【每日逻辑练习第二季】【3-1】

corneliaflower

预祝大家新年快乐!!!
大家想象在除夕上CD来吼一声：逻辑链做了没？哈哈，有木有很欢乐。


【精练】
2. Calories consumed in excess of those with which the
body needs to be provided to maintain its weight are
normally stored as fat and the body gains weight.
Alcoholic beverages are laden with calories.
However, those people who regularly drink two or
three alcoholic beverages a day and thereby exceed
the caloric intake necessary to maintain their weight
do not in general gain weight.
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to
resolve the apparent discrepancy?
(A) Some people who regularly drink two or three
alcoholic beverages a day avoid exceeding
the caloric intake necessary to maintain their
weight by decreasing caloric intake from
other sources.
(B) Excess calories consumed by people who
regularly drink two or three alcoholic
beverages a day tend to be dissipated as heat.
(C) Some people who do not drink alcoholic
beverages but who eat high-calorie foods do
not gain weight.
(D) Many people who regularly drink more than
three alcoholic beverages a day do not gain
weight.
(E) Some people who take in fewer calories than
are normally necessary to maintain their
weight do not lose weight.


【逻辑链】

93. (24269-!-item-!-188;#058&000870) (GWD-21-Q38 different type)
Because it was long thought that few people would watch lengthy televised political messages, most televised political advertisements, like commercial advertisements, took the form of short messages.  Last year, however, one candidate produced a half-hour-long advertisement.  At the beginning of the half-hour slot a substantial portion of the viewing public had tuned in to that station.  Clearly, then, many more people are interested in lengthy televised political messages than was previously thought.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. The candidate who produced the half-hour-long advertisement did not win election at the polls.
B. The half-hour-long advertisement was widely publicized before it was broadcast.
C. The half-hour-long advertisement was aired during a time slot normally taken by one of the most popular prime-time shows.
D. Most short political advertisements are aired during a wide range of programs in order to reach a broad spectrum of viewers.
E. In general a regular-length television program that features debate about current political issues depends for its appeal on the personal qualities of the program's moderator.
94. (25027-!-item-!-188;#058&001384) (GWD-17-Q39)
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
On the whole, scientists do their most creative work before age forty, a tendency that has been taken to show that aging carries with it a loss of creative capacity.  An alternative explanation is that by age forty most scientists have worked in their field for fifteen or more years and that by then they have exhausted the opportunity for creative work in that field.  Supporting this explanation is the finding that __________.
A. the average age of recipients of scientific research grants is significantly greater than forty
B. a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond age forty entered their field at an older age than is common
C. many scientists temper their own expectations of what they can achieve in their research work by their belief that their creativity will decline as they age
D. scientists who are older than forty tend to find more satisfaction in other activities, such as teaching and mentoring, than they do in pursuing their own research
E. there is a similar diminution of creativity with age in nonscientific fields, such as poetry and musical composition
95. (28456-!-item-!-188;#058&003043) (GWD-9-24)
For similar cars and drivers, automobile insurance for collision damage has always cost more in Greatport than in Fairmont.  olice studies, however, show that cars owned by Greatport residents are, on average, slightly less likely to be involved in a collision than cars in Fairmont.  Clearly, therefore, insurance companies are making a greater profit on collision-damage insurance in Greatport than in Fairmont.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Repairing typical collision damage does not cost more in Greatport than in Fairmont.
B. There are no more motorists in Greatport than in Fairmont.
C. Greatport residents who have been in a collision are more likely to report it to their insurance company than Fairmont residents are.
D. Fairmont and Greatport are the cities with the highest collision-damage insurance rates.
E. The insurance companies were already aware of the difference in the likelihood of collisions before the publication of the police reports.
96. (28176-!-item-!-188;#058&002907) (GWD-28-Q17)
In the nation of Partoria, large trucks currently account for 6 percent of miles driven on Partoria’s roads but are involved in 12 percent of all highway fatalities.  The very largest trucks—those with three trailers—had less than a third of the accident rate of single- and double-trailer trucks.  Clearly, therefore, one way for Partoria to reduce highway deaths would be to require shippers to increase their use of triple-trailer trucks.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. No matter what changes Partoria makes in the regulation of trucking, it will have to keep some smaller roads off-limits to all large trucks.
B. So far only the best, most experienced drivers for Partorian trucking companies have been driving triple-trailer trucks.
C. Very few fatal collisions involving trucks in Partoria are collisions between two trucks.
D. In Partoria, the safety record of the trucking industry as a whole has improved slightly over the past ten years.
E. In Partoria, the maximum legal payload of a triple-trailer truck is less than three times the maximum legal payload of the largest of the single-trailer trucks.

