【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-4】

balapupu

新的一期新气象，很高兴看到许多新的战友，逻辑小分队欢迎你们的加入，大家加油哦~~我们一起努力！
【精练】
4. Speaker: Contemporary business firms need to
recognize that avoiding social responsibility
leads to the gradual erosion of power. This is
Davis and Blomstrom’s Iron Law of
Responsibility: “In the long run, those who do
not use power in a manner which society
considers responsible will tend to lose it.” The
law’s application to human institutions
certainly stands confirmed by history. Though
the “long run” may require decades or even
centuries in some instances, society ultimately
acts to reduce power when society thinks it is
not being used responsibly. Therefore, a
business that wishes to retain its power as long
as it can must act responsibly.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most
weakens the speaker’s argument?
(A) Government institutions are as subject to the
Iron Law of Responsibility as business
institutions.
(B) Public relations programs can cause society to
consider an institution socially responsible
even when it is not.
(C) The power of some institutions erodes more
slowly than the power of others, whether they
are socially responsible or not.
(D) Since no institution is eternal, every business
will eventually fail.
(E) Some businesses that have used power in
socially responsible ways have lost it.
---bible-weaken


【逻辑链}】
1.prep 07-13.    


Which of the following most logically completes the argument?


United States manufacturers currently produce most of the world's solar-power generators--most of which are exported to Europe.  However, European manufacturers are emerging and probably will ultimately capture much of the European market.  The United States government is funding initiatives intended to encourage use of solar power within the United States.  If these initiatives succeed in increasing the demand for solar-power generators in the United States, United States manufacturers will probably maintain significant production levels, since __________.


(A) some United States manufacturers have been substantially increasing their output over the last several years
(B) the efficiency of solar-power generators in converting energy from the Sun into electric power is not improving as fast as it once did
(C) just as European manufacturers enjoy certain competitive advantages in Europe, so do United States manufacturers in the United States
(D) European governments are currently undertaking initiatives to stimulate the use of solar power within Europe
(E) the current market for solar-power generators in the United States is very limited


2.prep 07-14.    


The higher the level of certain vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream, the better a person's lung function, as measured by the amount of air the person can expel in one second.  The lung function of smokers is significantly worse, on average, than that of nonsmokers.  Clearly, therefore, one way for smokers to improve their lung function is for them to increase their intake of foods that are rich in these helpful vitamins and minerals.


Which of the following is an assumption on which this argument depends?


(A) Smokers are less likely than nonsmokers to have diets that are rich in vitamins and minerals.
(B) The lung function of smokers whose diets are rich in those vitamins and minerals is generally better than that of nonsmokers with comparable diets.
(C) People whose diets are deficient in those vitamins and minerals do not typically have other health problems in addition to diminished lung function.
(D) Stopping smoking will not typically improve lung function more than any diet changes can.
(E) Smoking does not introduce into the body chemicals that prevent the helpful vitamins and minerals from entering the bloodstream.


3.prep 07-15.    


Astronomer: Observations of the Shoemaker-Levi comet on its collision course with Jupiter showed that the comet broke into fragments before entering Jupiter's atmosphere in 1994, but they did not show how big those fragments were.  In hopes of gaining some indication of the fragments' size, astronomers studied spectrographic analyses of Jupiter's outer atmosphere.  These analyses revealed unprecedented traces of sulfur after the fragments' entry. The fragments themselves almost certainly contained no sulfur, but many astronomers believe that the cloud layer below Jupiter's outer atmosphere does contain sulfur. Since sulfur would have seeped into the outer atmosphere if comet fragments had penetrated this cloud layer, it is likely that some of the fragments were at least large enough to have passed through Jupiter's outer atmosphere without being burned up.


In the astronomer's argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?


(A) The first presents a circumstance for which the astronomer offers an explanation; the second is part of that explanation.
(B) The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.
(C) The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that conclusion.
(D) The first provides evidence in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that weighs against that conclusion.
(E) The first is a judgment advanced in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.


4.prep 07-16.    (27621-!-item-!-188;#058&003223)


Most of the world's supply of uranium currently comes from mines.  It is possible to extract uranium from seawater, but the cost of doing so is greater than the price that uranium fetches on the world market.  Therefore, until the cost of extracting uranium from seawater can somehow be reduced, this method of obtaining uranium is unlikely to be commercially viable.


Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in evaluating the argument?


