【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-13】

superbat28

每日阅读汇总贴http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html
逻辑姊妹篇：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-580862-1-1.html


NO.1 大全TEST10-2
A manufacturer of men’s dress socks sought to increase profits by increasing sales. The size of its customer pool was remaining steady, with the average customer buying twelve pairs of dress socks per year. The company’s plan was to increase the number of promotional discount-sale periods to one every six months.
Which of the following, if it is a realistic possibility, casts the most serious doubt on the viability of the company’s plan?
A: The manufacturer’s competitors would match its discounts during sale periods, and its customers would learn to wait for those times to make their purchases.
NO.2 大全TEST10-3
Previous studies have indicated that eating chocolate increases the likelihood of getting heart disease. However, a new, more reliable study has indicated that eating chocolate does not increase the likelihood of getting heart disease. When the results of the new study become known, consumption of chocolate will undoubtedly increase.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the conclusion above is based?
A: There are people who currently limit their consumption of chocolate only because they believe that eating chocolate increases the likelihood of getting heart disease.
NO.3 大全TEST10-4
The fossil record shows that the climate of North America warmed and dried at the end of the Pleistocene period. Most of the species of large mammals then living on the continent became extinct, but the smaller mammalian species survived.
Which of the following, if true, provides the best basis for an explanation of the contrast described above between species of large mammals and species of small mammals?
A: Larger mammals have greater food and space requirements than smaller mammals and are thus less able to withstand environmental change.
NO.4 大全TEST10-5
Bonuses at DSR Industries cannot be awarded unless profits exceed a ten percent return on stockholders’ investments in the company. Higher profits mean higher bonuses. Therefore, bonuses in a year of general economic recession will be considerably lower than bonuses in a year of peak profits at DSR.
The conclusion above depends on the assumption that

A: the firm will have relatively low profits in recession years

AA:
(21) The following appeared as part of an editorial in an industry newsletter.
“While trucking companies that deliver goods pay only a portion of highway maintenance costs and no property tax on the highways they use, railways spend billions per year maintaining and upgrading their facilities. The government should lower the railroad companies’ property taxes, since sending goods by rail is clearly a more appropriate mode of ground transportation than highway shipping. For one thing, trains consume only a third of the fuel a truck would use to carry the same load, making them a more cost-effective and environmentally sound mode of transport. Furthermore, since rail lines already exist, increases in rail traffic would not require building new lines at the expense of taxpaying citizens.”

Monica2020

1. 0:30
premise:The size of its customer pool was remaining steady, with the average customer buying twelve pairs of dress socks per year.
conclusion/plan: increase the number of promotional discount-sale periods to one every six months
own idea:ppl ussually don't buy socks every six months( ususally longer than that period

2.0:24
premise: a new, more reliable study has indicated that eating chocolate does not increase the likelihood of getting heart disease.
conclsion: the consumption will increase
assumption: ppl always buy the claim of those studies( people will change their shopping habit because of changes in the study

3.0:24
information 1:  the climate of North America warmed and dried at the end of the Pleistocene period.
information 2: Most large mammals living on the continent became extinct, but the smaller mammalian species survived.
own idea: maybe big mammals cannot withstand hot climate while small ones can.

4.0:27
premise:Bonuses cannot be awarded unless profits exceed a ten percent return on stockholders’ investments
conclusion: bonuses in a year of general economic recession will be considerably lower than bonuses in a year of peak profits at DSR.
assumption:investment stays steady from the economic recession to the year when the profits were peak( the profits during the recession will not be higher than those in a year of peak profits)

进击的智人阿飞

1.  31s
premise: 顾客量一定+每个顾客每年买的袜子数一定   conclusion: 为了提高销量，公司准备推广折扣
weaken: 前提不导致结论，some hamper。 打折后顾客以为质量不好了，就不买了； 袜子很便宜，顾客对价格变动不敏感
2.  24s
premise: 之前的研究表明巧克力对健康有害  + 最新研究，更可靠的研究表明巧克力对健康无害   conclusion: 巧克力销量会上升

