【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-15】

fox0923

逻辑汇总贴：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-580862-1-1.html阅读姊妹篇：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html



1.     GWD-17-Q9

Press Secretary:  Ourcritics claim that the President’s recent highway project cancellationsdemonstrate a vindictive desire to punish legislative districts controlled byopposition parties.  They offer asevidence the fact that 90 percent of the projects canceled were in suchdistricts.  But all of the canceled projectshad been identified as wasteful in a report written by respected nonpartisanauditors.  So the President’s choice wasclearly motivated by sound budgetary policy, not partisan politics.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the press secretary’sargument depends?

Answer：Thescheduled highway projects identified as wasteful in the report were not mostlyprojects in districts controlled by the President’s party.

2.        GWD-17-Q30

In a study conducted in Pennsylvania
, servers in various restaurantswrote “Thank you” on randomly selected bills before presenting the bills totheir customers.  Tips on these billswere an average of three percentage points higher than tips on bills withoutthe message.  Therefore, if servers in Pennsylvania regularlywrote “Thank you” on restaurant bills, their average income from tips would besignificantly higher than it otherwise would have been.
Which of the following is an assumption on which theargument relies?

Answer:Regularly seeing “Thank you” written on their billswould not lead restaurant patrons to revert to their earlier tipping habits.

3.        GWD-17-Q41

Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs werecreated.  Will this year bring anotherrecord?  Well, any new manufacturingjob is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a newcompany.  Within existing firms, newjobs have been created this year at well below last year’s record pace.  At the same time, there is considerableevidence that the number of new companies starting up this year will be nohigher than it was last year and there is no reason to think that the newcompanies starting up this year will create more jobs per company than did lastyear’s start-ups.  So clearly, thenumber of new jobs created this year will fall short of last year’s record.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldfaceplay which of the following roles?

Answer:The first is presented as obvious truth on which theargument is based; the second is a judgment advanced in support of the mainconclusion of the argument

4.        GWD-23-Q14

Plantings of cottonbioengineered to produce its own insecticide against bollworms, a major causeof crop failure, sustained little bollworm damage until this year.  This year the plantings are being seriouslydamaged by bollworms.  Bollworms,however, are not necessarily developing resistance to the cotton’sinsecticide.  Bollworms breed on corn,and last year more corn than usual was planted throughout cotton-growingregions.  So it is likely that the cottonis simply being overwhelmed by corn-bred bollworms.

In evaluating the argument,which of the following would be most useful to establish?

Answer: Whetherplantings of cotton that does not produce the insecticide are sufferingunusually extensive damage from bollworms this year

5.        GWD-21-Q4

Which of the following most logically completes thepassage?
Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix) ispotentially fatal; consequently, patients with symptoms strongly suggestingappendicitis almost have their appendix removed. The appropriate surgery islow-risk but performed unnecessarily in about 20 percent of all cases. A newlydeveloped internal scan for appendicitis is highly accurate, producing twomisdiagnoses for every 98 correct diagnoses. Clearly, using this test, doctorscan largely avoid unnecessary removals of the appendix without, however, performing any fewer necessaryones than before, since    .

Answer: the misdiagnoses produced by this test arealways instances of attributing appendicitis to someone who does not, in fact,have it

jenniferlyy125

1. P：critics think that the cancellation is to punish opposite parties, because 90% cancelled were in opposite districts
P: but a nonpartisan auditor said that all cancellation was indentified wasteful
C: the cancellation is not for political reasons but because of budgetary

2。 P：the randomly written “thank you” bill  an average 3% higher tips given
C: if every bill was written thank you, the average income from tips will be higher
【归纳】随意抽取达到的结论应用到regularly一般总体上，前提就是抽取的样本具有代表性。
Assume: the randomly selected phenomenon of higher tips can represent the general behavior of customers

3. principle: new job is created by existing or by start-up.
    there is no reason to think 前提1…so C1

m1nt

1. 40’  
Premise: Canceled projects are wasteful, report by nonpartisan auditors.
Conclusion: President’s choice was motivated by sound budgetary policy, not partisan politics.
Assumption:

2. 20’
Premise: Write "Thank you" on bills—more tips
Conclusion: regularly write, servers tips will be more
Assumption: regularly seeing thank you won’t change customers tip habit

3. 25’
Main conclusion: No more new jobs will be created.
The base of the Premises: New jobs can only be created by new companies or current companies
Premises: 1. Current companies will not create more jobs.
               2. No more new companies will be established, the jobs per company would not be higher.