(A) Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidly being depleted
(B) Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined
(C) Whether there are any technological advances that show promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater
(D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater is significantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land
(E) Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at a cost similar to the cost of extracting it from seawater

Lincy123

P: society will reduce power when business is not responsible
C: a business wants to retain power as long as it can must act responsibly
Logic: not A when not B, so want A must do B, 没有责任就没有power，要有power就一定要有责任。Weaken：有责任不一定有power

a)        Government institution is irrelevant
b)        PR is irrelevant business can retain without responsibility, correct
c)        Some, not prefer
d)        Irrelevant
e)        Correct wrong. Some is not preferred, and can’t hurt conclusion

Bg: us encourage use of solar power in US, because EU may capture the EU market in the future
C: US will maintain production level
P? increased US market should equal to lost EU market

a)        Irrelevant
b)        Irrelevant
c)        The production should increase  US production increases while EU’s decreases – maintain high production
d)        Irrelevant
e)        Weaken

P: high level of certain vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream is good to a person’s lung function
C: intake food that rich V and M will improve smokers’ lung function
Assumption: the V and M in food can go into the bloodstream. Smokers lung function is related to the level of V and M

a)        Not mention lung function. Irrelevant
b)        取非：smoker’s lung function is not better than nonsmokers. irrelevant
c)        取非：少吃v和m的人有肺以外的健康问题。Irrelevant
d)        取非：不抽烟会比改善饮食效果更好。更好不代表不能
e)        Correct。 取非：抽烟阻碍v和m的摄入

C: some fragments were large enough to pass J’s outer atmosphere
P: sulfur would seep into outer atmosphere
Logci : 第二句是c, 第一句支持c
选e

P: the cost of extract u from seawater is greater than the price
C: the method is unlikely to be commercially viable

a)        The price of u might increase. Correct
b)        Irrelevant
c)        Irrelevant
d)        Irrelevant

云栈

1.        44s
P: 从长时间来看那些没有act 社会责任所需要的manner的公司都会失去一些power.
C: 一个公司如果想延长它的power就必须act responsibly.
推测：原题中是延长power-->act responsibly. 要证明act responsibly不是可以让公司延长power的唯一选择；
选项分析：B
A: 无关，不管是政府机构还是business机构都要遵守社会责任
B：提供了另一个不act responsibly的方法
C: 这里说的是保留权利长短的问题，原题所说得是是否保留的问题。
D: 与act无关
E: 这题证明的是act responsible 可能不能延长power，与原题的逻辑链是反的。

2.        36s
B: US 生产了很多太阳能generator，大部分出口到欧洲。但是欧洲的市场是由本地的公司控制的。
P: US政府决定资助这些工厂来鼓励美国人使用US制造的太阳能发电机。
C: 如果这个计划成功，需求量增大，US工厂将可能保持较高的生产水平。
推测：证明即使不去跟欧洲竞争，US内部需求量增加，本地工厂也会竞争。US的生产水平就会提高
选项分析：C
3.32s
B：吸烟的然的lung功能不如不吸烟的人。
P：通过测试每秒呼吸的数量得出，血液中含有某种营养越高，lung的功能越好。
C: 吸烟的人多吃含有这种营养成分的食物是一种有助于肺功能的方法。
推测：证明烟中的某些物质不会影响这些营养；呼出的氧气能完全证明肺功能的好坏。
选项分析：E
4.1min15s
B: 科学家研究一个comet撞到Jupiter之后变成的fragment有多大。
P：发现了只存在于Jupiter大气层下面的硫磺，fragment跑到大气里面才会有硫磺。
C：一些fragment足够大到跑到Jupiter大气层里面。
推测：第一部分陈述了一个事实，这个事实可以用来证明结论；第二部分是结论。
选项分析：E
5.18s
B：铀是从mines中开采出来的。
P：铀也可以从seawater中开采，但是开采的花销大于售价。
C：除非开采的费用降低，否则从seawater中开采这个方法将不会被采用。
推测：是否seawater开采能带来其他收益；是否mines中的量足够
选项分析：A

