1. Director of Ace Manufacturing Company: Our manufacturing consultant proposes that we reassign staff so that all employees are doing both what they like to do and what they do well. This, she says, will “increase productivity by fully exploiting our available resources.” But Ace Manufacturing has a long-standing commitment not to exploit its workers. Therefore, implementing her recommendations would cause us to violate our own policy. The director’s argument for rejecting the management consultant’s proposal is most vulnerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds? A (A) failing to distinguish two distinct senses of a key term (B) attempting to defend an action on the ground that it is frequently carried out (C) defining a term by pointing to an atypical example of something to which the term applies (D) drawing a conclusion that simply restates one of the premises of the argument (E) calling something by a less offensive term than the term that is usually used to name that thing 2. A large number of drivers routinely violate highway speed limits. Since driving at speeds that exceed posted limits is a significant factor in most accidents, installing devices in all cars that prevent those cars from traveling faster than the speed limit would prevent most accidents. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? C (A) A person need not be a trained mechanic to install the device properly. (B) Most accidents are caused by inexperienced drivers. (C) A driver seldom needs to exceed the speed limit to avoid an accident when none of the other drivers involved are violating the speed limit. (D) Most drivers who exceed the speed limit do so unintentionally. (E) Even if the fines for speed-limit violations were increased, the number of such violations would still not be reduced. 3. In a recession, a decrease in consumer spending causes many businesses to lay off workers or even to close. Workers who lose their jobs in a recession usually cannot find new jobs. The result is an increase in the number of people who are jobless. Recovery from a recession is defined by an increase in consumer spending and an expansion of business activity that creates a need for additional workers, but businesspeople generally have little confidence in the economy after a recession and therefore delay hiring additional workers as long as possible. The statements above, if true, provide most support for which one of the following conclusions? D (A) Recessions are usually caused by a decrease in business people’s confidence in the economy. (B) Governmental intervention is required in order for an economy to recover from a recession. (C) Employees of businesses that close during a recession make up the majority of the workers who lose their jobs during that recession. (D) Sometimes recovery from a recession does not promptly result in a decrease in the number of people who are jobless. (E) Workers who lose their jobs during a recession are likely to get equally good jobs when the economy recovers. 4. Scientists analyzing air bubbles that had been trapped in Antarctic ice during the Earth’s last ice age found that the ice-age atmosphere had contained unusually large amounts of ferrous material and surprisingly small amounts of carbon dioxide. One scientist noted that algae absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The scientist hypothesized that the ferrous material, which was contained in atmospheric dust, had promoted a great increase in the population of Antarctica algae such as diatoms. Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine the scientist’s hypothesis? D (A) Diatoms are a microscopic form of algae that has remained largely unchanged since the last ice age. (B) Computer models suggest that a large increase in ferrous material today could greatly promote the growth of oceanic algae. (C) The dust found in the air bubbles trapped in Antarctica ice contained other minerals in addition to the ferrous material. (D) Sediment from the ocean floor near Antarctica reflects no increase, during the last ice age, in the rate at which the shells that diatoms leave when they die accumulated. (E) Algae that currently grow in the oceans near Antarctica do not appear to be harmed by even a large increase in exposure to ferrous material. 5.The following appeared as part of an article in a weekly newsmagazine: “The country of Sacchar can best solve its current trade deficit problem by lowering the price of sugar, its primary export. Such an action would make Sacchar better able to compete for markets with other sugar-exporting countries. The sale of Sacchar’s sugar abroad would increase, and this increase would substantially reduce Sacchar’s trade deficit.” 啊~~~现在觉得自己好罪恶·~发一下作业就跑掉了~~每天做TPO回来是在是看不进逻辑了啊。。。大家加油吧~~我有心情的时候在补作业吧·~哈哈·~~
1.
BG: Consultant proposed to reassign the workers.Consultant means it will increase the productivity by fully exploiting the available resources.
PM: Director says there is a long-standing commitment that they do not exploit their workers.
Conclusion: Consultant's proposal violate their own policy, so director rejects it.
Weaken: exploit resources does not mean exploit workers.A
2.
BG: Many car drivers violate the high speed limit.
PM: Violating the speed limit is an important factor of car accident.
CC: Installing devices in cars preventing violating the limits would prevent most accidents.
Assumption: there is no other factor than violating speed which leads to car accidents.
答案我不是很明白：C 如果其他司机都不超速的话，那么想要避免车祸就很少需要超速了。
3.
BG: In time of recession-> less consumer-> business lay off workers or close down -> jobless
PM: Recovery of a recession -> more consumer -> expansion of business activity -> need of additional workers,.-> but business have little confidence-> delay hiring workers
CC: After a recession, in the recovery, the jobless populations remains high for a long time. D
4.
BG: Scientists found that during the ice-age, the ice in the Antarctic contains unusually high portion of ferrous materials and low portion of carbon dioxide.
PM: Algae absorbs carbon dioxide.
CC: Ferrous materials prompted the increase in the amount of algae in Antarctic
1.30s premise: consultant proposes that fully exploiting the available resources will increase productivity. counter-premise: the company has a long-standing commitment not to exploit its workers. conclusion: implementing consultant's recommendations would violate the policy of the company. flaw in the reasoning: the term "exploit" has different meanings in their minds~ sorry, i take a peek at the answer....... = =|| answerA) failing to distinguish two distinct senses of a key term
2.20s premise: many drivers routinely violate highway speed limits. premise: driving at speeds that exceed posted limits is a significant factor in most accidents conclusion: installing devices that prevent cars from traveling faster than the speed limit would prevent most accidents. assumption: i have no idea... answerC) A driver seldom needs to exceed the speed limit to avoid an accident when none of the other drivers involved are violating the speed limit. i think that ABDE are all irrelevant if we negate C "A driver needs to exceed the speed limit to avoid an accident", then the cars with devices installed will involve accidents----thus weaken the conclusion. (用英文写太痛苦了 有语法错误或逻辑错误请指正。。 > < ) 另外 not seldom = ??? 求指导~谢谢！！！
3.35s(这题做的太囧了，在题目里找了半天结论。。。。。。。) premise1: a recession----a decrease in consumer spending----businesses lay off workers----an increase in the number of people who are jobless premise2: Recovery from a recession----an increase in consumer spending and an expansion of business activity----creates a need for additional workers counter-premise: businesspeople generally delay hiring additional workers as long as possible. conclusion: (D) Sometimes recovery from a recession does not promptly result in a decrease in the number of people who are jobless.
4.51s premise: the ice-age atmosphere had contained unusually large amounts of ferrous material and surprisingly small amounts of carbon dioxide. additional premise: algae absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere conclusion: the ferrous material had promoted a great increase in the population of Antarctica algae such as diatoms weaken: i have no idea... answerD) Sediment from the ocean floor near Antarctica reflects no increase, during the last ice age, in the rate at which the shells that diatoms leave when they die accumulated. no increase in the rate at which the shells that diatoms leave----no increase in the population of Antarctica algae----the ferrous material had not promoted a great increase in the population of Antarctica algae
1 35s premise1 the consultant suggest :the company gives a chance to their employee to do the things what they like and do these at any time they want. Which means exploiting the available resource. primse2 the prior policy of the company is not like this ,they promise not exploit their employee. conclusion: the consultant's recommendation will violate their policy. vulnerable the consultant' suggestion. 看到答案了~呵呵，回去接着做
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发表于 2011-9-13 16:13:50
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发表于 2011-9-16 10:50:01
A) failing to distinguish two distinct senses of a key term
