【每日逻辑练习第二季】【3-5】

corneliaflower

sorry 各位  真的十分抱歉  又拖了这么多天

【精练】

4. Vervet monkeys use different alarm calls to warn
each other of nearby predators, depending on
whether the danger comes from land or from the air.
Which one of the following, if true, contributes most
to an explanation of the behavior of vervet monkeys
described above?
(A) By varying the pitch of its alarm call, a vervet
monkey can indicate the number of predators
approaching.
(B) Different land-based predators are responsible
for different numbers of vervet monkey
deaths.
(C) No predators that pose a danger to vervet
monkeys can attack both from land and from
the air.
(D) Vervet monkeys avoid land-based predators by
climbing trees but avoid predation from the
air by diving into foliage.
(E) Certain land-based predators feed only on
vervet monkeys, whereas every predator that
attacks vervet monkeys from the air feeds on
many different animals.

【逻辑链】

109. (30048-!-item-!-188;#058&004735) (GWD 29-Q27 different type)
Though sucking zinc lozenges has been promoted as a treatment for the common cold, research has revealed no consistent effect.  Recently, however, a zinc gel applied nasally has been shown to greatly reduce the duration of colds.  Since the gel contains zinc in the same form and concentration as the lozenges, the greater effectiveness of the gel must be due to the fact that cold viruses tend to concentrate in the nose, not the mouth.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. Experimental subjects who used the zinc gel not only had colds of shorter duration but also had less severe symptoms than did those who used a gel that did not contain zinc.
B. The mechanism by which zinc affects the viruses that cause the common cold has not been conclusively established.
C. To make them palatable, zinc lozenges generally contain other ingredients, such as citric acid, that can interfere with the chemical activity of zinc.
D. No zinc-based cold remedy can have any effect unless it is taken or applied within 48 hours of the initial onset of cold symptoms.
E. Drug-company researchers experimenting with a nasal spray based on zinc have found that it has much the same effect on colds as the gel does.
110. (30658-!-item-!-188;#058&005491) (GWD 7-Q17)
Of patients over 65 years old who survived coronary bypass surgery—a procedure widely prescribed for people with heart disease—only 75 percent benefited from the surgery.  Thus it appears that for one in four such patients, the doctors who advised them to undergo this surgery, with its attendant risks and expense, were more interested in an opportunity to practice their skills and in their fee than in helping the patient.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?
A. Many of the patients who receive coronary bypass surgery are less than 55 years old.
B. Possible benefits of coronary bypass surgery include both relief from troubling symptoms and prolongation of life.
C. Most of the patients in the survey decided to undergo coronary bypass surgery because they were advised that the surgery would reduce their risk of future heart attacks.
D. The patients over 65 years old who did not benefit from the coronary bypass surgery were as fully informed as those who did benefit from the surgery as to the risks of the surgery prior to undergoing it.
E. The patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery but who did not benefit from it were medically indistinguishable, prior to their surgery, from the patients who did benefit.
111. (30514-!-item-!-188;#058&005454) (GWD 30-Q27 different type)
Personnel officer:  The exorbitant cost of our health-insurance benefits reflects the high dollar amount of medical expenses incurred by our employees.  Employees who are out of shape, as a group, have higher doctor bills and longer hospital stays than do their colleagues who are fit.  Therefore, since we must reduce our health-insurance costs, we should offer a rigorous fitness program of jogging and weight lifting to all employees, and require employees who are out of shape to participate.  
Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the personnel officer's proposal?
A. The medical expenses incurred by fit people who participate in a program of jogging and weight lifting are less than those incurred by fit people who do not participate in such a program.
B. More otherwise fit people are injured by participating in rigorous jogging and weight-lifting programs than are injured by participating in moderate jogging and weight-lifting programs.
C. The likelihood of incurring medical expenses is slightly greater for people who participate in fitness programs offered by their employers than it is for people who participate in programs offered commercially.
D. Moderate fitness programs increase the average person's fitness to the same extent that rigorous fitness programs do.
E. More health problems and injuries are the result of mandatory participation in a fitness program than are the result of voluntary participation.
112. (32826-!-item-!-188;#058&006832) (GWD 8-Q38)
Unless tiger hunting decreases, tigers will soon be extinct in the wild.  The countries in which the tigers' habitats are located are currently debating joint legislation that would ban tiger hunting.  Thus, if these countries can successfully enforce this legislation, the survival of tigers in the wild will be ensured.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument
A. assumes without sufficient warrant that a ban on tiger hunting could be successfully enforced
B. considers the effects of hunting on tigers without also considering the effects of hunting on other endangered animal species
C. fails to take into account how often tiger hunters are unsuccessful in their attempts to kill tigers
D. neglects to consider the results of governmental attempts in the past to limit tiger hunting
E. takes the removal of an impediment to the tigers' survival as a guarantee of their survival