喜皮

1.--->45s
premise:in the long run, many history instances' demonstration
conclusion:if the firm want to retain power, it should act responsibly and an example to support.
bg info: the company will lose power if it act irresponsibly
prephrase:weaken--->it's not the only reason why the company lose power/acting responsibly will also lose power/no causal relationship
这个也是一个conditional conclusion也就是说要满足某一条件，这个结论才能成立
Airrelevent
Birrelevent
Ckept for the first round.irrelevent point--power erode slowly
Dirrelevent
Ekept for the first round.right
OA:B (B) Public relations programs can cause society to consider an institution socially responsible even when it is not.
这个思路是破坏因果关系让irresponsible action也能retain power
E) Some businesses that have used power in socially responsible ways have lost it.
错因1.混淆了want to retain 和already retain 2.attacking Mistaken Reversal of the conclusion
***结论的推理顺序也非常非常重要，题目的顺序：want to retain--->it should act responsibly，但是E是act responsibly--->lose power这样就反了
Mistaken Reversal of the conclusion, and so the attack is made on a statement that uses the same terms as the conclusion but puts them in
a different relationship

gumgum330

暂时的公司需要知道避免社会责任会导致逐渐地侵蚀权利。这是dbl：在一段时间内，那些不使用权力在某种社会认为应该用的时候会失去这些权利（就是该使用权利的时候不用就会失去他）这种应用也被社会证实，长期以来那些需要数年甚至百年的例子中，社会最终会减少权力当这种权利被认为没有被负责任的使用因此。那些想要尽可能地维持权力的人只要有责任的使用权力
weaken presume：在一种伪装的状态下不负责任的使用权力 就不会被发现  或者被发现的概率很小
或者即便负责任的留下来了 也一定会存在不负责任的时候  或者他因导致不负责任的公司失去权力
(A) Government institutions are as subject to the
Iron Law of Responsibility as business
institutions.---和。。一样受制于law 与结论无关
(B) Public relations programs can cause society to
consider an institution socially responsible
even when it is not.---公共关系能够引起社会去思考一个机构的责任当他不负责的时候 似乎没有啥关系
(C) The power of some institutions erodes more
slowly than the power of others, whether they
are socially responsible or not.---一些机构的权利比另一些更慢不管他们是否有责任，与结论无关
(D) Since no institution is eternal, every business
will eventually fail.---似乎只有这个沾边
(E) Some businesses that have used power in
socially responsible ways have lost it.和结论只要很好的使用权力就不会失去木有多大关系


美国厂家最近生产大部分世界上的太阳能-大多数是出口欧洲。但是欧洲厂家也在产生可能最终获取许多的欧洲市场美国政府用funding去鼓励使用太阳能如果这些手段成功的增加需求在us'，us厂家最终会maintain重要的生产level，因为

(A) some United States manufacturers have been substantially increasing their output over the last several years--以偏概全
(B) the efficiency of solar-power generators in converting energy from the Sun into electric power is not improving as fast as it once did 效率没有提高，似乎还有点与结论方向相反
(C) just as European manufacturers enjoy certain competitive advantages in Europe, so do United States manufacturers in the United States 就像。。。 美国也可以。。 类比 可以
(D) European governments are currently undertaking initiatives to stimulate the use of solar power within Europe欧洲政府采取措施刺激太阳能使用，如果欧洲那些厂商增加供给，美国厂商可能就不会那么多出口了 所以也不一定，所以irrelevant
(E) the current market for solar-power generators in the United States is very limited 份额很小，与保持产量似乎有点相反？

assumption
bg：维他命和矿物在血液里越多，liung的功能越好--这种体现在一秒钟人可以呼吸更多的空气
   那些吸烟者的lung功能比那些不吸烟的差因此一种去提高吸烟者lung的功能的办法就是多吃那些富含维生素和矿物质的东西
简化 肺不好吃维生素--肺功能就好了
？？？吃维生素肺就一定会变好吗


(A) Smokers are less likely than nonsmokers to have diets that are rich in vitamins and minerals.吸变好烟者比不吸烟者更少吃那些富含为生的事物？ 似乎和逻辑链没有关系 吃维生素-肺功能
(B) The lung function of smokers whose diets are rich in those vitamins and minerals is generally better than that of nonsmokers with comparable diets.那些吸烟者多吃维生素的肺功能通常比bu'xi'yan'zhe'hao？/ 和逻辑链没有关系
(C) People whose diets are deficient in those vitamins and minerals do not typically have other health problems in addition to diminished lung function.那些缺少维生素的人通常不会有别的病除了肺功能？？ 更离谱了
(D) Stopping smoking will not typically improve lung function more than any diet changes can. 停止吸烟并不会提高肺功能比那些diet
(E) Smoking does not introduce into the body chemicals that prevent the helpful vitamins and minerals from entering the bloodstream. 吸烟并不会引入那些化学会阻碍维生素吸收的化学物质 bingo 这样就有完整的逻辑链了
吸烟者的肺不好那么吃富含维生素的东西并且吸烟并不会阻止维生素吸收，可以改善肺功能