Lincy123

多余的卡路里会变成脂肪从而增加体重。酒精饮料含有卡路里。每日喝2-3罐酒超出需要摄入的卡路里的人的体重没有增长。
Gap：喝酒的人消耗掉了脂肪；多的卡路里没有变成脂肪
B）超出的卡路里变成了热量消耗掉了 correct


逻辑链题目做过多次不做了

Amaris_1993

oh ,i can't understand. So sad

灵韵

bcbab
最后一个tricky...想了好久。

猫小雯雯

p:alcoholic beverage are laden with calories
C:drink alchoholic exceed the colories mainweight
B

jolenewjy

2. Excessive calories will increase fat and body weight.
Alcoholic beverage contain calories
Everyday consumption with 2/3 beverages does not gain weight
Prediction: 2 or 3 is not excessive amount
93. CP: people do not like long political advertisement
P: last year one person had long advertisement, people tuned in to watch at the beginning
C: people are interested in long ads
Prediction: There are other reasons that cause the increase in tune in other than the ads.
Choice: C
94. P: scientists are creative before age 40
C: they were in the field too long when they reached the age 40 and loss opportunity for creative work
Prediction: long time study will cause the loss of creativity. Age cause brain less productivity.
Choice: D
95. B: damage cost more in G then in F
P: G has less collision than F.
C: more rev in G than in F made by insurance company.
Prediction: The number of cats in G&F are the same. Repair costs are the same
Choice: A
96. B: LT 6% and 12% in highway fatalities.
P: 3 T has less than 1/3 accident than 1 or 2 T
C: increase 3T trucks will decrease death
Prediction:  3T driver drives more carefully and with more skills.
Choice: B

cyndichiang

精炼： 1‘26’‘
premise: 卡路里超过身体所需的热量的时候就会作为脂肪储存而是身体增重
premise：酒含有热量
fact：而那些每天和两到三瓶酒精饮料的人其卡路里量超过维持体重所需的却没有增重
Q：explain
prephrase: two-three alcohol beverages a day have some effects that can lead to the decrease of calories

(A) Some people who regularly drink two or three
alcoholic beverages a day avoid exceeding
the caloric intake necessary to maintain their
weight by decreasing caloric intake from
other sources.--------irrelevant; people who  avoid exceeding the calorie intake主题不对，文章讨论的是people exceed the caloric intake necessary，感觉有点像试图去直接反驳事实，但却超出范围
(B) Excess calories consumed by people who
regularly drink two or three alcoholic
beverages a day tend to be dissipated as heat.-------correct; 解释了为什么喝酒会使卡路里减少
(C) Some people who do not drink alcoholic
beverages but who eat high-calorie foods do
not gain weight.----------irrelevant；people who do not drink alcoholic is out of scope
(D) Many people who regularly drink more than
three alcoholic beverages a day do not gain
weight.--------people who drink more than 3 alcoholic is out of scope
(E) Some people who take in fewer calories than
are normally necessary to maintain their
weight do not lose weight.---------people who take in fewer calories than necessary is irrelevant, since the argument deals with the people who intake excessive calories

苏错

12.11

【精练】1’21

Discrepancy:  Calories are storedas fat. Body gains weight.

People who drink two or three alcoholic beverages a day and exceedthe caloric do not in general gain weight.

Reasons for both side?  

A(This answer, which discusses individuals who avoid exceeding the caloricintake necessary, therefore addresses a different group of people from that inthe stimulus. )

Remember, you must look very closely at the circumstances in thestimulus and make sure that the answer you select matches those circumstances.

A选项根本与前提条件不相符合，文中已经指出exceed the caloric

B. If the excess calories are dissipatedas heat, then there would be no weight gain.  

【逻辑链】

1.    last year  ahalf-hour-long advertisement –public turned to this station à More people areinterested in lengthy televised political messages.

Weaken—C(B选项略纠结，文中At the beginningof the half-hour slot关键点)

2.    complete—B

3.    G>F in insurance cost

G<Fin involving in a collision

SoG>F in making profits

Assumption—C(Aprofit=sale-cost)

提到profits的时候想到revenue和cost；提到sales和revenue的时候，cost不考虑。

4.    large trucks 6% on P

12% of all highway fatalities

Three trailerstruck less than a third of the accident rate à increase the useof triple-trailer trucks

  Weaken—B(排除法，可是感觉B也不对….>…<)都是那些最有经验的人在开三截的卡车，因此车祸少和车市没关系的，是和司机的技术有关，他因削弱。

览物之情

10月25日
1 27s
Background: Calories consumed in excess of those with which the body needs to be provided to maintain its weight are normally stored as fat and the body gains weight.