cyndichiang

精炼： 1‘02’‘
premise： Vervet monkeys use different alarm calls to warn each other of nearby predators, depending on
whether the danger comes from land or from the air
Q：explain
prephrase: the way monkeys avoid predators is different and depends on the direction that predators come

(A) By varying the pitch of its alarm call, a vervet
monkey can indicate the number of predators
approaching.-----irrelevant；" the number"
(B) Different land-based predators are responsible
for different numbers of vervet monkey
deaths.------irrelevant; only talks about and-based condition,not the difference between the two situation
(C) No predators that pose a danger to vervet
monkeys can attack both from land and from
the air.--------that means that monkeys do not release alarm calls any more
(D) Vervet monkeys avoid land-based predators by
climbing trees but avoid predation from the
air by diving into foliage.-----correct,explain the difference between the two situations
(E) Certain land-based predators feed only on
vervet monkeys, whereas every predator that
attacks vervet monkeys from the air feeds on
many different animals.-------irrelevant,if the predators from air don't feed V monkeys, the monkeys needn't release alarm calls any more

逻辑链：
1.33’‘
premise：a zinc gel applied nasally has been shown to greatly reduce the duration of colds
premise: gel contains zinc in the same form and concentration as the lozenges
conclusion:  cold viruses tend to concentrate in the nose, not the mouth
Q:weaken
prephrase: the way to use zinc in not the only difference between the two medicines

2.35''
premise: 1/4 patients experiencing coronary bypass surgery suffered risks and danger
conclusion: doctors who advised these patient were more interested in their personal selfish
Q:Weaken
prephrase: doctors cannot anticipate the risks in advance

3.37''
premise: health insurance benefits lead to the exorbitant cost because of medical expenses
plan:   offering a rigorous fitness program and requiring employees who are out of shape to participate
Q:Support
prephrase: 方案可行：the cost of rigorous fitness program is less than the pay for insurance
没有副作用：employees who are out of shape will not cost more through fitness program

4. 17''
premise:  Unless tiger hunting decreases, tigers will soon be extinct in the wild
conclusion: enforcing legislation in hunting tigers ensures the survival of tigers
Q:weaken:
prephrase: hunting is not the only factor that can cause the extinction of tiger

苏错

【精练】

Bible 题目都做过了，来理理逻辑链吧：

Danger comes from land or from the air àmonkeys use different alarmcalls

Explanation to behavior

D  because their various reactionto different dangers à so they have touse different calls

【逻辑链】

1.    zinc gel applied nasally à reduce theduration of colds. Gel effectiveness must be due to (cold viruses concentratein the nose)

weaken—他因 C

2.    only 75% benefited from the surgery

doctorare more interested in an opportunity than in helping

undermines—E

3.    cost reflects high medical expense

support—A

4.    tigers will soon be extinct in the wild.

Enforce thislegislationà survival oftigers will be ensured.