观察发现comet在和j碰撞的时候comet在进入j大气的时候变成了废片，但是这些废片并没有体现这些碎片有多大。希望得到一些关于碎片尺寸的信息，航天员研究了j的大气。这些分析表示前所未有的s在这些碎片进入后这些碎片是没有含s的但是许多天文学家认为j下面的云层是含s的。因为s会进入外部大气如果这些碎片进入这片云层，一些碎片至少足够大穿过j的大气且没有被烧坏这是可能的

第二个是结论 所以acd gone  b反对结论 明显是支持的 所以是e

(A) The first presents a circumstance for which the astronomer offers an explanation; the second is part of that explanation.
(B) The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.
(C) The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that conclusion.
(D) The first provides evidence in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that weighs against that conclusion.
(E) The first is a judgment advanced in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.

大多数世界的u来自矿物。从海水里提取u是可能的但是这种花费比那些来自世界贸易市场上来的贵因此除非cost能够某种程度的减少，这种方法是不可能是商业可行的
consluon：除非减少花费才使用这种工具


(A) Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidly being depleted陆地上的u是不是正在被快速的用完 可以留着 回答yes的话 那么这种方法即便cost很多也会使用
(B) Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined u是不是靠近在他mind的地方 这和是不是用这种方法没有关系
(C) Whether there are any technological advances that show promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater 是否有一种科技可以减少提取海水中u的钱 似乎有点靠谱  但是结论中有个somewhat 如果减少的钱还不如somewhat 那么似乎就没关系了
(D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater is significantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land 海水中的u是否比land上的多 无关
(E) Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at a cost similar to the cost of extracting it from seawater 是否u从淡水中提取的和海水中的花费差不多 无关

第一题精选错了 还要再努力一下

echo-LUO

1. 削弱
B:
P: Contemporary business firms need to
recognize that avoiding social responsibility
leads to the gradual erosion of power.
C:Therefore, a
business that wishes to retain its power as long
as it can must act responsibly.
漏洞：并不是充要条件
猜想：act responsibly 不一定会retain power
B

2.
B:
P:?
C:If these initiatives succeed in increasing the demand for solar-power generators in the United States, United States manufacturers will probably maintain significant production levels,
猜想：需求增加
E C

3.
B:
P:The higher the level of certain vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream, the better a person's lung function, as measured by the amount of air the person can expel in one second.
C: Clearly, therefore, one way for smokers to improve their lung function is for them to increase their intake of foods that are rich in these helpful vitamins and minerals.
猜想: intake可以被吸收
E

4. 黑脸
B: In hopes of gaining some indication of the fragments' size, astronomers studied spectrographic analyses of Jupiter's outer atmosphere.
P:The fragments themselves almost certainly contained no sulfur, but many astronomers believe that the cloud layer below Jupiter's outer atmosphere does contain sulfur.
C: it is likely that some of the fragments were at least large enough to have passed through Jupiter's outer atmosphere without being burned up.
E(NOT SURE)

5. 削弱
B:
P:It is possible to extract uranium from seawater, but the cost of doing so is greater than the price that uranium fetches on the world market
C:Therefore, until the cost of extracting uranium from seawater can somehow be reduced, this method of obtaining uranium is unlikely to be commercially viable.
猜想:其他方式不需要过多成本
B A

正确率3/5

gmat冲刺

精炼：B
1.计时46s
2. Premise：
Society ultimately acts to reduce power when society thinks it can must act responsibly
Conclusion:
A business that wishes to retain its power as long as it can must act responsibly.
3.猜测：
businesses have ways to pretend that they are responsible even though they are not
4.选项分析
A. Irrelevant, what we discuss here is the business rather than government
B.Correct! If this condition it true, then business can retain its power without responsibity
C. No matter how slowly they erode, they will lose their power one day.
D.Irrelevant, it doesn't hurt the argument
E. Being responsible is the necessity but guarantee