assumption: fill the gap。 这些报道会被消费者看到并影响他们的行为； 前提不导致结果的因素不存在， 巧克力的价格没有上升

3. 19 s
premise: 化石表明史前气温的骤升和干旱使很多大型的mammals灭绝 + 小mammals没有灭绝

paradox: 小mammals的特殊技能：躲进洞里

4. 26s
premise： 如果利润超过10% ROE 才会有奖金+奖金与利润正相关    conclusion: 大背景的经济衰退时期没有bonus

assumption:公司没有盈利

5. AA
1 Min 20 s
premise: 高速公路的货车只需要付路维修费不需要付tax+火车需要付路维修费和tax+火车花更少油+铁轨不需要再修不回花更多纳税人的钱
conclusion: 火车不应该付tax


1）两者不一样： 运货数量。货车运货少，重量小，对路危害小。 货火车运货大，对铁轨磨损大； 货车是私人的，路维修费是charge的个人，火车路维修费是charge的铁道局，tax是个人交的，这样才公平
2）应不应该收tax不是follow的那一套规则： 不是因为cost才收tax，而是因为火车噪声大，对它的限制

jenniferlyy125

1. 31’
P: the company want to increase profits by increase sales
P: the size of customer pool is stead
P: the plan is to increase the discount-sale period to twice a year
【目的方案】目的是增加利润。方案是增加打折销售的次数和时期，想增大销量。
削弱。方案不可行，目的达不到。利润=销量*单价。打折的时候单价减少，销量增加不足就会削弱结论，目的达不到，利润减少。The discount-sale cannot Even the sales increase, the price decreased and cannot overrun previous profits.

2. 28’
P：previous study: consume chocolate will increase the probability of heart disease
P: new study: eat choco will not increase HD.
C: consumption of choco will increase
【二人对话】观点1：吃巧克力会增加心脏病患病。观点2：之巧克力不会增加。所以观点2被知道以后，巧克力消费会增加。（因果：因为吃巧克力不会增加心脏病，所以巧克力消费增加。）
Gap：大家相信新观点。/ 得知巧克力和HD无关，一定会吃巧克力。The new study is convincing. / the new study will be widely accepted by public. / after the prove of the new study, people will definitely go to buy choco.

3. 29’
P：the climate at the end of P is warm and dried.
P: most large mammals extinct, while smaller mammals survived
【差异】P时期气候温暖干燥，大型哺乳动物灭绝，但是小型的活下来了。
解释：一个可以说明大的死了小的没事的原因。比如大的新城代谢快，需要水多，而干燥没那么多水。总之提供一个合理原因。
Some reasons kill the large animals but not affect the small animals,

4. 1’17
P：when profits are more than 10 percent of the return, bonus will be awarded.
P: higher profits----higher bonus.
C: bonus in recession will be lower than the bonus in peak period
【因果】当p>1.1R---bonus, profit越大—bonus越大。所以recession bonus<peak bonus. Gap就是默认recession profits< peak profits

大三准备留学

Yvette19 发表于 2013-8-15 07:26
1. 45s

BG1: 某男袜生产商想要通过增加销售量来增加收益。

.................

m1nt

1. 20’
Premise: increase profits by increasing sales
Conclusion: customer size no change, increase the number of promotional discount-sale periods， profits increase
Weaken:

2. 18’
Premise: Study shows that eating chocolate does not increase the risk of heart disease
Conclusion: result of the study become well known, consumption will increase
Assumption: People limit consumption of chocolate only reason is fear of heart disease risk

3. 15
INfo1: P Period weather warmed and dried
Info2: Large mammals extinct, small mammals survive
Resolve: Large mammals cannot withstand the change

4. 36s
Premise: higher profits means higher bonuses
Conclusion: bonuses in a year of economic recession will be lower than in a year of peak profits
Assumption: recession year will have low profits

5. 46’ 超时了
Premise: sending goods by rail is better than highway shipping.
Same load trains consume fuel less than truck
Rail lines already exist, increases in rail traffic would not require building new lines at the expense of taxpaying citizens
Conclusion: lower the railroad companies’ property taxes
Weaken: 1. Train costs more time, more resources, labor, not cost effective
       2. maintain railway needs more money

Yvette19

1. 45s

BG1: 某男袜生产商想要通过增加销售量来增加收益。
BG2：通常平均一位客户每年会买一打袜子。（我漏了半句：客户群的尺码基本维持不变）
Conclusion生产商想借提高打折频率来增加销售量，每半年打个折。

Weaken: 打折起不到促销作用。。

2.  45s
BG:之前的说法是吃巧克力会增加罹患心脏病的几率。最近又有个更可靠的说法是，吃巧克力不增加心脏病几率。
Conclusion：所以巧克力的消费量一定会增加。

