【每日逻辑练习第二季】【3-7】

qiuhua01234567

2. Jane:  rofessor Harper’s ideas for modifying the

design of guitars are of no value because there

is no general agreement among musicians as to

what a guitar should sound like and,

consequently, no widely accepted basis for

evaluating the merits of a guitar’s sound.

Mark:  What’s more, Harper’s ideas have had enough

time to be adopted if they really resulted in

superior sound. It took only ten years for the

Torres design for guitars to be almost

universally adopted because of the

improvement it makes in tonal quality.

Which one of the following most accurately

describes the relationship between Jane’s argument

and Mark’s argument?

(A) Mark’s argument shows how a weakness in

Jane’s argument can be overcome.

(B) Mark’s argument has a premise in common

with Jane’s argument.

(C) Mark and Jane use similar techniques to argue

for different conclusions.

(D) Mark’s argument restates Jane’s argument in

other terms.

(E) Mark’s argument and Jane’s argument are

based on conflicting suppositions.

frace

计时：00：45.19
逻辑链：
Jconclusion) H idea for modify guitar design no value
         (premise) because no agreement on guitar should sound like and bais to evaluate merits of sound
        Mpremise) what’s more if result in superior sound H’s idea had enough time to adopt(imply that it was not adopted)
           (premise) T example
推测：M supplement J 不完整 我们可以明确的是 J 和M 的main conclusion都是H’ idea for guitar design no value 但是细看J 和M 的premise    J：本来对于guitar的sound就没有统一答案无法评估好坏--main conclusion  M：if result in superior sound...... T example tonal quality 所以M 是认为guitar声音有好有坏如果H’s idea for design 真的能让guitar有更好的声音 那么他的理论早就被运用了--main conclusion    总结：J 和M 的premise是不一样的 main conclusion是一样的
答案：B 答案为 E
分析选项：
A) Mark’s argument shows how a weakness in Jane’s argument can be overcome.
(B) Mark’s argument has a premise in common with Jane’s argument.(conclusion in common)
(C) Mark and Jane use similar techniques to argue for different conclusions.(different)
(D) Mark’s argument restates Jane’s argument in other terms.（not restate the premise while an argument is the sum of p and con）
(E) Mark’s argument and Jane’s argument are based on conflicting suppositions.

计时：00：43.95
逻辑链：
Background: to reduce crime rate--tough on criminals and harsh prison condition
           One of efforts: deny inma access to college they had in the past
Conslusion: counter the goal
Premise: since  who had taken college course committed far fewer crimes than others
推测：those who had taken..... went through all the tough and harsh conditions mentioned in the plan  those others didnot went through these   to state more clearly and correctly: there are some other factors that make those inma commit fewer crimes other than education in college.
C
选项分析：
A. Not being able to take college-level courses while in prison is unlikely to deter anyone from a crime that he or she might otherwise have committed.
B. Former inmates are no more likely to commit crimes than are members of the general population. 错误对比
C. The group of inmates who chose to take college-level courses were not already less likely than other inmates to commit crimes after being released.
D. Taking high school level courses in prison has less effect on an inmate's subsequent behavior than taking college-level courses does. 错误对比
E. The governor's ultimate goal actually is to gain popularity by convincing people that something effective is being done about crime. （to reduce crime rate）

计时：37.45
逻辑链：
Background: ancient N in an area typhus occcurs, but few skeletons show usual evidence of disease
Premise: Skeletons show deposits of tet(...by bact common in N soil)
         The bact can flourish grain for making N deits
Con:thus tet in food explain low typ among anci N
预测：
Tet was not deposited after ancient N were buried 远了 最直观的应该是 他说tet in food解释了low typ 那么tet in food actually in the body
答案：B
选项分析：
A. Infectious diseases other than typhus to which the ancient Nubians were exposed are unaffected by tetracycline.
B. Tetracycline is not rendered ineffective as an antibiotic by exposure to the processes involved in making bread and beer.
C. Typhus cannot be transmitted by ingesting bread or beer contaminated with the infectious agents of this disease.（能不能无所谓）
D. Bread and beer were the only items in the diet of the ancient Nubians which could have contained tetracycline.（是不是无所谓）
E. Typhus is generally fatal.（介绍t的信息）