逻辑链:
1、C
33s
Premise:
These initiatives succeed in increasing the demand for solar-power generators in the United States
Conclusion:
United States manufacturers will probably maintain significant production levels
猜测：
American like to use solar-generators made in US
2、E
21s
Premise：
The higher the level of certain vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream, the better a person's ling function
Conclusion:
smokers can improve their lung by increasing their intake of foods that are rich in vitamins
猜测：
smoking does not influence the intake of vitamins
3、E
28s
Premise:
the cloud layer below outer atmosphere contains sulfur; sulfur would have seep into the outer atmosphere if comet fragments had penetrated this cloud layer
Conclusion:
At least some fragments have passed through the outer atmosphere without being burned up
4、A
25s
Premise:
The cost of the method to extract uranium from seawater is too high
Conclusion:
Until the cost can somehow be reduced, this method is unlikely to be commercially viable
猜测：what if the uranium in mines runs out

rachelY

打卡3*
【精练】
4. Speaker: Contemporary business firms need to
recognize that avoiding social responsibility
leads to the gradual erosion of power. This is
Davis and Blomstrom’s Iron Law of
Responsibility: “In the long run, those who do
not use power in a manner which society
considers responsible will tend to lose it.” The
law’s application to human institutions
certainly stands confirmed by history. Though
the “long run” may require decades or even
centuries in some instances, society ultimately
acts to reduce power when society thinks it is
not being used responsibly. Therefore, a
business that wishes to retain its power as long
as it can must act responsibly.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most
weakens the speaker’s argument?
1’32’’
B：发言人：当代企业需要认识到回避社会责任会逐渐导致权利的腐蚀。“长远来看，那些没有以社会认为的负责方式去形式权利的，将最终失去权利。”法律对人类机构组织的应用是经过历史的检验的。尽管“长远”意味着可能需要几十年或甚至是几个世纪，但社会最终会减弱权利当它们没有被有责任的利用。
C：因此，一个想要将它的权力维持得尽可能久的公司必须得act responsibly.
削弱
思路1：如何判断有没有responsible?这个衡量标准是？是否会误判?
(A) Government institutions are as subject to the
Iron Law of Responsibility as business
institutions.谈论新对象，无关
(B) Public relations programs can cause society to
consider an institution socially responsible
even when it is not.对 思路1
(C) The power of some institutions erodes more
slowly than the power of others, whether they
are socially responsible or not.排
(D) Since no institution is eternal, every business
will eventually fail.失败 和 失去权力，排
(E) Some businesses that have used power in
socially responsible ways have lost it.不responsibly一定会失去，但R了不代表不会失去





【逻辑链】
1.prep 07-13.    
Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
United States manufacturers currently produce most of the world's solar-power generators--most of which are exported to Europe.  However, European manufacturers are emerging and probably will ultimately capture much of the European market.  The United States government is funding initiatives intended to encourage use of solar power within the United States.  If these initiatives succeed in increasing the demand for solar-power generators in the United States, United States manufacturers will probably maintain significant production levels, since __________.
38’
B:美国生产商目前生产了世界是大部分的太阳能generator----它们其中大部分出口到欧洲
然而，欧洲生产商正在兴起并且有可能最终占领大部分欧洲市场。
美国政府正提供资金援助去鼓励在美国使用太阳能。如果这些方案成功的增加了美国对太阳能gen的需求，美国生产商可能会继续维持显著的production levels，即使_____________
补全结论
(A) some United States manufacturers have been substantially increasing their output over the last several years没有转折，排
(B) the efficiency of solar-power generators in converting energy from the Sun into electric power is not improving as fast as it once did这个的使用效率，和生产无关
(C) just as European manufacturers enjoy certain competitive advantages in Europe, so do United States manufacturers in the United States排---------------------------正确答案
文章逻辑链：美国人民需求↑-？？？？-美国生产水平↑
一定吗？不一定啊！！美国人民是有这个需求，但他们不一定买本国生产的产品啊，他们可以跑去买欧洲的啊
+此答案的进一步翻译就是：美国生产商能在美国市场获得完全垄断----即美国人民只买它们生产的
所以“正如欧洲生产商垄断欧洲市场，美国生产商也可以垄断美国市场”
(D) European governments are currently undertaking initiatives to stimulate the use of solar power within Europe额，感觉对，这段的意思好像就是想强调美国生产商即将失去它们最大的欧洲市场，但。。。---------做错，回顾逻辑链
(E) the current market for solar-power generators in the United States is very limited目前美国这个市场很有限，纠结D E -----回顾逻辑链，我觉得题目现在就是要使这个因果成立。所以管你美国需求能不能提升上去，我现在题目考虑的就是 如果我美国人民需求上去了，本土公司产量就会提升，该如何证明这个