Alcoholic beverages are laden with calories.
现象：However, those people who regularly drink two or three alcoholic beverages a day and thereby exceed the caloric intake necessary to maintain their weight do not in general gain weight.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to
resolve the apparent discrepancy?现象解释。找到它因，或者说明因果因果问题。
(A)        Some people who regularly drink two or three
alcoholic beverages a day avoid exceeding
the caloric intake necessary to maintain their
weight by decreasing caloric intake from
other sources.
(B) Excess calories consumed by people who
regularly drink two or three alcoholic
beverages a day tend to be dissipated as heat.----correct 找到它因
(C) Some people who do not drink alcoholic
beverages but who eat high-calorie foods do
not gain weight.
(D) Many people who regularly drink more than
three alcoholic beverages a day do not gain
weight.
(E) Some people who take in fewer calories than
are normally necessary to maintain their
weight do not lose weight.

2 27s
Background:Because it was long thought that few people would watch lengthy televised political messages, most televised political advertisements, like commercial advertisements, took the form of short messages.
Premise:  At the beginning of the half-hour slot a substantial portion of the viewing public had tuned in to that station.  
Conclusion: Clearly, then, many more people are interested in lengthy televised political messages than was previously thought.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
因果推理cq1因果有必然联系吗。干扰因素，前提的某个特点使它没有可信度了。把选项放到前提和结论之间
The candidate who produced the half-hour-long advertisement did not win election at the polls.
B. The half-hour-long advertisement was widely publicized before it was broadcast.
C. The half-hour-long advertisement was aired during a time slot normally taken by one of the most popular prime-time shows.----correct干扰因素。
D. Most short political advertisements are aired during a wide range of programs in order to reach a broad spectrum of viewers.
E. In general a regular-length television program that features debate about current political issues depends for its appeal on the personal qualities of the program's moderator.

3 23s
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?(抓住要证明的那部分)
Conclusion: An alternative explanation is that by age forty most scientists have worked in their field for fifteen or more years and that by then they have exhausted the opportunity for creative work in that field.  
Premise:Supporting this explanation is the finding that __________.
A.        the average age of recipients of scientific research grants is significantly greater than forty
B. a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond age forty entered their field at an older age than is common-----correct
C. many scientists temper their own expectations of what they can achieve in their research work by their belief that their creativity will decline as they age
D. scientists who are older than forty tend to find more satisfaction in other activities, such as teaching and mentoring, than they do in pursuing their own research
E. there is a similar diminution of creativity with age in nonscientific fields, such as poetry and musical composition

4 24s
Premise1For similar cars and drivers, automobile insurance for collision damage has always cost more in Greatport than in Fairmont.
Premise2: cars owned by Greatport residents are, on average, slightly less likely to be involved in a collision than cars in Fairmont.
Conclusion: insurance companies are making a greater profit on collision-damage insurance in Greatport than in Fairmont.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
Assumption取非会weaken结论就对了
Repairing typical collision damage does not cost more in Greatport than in Fairmont.----correct
B. There are no more motorists in Greatport than in Fairmont.
C. Greatport residents who have been in a collision are more likely to report it to their insurance company than Fairmont residents are.
D. Fairmont and Greatport are the cities with the highest collision-damage insurance rates.
E. The insurance companies were already aware of the difference in the likelihood of collisions before the publication of the police reports.

5 32s因果推理
Background：In the nation of Partoria, large trucks currently account for 6 percent of miles driven on Partoria’s roads but are involved in 12 percent of all highway fatalities.  
Premise：The very largest trucks—those with three trailers—had less than a third of the accident rate of single- and double-trailer trucks.  
Conclusion：one way for Partoria to reduce highway deaths would be to require shippers to increase their use of triple-trailer trucks.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
干扰因素
A. No matter what changes Partoria makes in the regulation of trucking, it will have to keep some smaller roads off-limits to all large trucks.
B. So far only the best, most experienced drivers for Partorian trucking companies have been driving triple-trailer trucks.----correct
C. Very few fatal collisions involving trucks in Partoria are collisions between two trucks.
D. In Partoria, the safety record of the trucking industry as a whole has improved slightly over the past ten years.
E. In Partoria, the maximum legal payload of a triple-trailer truck is less than three times the maximum legal payload of the largest of the single-trailer trucks.

shen315hu727

不知道隐藏的如何能看到噢