  Weaken—E

Mendy1991

回复就可以看到隐藏吗？

Mendy1991

怎样才能看到选项啊？不敢乱发帖的弱弱问啊。。。

Elisha728

9'31''
DCDAE

angelann728

1) 计时：17s
2) 逻辑链Situation(刚开始练习先写好完整逻辑链，练习到逻辑链基本清晰的时候尝试尽量简化信息、提炼最精简的逻辑链)：
*完整模式：（凭记忆简填）
monkey alarms depend on whether the predator from land or from air

3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Explain the behavior:
猴子对来自陆地和天上捕食者的应对方法不同

4) 选项分析：选D
A 无关number
B 还是在纠缠number
C 讨论是不是同时attack对猴子区别alarm没有意义
E 无关是否攻击其他动物

1) 计时：90s
2) 逻辑链Situation(刚开始练习先写好完整逻辑链，练习到逻辑链基本清晰的时候尝试尽量简化信息、提炼最精简的逻辑链)：
*完整模式：（凭记忆简填）
两个关键词没读懂
suck v.吸吮 nasally adv.鼻地
（1）suck zinc lo..无用
（2）zinc gel applied nasally 有用
（3）zinc lo...& zinc gel成分一样
Conclusion: viruses concentrate in nose, rather than in mouth.

3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Weaken: 找他因 食道分解药性
zinc gel和体内X作用生效 而zinc lo..不能
概念区分：duration of colds 和 cure colds 不同

4) 选项分析：选C
选了他因 他因正好和我预测的相反一种： zinc lo…含酸抑制了自身zinc的活性

1) 计时：36s
2) 逻辑链Situation(刚开始练习先写好完整逻辑链，练习到逻辑链基本清晰的时候尝试尽量简化信息、提炼最精简的逻辑链)：
*完整模式：（凭记忆简填）
only 75% patients over 65 years old are beneficial from the bypass surgery.
Conclusion: 医生建议the remaining 1/4 patients 做手术是处于练习或经济利益
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Weaken： 在手术之前，无法辨别出哪些病人属于这1/4类型

4) 选项分析：选E

1) 计时：45s
2) 逻辑链Situation(刚开始练习先写好完整逻辑链，练习到逻辑链基本清晰的时候尝试尽量简化信息、提炼最精简的逻辑链)：
*完整模式：（凭记忆简填）
胖人有更高的医疗费
conclusion： 设置健身课给全体员工，并要求out of shape的员工必须参加
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
support： 补gap： 健身课可以改善体形 减少生病（不确定 这算题干已给的么）
强制执行，无例外：不参加的out of shape 员工开除…？

4) 选项分析：选A
B 不比较课程类型
C 与谁开课无关
D 还是在比较课程类型
E 强制和自愿不是重点

1) 计时：34s
2) 逻辑链Situation(刚开始练习先写好完整逻辑链，练习到逻辑链基本清晰的时候尝试尽量简化信息、提炼最精简的逻辑链)：
*完整模式：（凭记忆简填）
(1) tiger extinction is determined solely by tiger hunting.
Conclusion : 多国联合立法若能有效实行，就不会再hunting，就不会再灭亡了。
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
关于违背多国立法如偷猎这种选项都不对 因为已经假设多国立法有效实行了
质疑必要性吧 determined solely不对

4) 选项分析：选E
E takes the removal of an impediment to the tigers’ survival as a guarantee of their survival (可以改作文句)