2.prep 07-14.    
The higher the level of certain vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream, the better a person's lung function, as measured by the amount of air the person can expel in one second.  The lung function of smokers is significantly worse, on average, than that of nonsmokers.  Clearly, therefore, one way for smokers to improve their lung function is for them to increase their intake of foods that are rich in these helpful vitamins and minerals.
Which of the following is an assumption on which this argument depends?
34’
B：一个人血液里某种vitamins & mineral的数量越多，这个人多肺功能越好。肺功能的好坏是通过1s能呼出的空气数量测量的。吸烟者的肺功能平均比不吸烟的人差很多。
C：因此，一种吸烟者增强他们肺功能的方法是多吃富含这些有帮助的V & M.
假设
思路1：架桥 吃这些能使血液里的数量变多
2：取非
(A) Smokers are less likely than nonsmokers to have diets that are rich in vitamins and minerals.错
(B) The lung function of smokers whose diets are rich in those vitamins and minerals is generally better than that of nonsmokers with comparable diets.取非：没有比他们好。有一定道理，但不太想选
(C) People whose diets are deficient不足的 in those vitamins and minerals do not typically have other health problems in addition to diminished lung function.其他疾病，无关
(D) Stopping smoking will not typically improve lung function more than any diet changes can.讲新方法，无关
(E) Smoking does not introduce into the body chemicals that prevent the helpful vitamins and minerals from entering the bloodstream.取非：吸烟阻止这些进入血液---所以吃再多也进不去，没用啊，结论错，正确答案

3.prep 07-15. 不难
Astronomer: Observations of the Shoemaker-Levi comet on its collision course with Jupiter showed that the comet broke into fragments before entering Jupiter's atmosphere in 1994, but they did not show how big those fragments were.  In hopes of gaining some indication of the fragments' size, astronomers studied spectrographic analyses of Jupiter's outer atmosphere.  These analyses revealed unprecedented traces of sulfur after the fragments' entry. The fragments themselves almost certainly contained no sulfur, but many astronomers believe that the cloud layer below Jupiter's outer atmosphere does contain sulfur. Since sulfur would have seeped into the outer atmosphere if comet fragments had penetrated this cloud layer, it is likely that some of the fragments were at least large enough to have passed through Jupiter's outer atmosphere without being burned up.
In the astronomer's argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
1’11’’
Q：碎片有多大？
B：研究表明在碎片进入之后有史无前例的硫磺的痕迹。碎片本身几乎不含硫，但许多宇航员相信J大气层以下的云层含有硫磺。
C：有可能碎片至少大到能不被烧伤地穿过J 的外大气层
BF题
(A) The first presents a circumstance for which the astronomer offers an explanation; the second is part of that explanation.
(B) The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.
(C) The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that conclusion.
(D) The first provides evidence in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that weighs against that conclusion.
against的都错，排B C D
(E) The first is a judgment advanced in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.对

4.prep 07-16.    (27621-!-item-!-188;#058&003223)不难
Most of the world's supply of uranium currently comes from mines.  It is possible to extract uranium from seawater, but the cost of doing so is greater than the price that uranium fetches on the world market.  Therefore, until the cost of extracting uranium from seawater can somehow be reduced, this method of obtaining uranium is unlikely to be commercially viable.
Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in evaluating the argument?
32’
B:世界上大部分的铀是来自于矿山。从海水中提取铀也是可能的，但这个成本高于从世界市场上获得。
C：因此，直到这个成本能削减，这个提取方法才会在商业上可行。
削弱
思路1：矿山挖完了，只能从海水里弄
(A) Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidly being depleted对
(B) Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined无关，排
(C) Whether there are any technological advances that show promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater增强
(D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater is significantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land量多就能挽回高成本吗？排
(E) Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at a cost similar to the cost of extracting it from提到新东西，排

宋痂岛__

B
C
E
E
A

JoeyNO1

1. Conclusion： the company must use the energy in a responsible in order to retain using it
     Weaken: the companies will continue to use the energy and will not obtain that regulation as well
50"
       E--> correct
  A--> government no direct involved in
B--> public relationship sometimes considered as the society responsibility even it is not---> no direct relevant
C--> not relevant
D-->not relevant
2. Conclusion: The UK's manufacturer began to realize the use of solar product might act as a threaten to the united states since mos of the US manufacturer out-port their goods to UK
C--> correct the United states manufacturer will found equally favor in own internal market
A--> the out put  will be declined
B--> the development of the technology no relevant
D--> that is the reason threaten the United states output not  increase them
E--> hesitate about this option
2. Conclusion: the smoker can improve their lung function by dieting certain food with the vet-amine
A-> comparison of the smoker and non-smoker's diet habit no relevant
B--> NON smoker with this diet will maintain better situation than those of the non-smoker lung function--> not in the text