjkitty

这是机经里后面附的 你看看可以吗

jscjkitty

附文章：

Scientists have revealed an unexpectedcandidate for the title of the world's second smartest creature - the raven.According to a pair of researchers, a bird brain is no longer a sign ofstupidity; indeed, it could be a sign of surprising intelligence.

In the latest issue of Scientific American,Bernd Heinrich and Thomas Bugnyar - scientists based at Vermont University inCanada and St Andrews University in Scotland, respectively - reveal a series ofexperiments that provides startling backing for the idea that ravens are thebrainboxes of the natural world. 'These birds use logic to solve problems andsome of their abilities even surpass those of the great apes,' they say.

One startling experiment they outlineinvolved ravens who were allowed to sit on perches from which pieces of meatdangled from string. To get a treat, a raven had to perform a complex series ofactions: pull up some of the string, place a loop on the perch and hold it witha claw, then pull up another section of string and hold that loop on the perch.By repeating this process half a dozen times, a raven could reach the end ofthe string and get the meat.

'Some animals can be taught how to get foodthis way,' Heinrich said. 'However, I found ravens could perform this complexsequence of actions straight away. I was extremely surprised the first time Isaw one of them do this. These birds have never seen string before orencountered meat hanging this way, yet they worked out exactly what they neededto do to get a treat.'

Many animals, birds and insects are capableof carrying out complex actions: nest-building, for example. However, suchcreatures are programmed genetically to undertake the different steps involvedin such behaviour. Little intelligence is involved. By contrast, ravens havedemonstrated that they can work out complex sets of actions, involving no testsor trial and error. This implies that they use logic. 'The birds acted as ifthey knew what they were doing,' the two researchers say in ScientificAmerican. 'Ravens have the ability to test actions in their minds. Thatcapacity is probably lacking, or present only to a limited extent, in mostanimals.'

Other experiments by biologists have shownthat ravens often let other animals do work for them. In the wild, they havebeen known to make calls that bring wolves and foxes to dead animals so thatthese large carnivores can break the carcass apart, making meat accessible tothe birds. Birds related to the raven also show surprising intelligence. TheNew Caledonian crow has been shown to fashion tools of leaves and to use themto extract grubs from crevices in trees, for example.
Scientists such as Heinrich and Bugnyarbelieve that ravens evolved their surprisingly high intelligence because oftheir complex social lives and scavenging lifestyles.

The birds have to be able to assess veryquickly how close to a wolf or fox they can get when one is eating a deadanimal: they need to get close enough to get food, but not be attackedthemselves.However, Heinrich cautioned against stating unequivocally that theraven is the cleverest animal on Earth after humans. 'It is up there with thegreat apes and dolphins,' he said, 'but I think it is very difficult to saywhich is cleverer. There are different types of intelligence. I am good atbiology but hopeless using computers, for example. Nevertheless, it is nowclear the raven is one of the very smartest creatures we know about.'

sweetiessi

是那片特别长还有很多变体的那篇吗？如果是，可以去今年四月的寂静总结里看看，也许有~