yscT

4. 精练 【1'05''】
  当危险来自于地上或者空中时猴子用不同的警报
  【解释】
  猜测：空中和地上的危险程度不一样 需要区分开来 采取不一样的措施防护
  选择D
  A无关
  B只说了陆地上的 没有对比 不能解释
  C无关
  D正解
  E无关
109.【2’20''】
 zL治感冒没什么效果，最近zg用喷雾的形式可以减少感冒时间，zg的成份和形式和zl相同
 结论：是因为感冒集中在鼻子里面而不是嘴巴里面
 【削弱】
 猜测：他因
 选择：c
 A：两个都含有zinc，而不是一个含有 另一个不含有
 B：无关
 C：他因 正解
 D：无关
 E：无关比较
110.【2'07''】
 65岁以上的人有X病，75%的人治好了
 结论：25%的人是被当成了试验品
 【削弱】
  猜测：没治病之前也不知道治不好啊
  A.无关
  B.无关
  C.无关 只要是关系到医生的态度问题
  D.无关
  E.医生对于所有的人都想通待遇 说明不是为了pratice skills和fee
111.【46''】
   O：因为保险的cost要增加，很多员工太胖了，胖的比fit的cost要高
   结论：要减少cost 就要设立一个program给胖子锻炼身体
  【加强】
   猜测：锻炼身体可以使他们更健康
         设立pro的cost小于保险的cost
         总之就是要说这个pro是合理的 加强有点 和cost相关
  【56''】
   A.参加了以后会比没参加的cost低
   B。
   C 无关比较
   D 无关比较
   E 反了
112.【29''】
    除非减少捕猎，否则老虎就会灭绝。有一个城市要强制立法，禁止捕猎老虎，
    结论：只要这个立法impose了，老虎就安全了
   【削弱】
   猜测：他因导致老虎灭绝（比较有可能）
         法律漏洞
   【49''】
 
    A。与题设冲突
    B 错误类比
    C 无关
    D 无关
    E 正解 没有考虑阻碍老虎生存的决定因素

fangxiaopei

想请教一下112 的A，用排除法可以选出A，但还是无法正面理解为何参加减肥项目的fit people带来的medical expenses少于不参加减肥项目的fit people可以support？我预想答案是减肥项目花费少于无减肥项目前的medical expenses，思路太过局限……先谢过！！

xueluanfei

4.说猴子用不同的声音警告大家敌人是从天上来的还是从地上来的。问下面那个能解释这种行为？
目测答案：没有头绪。。猴子的天敌有天上也有地下的，大家要采取不同的抵御措施啊？
A-kill.nothing to do with the number
B-kill.only mention land-based
C-sounds good..keep-but it cannot explain why they use different signals.
D-I thinkg this one is better than C
E-kill.
I choose D.
109.说有两种治疗cold的办法，一种是用嘴吸的，一种是放鼻子里的。嘴的不太好使，鼻子的可以缩短感冒周期。因为两种药的成分和浓度都一样，所以结论是引起感冒的病毒必须在鼻子里。问削弱：
目测答案：有其他原因可以解释这个事情。因为鼻子的吸收好？用嘴吃的到胃里面被破坏了？两种应用的病患人群不一样？
A-kill...all about gel
B-kill not related
C-this is the one
D-kill.
E-kill
I like C.
110 只有75%，65岁以上的病人从手术中获益。说明有25%的病人，医生建议他们去做手术只是为了练习自己的技术和赚钱而已。问削弱。
目测答案：对于没有收益的25%，医生不是为了钱和经验。医生根本无法分辨谁会获益谁不会获益。那25%的人如果不做这个手术死得更快。。。
A-kill...under 65
B-kill...cannot weaken
C-kill...cannot weaken
D-kill...cannot weaken
E-hahaha this is the answer!!
I like E!!
111说医药保险太贵了。那些超重的员工花更多的医疗保险钱。所以要给那些超重的员工提供一些激烈运动项目比如说慢跑或者举重，来减少医药支持。问支撑。
目测答案：提供减肥项目确实能降低成本。比如，提供项目的钱不会太贵，那些参加这个项目的所有员工确实会参见而且会减肥，而且减肥之后确实不再去看那么多医生了。不会引发其他的开销。不超重的员工参加了之后不会增加医疗费用。
A-this is ok.can support.
B-weaken...
C-kill...not related
D-kill....weaken
E-kill....not realated
I choose A
112如果再打老虎，老虎就灭绝了。所以有老虎的国家正在讨论联合立法来禁止打老虎。所以一旦法律成功推行了，老虎必然不会面灭绝了。问削弱。
目测答案：法律推行了，大家也不遵守。大家不打老虎了，老虎照样死。老虎就是会死，更立法什么的没啥关系。
A-keep..
B-not related
C-not related
F-not related
E-this one also good
I like E more than A, since A has been indicated in the question.