Assumption: 人们只会相信新的更可靠的说法。

肿莫办不小心就十二点半了说好的12点半碎觉的呢 我要不要关上抽屉先呜呜呜 还是一口气写完吧加油然后争取快点睡！

3. 30s
化石记录显示P时期末，北美气候变暖并且变干。
于是很多猛犸象的品种都灭绝了，但是有些体型比较小的猛犸象还活着。

Explanation: 可能小象身体小需要的水较少，所以可以适应干燥环境？

4. 45s
BG:只有当股东的收益超过10%，该公司才会发奖金。也就是说高收益则高奖金。
Conclusion 所以在整体经济衰退的某一年中，奖金一定发的比该公司收益顶峰时要少。

Assumption 该公司受整体经济态势影响大，经济衰退收益少，经济繁荣收益高。

5.

flonacui

1 35s
p:increase the promotion sales period to one in six months
g:to increase sales and then to increase profits
weaken:cost-profit benefit, people do not need more socks even though the promtion will take in effect
2 35s
Info:a previous study suggested that eating chocolate could cause heart disease.
Info:a new, more reliable, study suggests that eating chocolate would not cause heart disease.
C: The concumption of the chocolate will inevidently increase when the new study is knew by people.
aumption: This is the only factor that affect the consumption of chocolate
3 45s
Info: The climate became dried and warmed at the end of the P area.
Info: The large mammal died but the small mammal survived.
explain the discrepancy: The small mammal could be well adapted to the harsh environment
4
P high profits mean high bonus.
C The bonus in the recession is less than the bones in peak profit
assumption: ten percent

kid381

1-13
61 39’’
Background info: a men’s sock company plan to increase its market shares.
Fact1: the size of customer pool keeps steady these years.
Fact2: presumably each male customer buys 12 pairs of socks every year.
Weaken: most of male people tend to buy new pairs of socks at the beginning of each year they will wear in the whole year.
62 25’’
Premise: previous studies show eating chocolate is harmful to people’s heart, increasing the probability they will get heart attack.
Evidence: new studies indicate that chocolate will not harm people’s heart.
Conclusion: once the new evidence is known to people, the chocolate industry will embrace an increasing in the consuming of its products.
Assumption: consumers know and really care about the studies.
63 38’’
Evidence: climate become warmer and dryer at the end of Pleistocene period
Conclusion: then Megafauna die out but small mammalian species survive.
Basis: Megafauna, other than small mammalian, prefer cold and wet climate.
64 41’’
Premise1: bonus at DSR industries awarded for profits exceeding 10% return on stockholders’ investment.
Premise2: High profits= High bonus.
Conclusion: bonus is lower in economic recession than in the peak profits at DSR.
Assumption: in the depression times, DSR could seldom sales its products and still cost fixed costs. = (the profit in DSR is so low that staffs receive little bonus)
65 70’’
Evidence: 1. trucking companies pay only a portion of highway maintenance costs and no property tax. 2. Railways spend billions per year on maintaining and upgrading.
Argument: government should lower the railroad companies’ property taxes.
Points: 1.based on a false analogy. The argument only compares some characteristics of railway transportation to the characteristics of highway transportation. The two industries are not that comparable. Though highway transportation is more expensive than railway transit, highway is more convenient and easier to access to every corner of the country. Railway, on the other hand, …
2. Gratuitous assumption, each trucking company only pay a portion of highway maintenance costs, but the aggregation of all the payments by trucking company may cover the maintenance cost, what is more, highway management agency can charge the transportation fee in a long period, thus it can offset or even surpass its maintaining cost.
3. The proposed measurement on railway might not as successful as the policy maker’s expectation. Increasing in rail traffic would not require building new lines but might increase the burden of existing railway, and excessive transportation might decrease the efficiency and shorten the durable years of railway.

Cybill

1. 28.4' men always bought 12 socks every year, the shop determine to promote their socks in every 6 months.

2. 17.3' Recently, research claims that eat chocolate won't increase likelihood of getting heart decease.

3. 18.4' Climate became warm and dried in xxxx, large mammals became extinct, however small mammals survived.

4. 32' Bonuses cannot be awarded until profits > 10% stockholder's investment. Bonuses in a general economic recession < peak profits.