计时：29.73
逻辑链：
Background: a study in Pen, servers write thank you on random bills befor presenting to customers
Premise: tips on these bills 3 percent higher than tips on bills without the message
Con: therefore if servers regularly write thank you on biils their average income from tips would be siginificantly higher than otherwise it would have been
预测：
randomly--regularly random means that customers would not see the meaasge often and at one time they see the message they might be surprised and pleased and give more tips, however, if the customers see the meassage too often is that the same as the previous situation? I donnot think so.
答案：B
选项分析：
A. The “Thank you” messages would have the same impact on regular patrons of a restaurant as they would on occasional patrons of the same restaurant.（来店的频率并不能和看到message的频率挂钩 来店的频率低 但是每次来的时候都能看到message）
B. Regularly seeing “Thank you” written on their bills would not lead restaurant patrons to revert to their earlier tipping habits.
C. The written “Thank you” reminds restaurant patrons that tips constitute a significant part of the income of many food servers.（不代表就会tip）
D. The rate at which people tip food servers in Pennsylvania does not vary with how expensive a restaurant is.
E. Virtually all patrons of the Pennsylvania restaurants in the study who were given a bill with “Thank you” written on it left a larger tip than they otherwise would have.


计时：17.75
逻辑链：
From 1973 to 1976  total US consum of cigrettes increased 3.4 percent
                  total sales of chewing tobacco rose 18 percent
                  total population increased 5 percent
预测：两俩关系 如：the per capt consum of cigrettes in 1976 less than that in 1973
答案：B

cyndichiang

精练题：3‘07’‘
成功掉进陷阱里。。
J:premise: what guitar should sound like has not general basis
  conclusion: modifying the design of guitars are of no value
M: premise:the improvement it makes in tonal quality
   conclusion: Torres design for guitars to be almost universally adopted
A) Mark’s argument shows how a weakness in
Jane’s argument can be overcome.------M does not show the weakness
(B) Mark’s argument has a premise in common
with Jane’s argument.-------Shell game.no premise is in common,结论对于的问题是同一个设计吉他是否有价值
(C) Mark and Jane use similar techniques to argue
for different conclusions.--------“Mark and Jane use different techniques to argue for similar conclusions.”
(D) Mark’s argument restates Jane’s argument in
other terms.------do not restate her premise; in contrast, he undermines her premise
(E) Mark’s argument and Jane’s argument are
based on conflicting suppositions.-------correct
the premise that he uses contradicts Jane’s premises. If you simply accept “What’s more” to mean that he is in complete agreement with Jane, you will most certainly miss the question
J 认为没有基本的准则去判断吉他的好坏
M 认为实际上是有方法去判断的            premise不同，但是what’ more，表示M同意J 的结论但是不同意他的premise

苏错

12.17

【精练】

做过的题目。。。来理清逻辑链

Jane: cannot evaluate a guitar sound and determine what
constitutes a better-sounding guitar.

Mark: reason different –if work, then would be adopted

E-conflicting

【逻辑链】

1.assumption –C

2.few of their skeletons show the usual evidence ofthis disease.  

tetracyclinein their food probably explains the low incidence of typhus among ancientNubians.

        B

3.facts: before presenting the bills to theircustomers.

theiraverage income from tips would be significantly higher than it otherwise wouldhave been.

     Assumption—B        Defend support类型

4.Must Be True—B

Elisha728

wuye1990 发表于 2012-2-7 16:02
【每日逻辑练习第二季】【3-7】2. Jane: &nbsprofessor Harper’s ideas for modifying thedesign of gui ...

7'28''
ACBBE

Feelalive

留爪印～～～～～～～～～～～～～

angelann728

找了半天不知道发在哪儿 这里可以么？
1) 计时： 1’’30’ 呃 我原来读这么慢的…
2) 逻辑链Situation
凭记忆填的 可能不完整
(1)Guitar quality improvement is of no value because no agreement.
(2)10 years … tone in quality?  印象不深
ASK: （1）（2）Relationship

3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
(2) is the example/evidence of (1) ?

4) 选项分析：选B
A 没有提到argument的weakness并overcome
B 相似的前提是adopt的前提是agreement
C 没有得到different conclusions
D 没有restate相同的agreement
E没有矛盾的前提假定

1) 计时： 49’
2) 逻辑链Situation
凭记忆填的 可能不完整
Background: 通过弄糟监狱环境改善犯罪率
Premise: 取消读大学课程的机会
Conclusion: however, counter ultimate goal, 因为这些课程可以减少再次犯罪的可能
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Assumption: 补gap：support/prove课程可以减少重复犯罪率 介绍课程内容 或者 传授什么技能 增加工作机会什么的
否他因：并不是其他原因造成这些人重复犯罪率低 否定参加这些课程的人也参加别的 否定调查错误
补个初始比较项：在开课之前 这些人的重复犯罪率和别的犯人一样 （做过原题）
意思模糊的词：inmate、deter from

4) 选项分析：选C
A 很绕的一句：不能参加课程这件事不太可能阻止重复犯罪 直接weaken
B 之前犯罪的人不比普通人更易犯罪 跟取消课程这项措施无关
D 无关选项 跟high-school courses & college courses 程度比较无关
E 无关选项 ultimate goal