4. 35’
Premise:  cotton has insecticide against B, B breed on corns, last year more corns
Conclusion: cotton is being overwhelmed by corn-bred bollworms.
Evaluation: cotton has enough insecticide to against B last year

5. 33’
Premise:  old test low risk but a lot unnecessary
         New test high accurate
Conclusion: new test will avoid unnecessary but have fewer necessary ones
Explanation: new test thinks someone who doesn’t have actually has

Cybill

1. 1‘13 难
2. 39'6
Premise: a study
C: more Thank you More Tips
3. 58'5
4.
P: last year corn usual was planted throughout bottom-frowing regions.
C: cotton is simply being overwhelmed by 虫
5. 1'2
P: more accurate
C: use the doctor scan can reduce necessary performance than before

MiaZhang

1.31s
P: cancellation about some projects is audited by non-partisan auditors
C:the cancellation is fair
Assumption: the auditor does not oppose the opposition parties
2.30s
P: servants wrote TY on bill board and as a result the customers paid more tips
C条件性)If all servants wrote TY on board they would increase their average tip income
Assumption: customers will not get used to the TY and change their tip behaviour back to their previous level
3.42s
BF1: evaluation direction
BF2: Premise of one side, support the conclusion
4.42s
P: Cotton bioengineered species are threatened by B, B cannot resist the bioengineered cotton and more corn, on which B fed, are planted widely last year
C: cotton is threatened by the corn B
Evaluate: whether the corn has been planted widely before?
5.44s
P: one scan produced 2 misdiagnoses every 98 correct diagnoses.
C:doctors using this scan can reduce the unnecessary operation while performing fewer necessary ones.
Since: the 2 misdiagnoses are those that diagnose people who have A as patients who have not A

CC5

1. Press Secretary: Our critics claim that the President’s recent highway project cancellations demonstrate a vindictive desire to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties. They offer as evidence the fact that 90 percent of the projects canceled were in such districts. But all of the canceled projects had been identified as wasteful in a report written by respected nonpartisan auditors. So the President’s choice was clearly motivated by sound budgetary policy, not partisan politics.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the press secretary’s argument depends?
有党派的人士的计划总统不能看见(46s)

2. GWD-17-Q30

In a study conducted in Pennsylvania
, servers in various restaurants wrote “Thank you” on randomly selected bills before presenting the bills to their customers. Tips on these bills were an average of three percentage points higher than tips on bills without the message. Therefore, if servers in Pennsylvania regularly wrote “Thank you” on restaurant bills, their average income from tips would be significantly higher than it otherwise would have been.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
所有顾客都会看见27s


3. GWD-17-Q41

Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs were created. Will this year bring another record? Well, any new manufacturing job is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a new company. Within existing firms, new jobs have been created this year at well below last year’s record pace. At the same time, there is considerable evidence that the number of new companies starting up this year will be no higher than it was last year and there is no reason to think that the new companies starting up this year will create more jobs per company than did last year’s start-ups. So clearly, the number of new jobs created this year will fall short of last year’s record.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
1:之前的结论 2:反驳之前结论的结论  50s

4. GWD-23-Q14

Plantings of cotton bioengineered to produce its own insecticide against bollworms, a major cause of crop failure, sustained little bollworm damage until this year. This year the plantings are being seriously damaged by bollworms. Bollworms, however, are not necessarily developing resistance to the cotton’s insecticide. Bollworms breed on corn, and last year more corn than usual was planted throughout cotton-growing regions. So it is likely that the cotton is simply being overwhelmed by corn-bred bollworms.

In evaluating the argument, which of the following would be most useful to establish?
是否corn和cotton是挨在一块长的?38s

5. GWD-21-Q4

Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix) Is potentially fatal; consequently, patients with symptoms strongly suggesting appendicitis almost have their appendix removed. The appropriate surgery Is low-risk but performed unnecessarily in about 20 percent of all cases. A newly developed internal scan for appendicitis is highly accurate, producing two misdiagnoses for every 98 correct diagnoses. Clearly, using this test, doctors can largely avoid unnecessary removals of the appendix without, however, performing any fewer necessary ones than before, since 它能够确切的对症下药..2min….没怎么读懂…