1) 计时： 59’
2) 逻辑链Situation
凭记忆填的 可能不完整
（1）N人住在T病高发区，但骨骼里却无。
（2）骨骼里积累一种抗生素，这种抗生素在N人的主食里
结论：抗生素抑制T病

3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Assumption: （1）该抗生素对症T病
（2）食物加工过程中不会对抗生素造成损害
（3）食物中的抗生素可以被人所吸收
4) 选项分析：选B
A 无关选项 其他病
C 无关选项 从没提过T病通过staple传播
D 无关选项 only不only没意义
E无关选项 fatal不fatal无意义

1) 计时： 40’
2) 逻辑链Situation
凭记忆填的 可能不完整
（1）写thank you可以收到更多的小费
结论：regularly 写可以提高平均小费

3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Assumption:
（1）着重把random和regular情况联系起来 regular情况下 顾客不会习惯成自然 不加小费了

4) 选项分析：选B
A 是个迷惑项 其实无关 讲常客和偶尔的客人
C 只要没说remind之后就会给更多就没有补全gap 这是个断桥
D 无关选项 跟商店的奢侈程度无关
E  也算迷惑项 强调的是all 这道题应该强调 regular

1) 计时： 14’
2) 逻辑链Situation
凭记忆填的 可能不完整
烟销售量<５％　chewing烟销售量>5% 人口增长5%

3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Must be true 只有per capita的项才有可能对
4) 选项分析：选B
A profit由销售量*单个利润决定
C 不清楚是买的人少了 还是人买的少了 不能下定论
D 又是profit
E switch 无相关信息证明

conniewj

117 c选项不是否定的意思吗，是说修了college course 犯罪率也不低？？为什么选c

xueluanfei

2.J认为H说要改吉他的想法不靠谱，因为没有一个统一标准
M说，而且H的主意如果靠谱的话，早就应该呗实现了因为已经过去了很久。然后说T的改进只用了十年。

问题问J M两个人说法的关系。。
目测选择M 从另外一个方向支持了J的看法。
下面看选项：
A-weakness错
B-没看懂保留,感觉不太对
C-感觉不对，不是different conclusions
D-好感
E-KILL(conflicting)
选D
这道题选错了，应该选E。J认为没有统一标准所以无法改善，所以H的想法不靠谱。M说对，H的想法确实不靠谱。但是M认为是有办法改进音色的，因为他举了一个T的例子，说你看T就改善了音色而且只用了十年。所以答案应该是，虽然J M两个人都认为H不靠谱，但是他们反对的理由却是相反的。。哭啊。。LAST 给跪了
117.
题目：政府要降低犯罪率。措施是不让犯人们上课了。结论是：这样做是不对的，因为上过课的人被释放之后犯罪率比较低。问假设：
目测：要选择一个如果是假的，政府不让上课的措施就有效地选项。预测有，会在监狱里上课的人本来就不太倾向于犯罪。。。
看选项：
A-看了半天没看懂啥意思。。过。。
B-KILL(FORMER)
C-bingo
D-KILL 跟level有毛关系
E-KILL...not related
A到底在说什么啊啊啊啊：不能去上课不会阻止人们犯罪=去上课可以阻止人们犯罪，选项错，因为是题干里面有已经说过的。
选C

118.说N地区的人骨头上没有发现他们得伤寒。他们骨头上发现了T物质，是一种抗体。这个抗体可以在一种grain上面繁殖。这个grain被用来做他们的面包和啤酒。所以，这个存在于他们食物里面的T可以解释为什么他们不得伤寒。
问假设。
目测：在制作过程中这个T还活着。要选一个如果是假的，T就不是原因的选项。
A-KILL(OTHER DISEASES)
B-GREAT
C-if not true, cannot revert the conclusion.kill
D-KILL
E-KILL
OPTION:B
119
侍者们随机在账单上写谢谢。写了的比不写的消费高。结论是，如果大家都写的话，会拿更多的小费。问假设。
目测：原来会写谢谢的服务生是不是服务质量本来就比较好。。选一个如果是假的，就不会有更多小费的选项
A-....not related(???)（confirm)
B-like this option
c-killed,it is a weaken
d-not related
e-not related

IMO-B
120.说香烟增长了3.4，咀嚼烟草增长了18，人口增长了5.问结论？
目测：人均香烟消耗量变小了；人均咀嚼烟草消耗量增大了；更多的人吃烟草，不吸烟了？
选项：
A-kill NR
B-YES
C-NO...
D-NR KILL
E.不一定switch了。。。可能是习惯变了？？(confirm)
I like B

xueluanfei

原来还有逻辑小分队。。。还有七天考试。。。不知道现在跟还是否来得及了。。T T