【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-6】加入AA新元素~

daisyの小夢想

应bat建议 我们以后都附上正确选项的内容啦 以便讨论。
应fox和抓抓建议 加入一题AA 让大家数罪 哈哈~


逻辑汇总贴：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-580862-1-1.html
阅读姊妹篇：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html


1.
Court records from medieval France show that in the years 1300 to 1400 the number of people arrested in the French realm for "violent interpersonal crimes" (not committed in wars) increased by 30 percent over the number of people arrested for such crimes in the years 1200 to 1300. If the increase was not the result of false arrests. therefore, medieval France had a higher level of documented interpersonal violence in the years 1300 to 1400 than in the years 1200 to 1300.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?


--LSAT3 SECTION1 NO.9


Key:
In the years 1300 to 1400 the French government's category of violent crimes
included an increasing variety of interpersonal crimes that are actually nonviolent.


2.
Rhizobium bacteria living in the roots of bean plants or other legumes produce fixed nitrogen which is one of the essential plant nutrients and which for non-legume crops, such as wheat normally must be supplied by applications of nitrogen-based fertilizer. So if biotechnology succeeds in producing wheat strains whose roots will play host to Rhizobium bacteria. The need for artificial fertilizers will be reduced.
The argument above makes which one of the following assumptions?


--LSAT3 SECTION1 NO.10


Key:
Rhizobium bacteria living in the roots of wheat would produce fixed nitrogen.


3.
If we are to expand the exploration of our solar system. Our next manned flight should be to Phobos one of Mars’s moons, rather than to Mars itself. The flight times to each are the same, But the Phobos expedition would require less than half the fuel load of a Mars expedition and would, therefore, be much less costly. So, it is clear that Phobos should be our next step in Space exploration.
Which one of the following, if true, would most help to explain the difference in fuel requirement?


--LSAT3 SECTION4 NO.2


Key:
Lift-off for the return trip from Phobos requires much less fuel than that from Mars because of Phobos weaker gravitational pull.


4.
Lourdes: Dietary fiber is an important part of a healthful diet. Experts recommend that adults consume 20 to 35 grams of fiber a day.
Kyra: But a daily intake of fiber that is significantly above that recommended level interferes with mineral absorption, especially the absorption of calcium. The public should be told to cut act on fiber intake
Which one of the following, if true, most undermines Kyra’s recommendation?


--LSAT3 SECTION4 NO.6


Key:
Among adults, the average consumption of dietary fiber is at present approximately 10 grams a day.


5.
The following appeared in an ad for a book titled How to Write a Screenplay for a Movie:
“Writers who want to succeed should try to write film screenplays rather than books, since the average film tends to make
greater profits than does even a best-selling book. It is true that some books are also made into films. However, our nation’s film
producers are more likely to produce movies based on original screenplays than to produce films based on books, because
in recent years the films that have sold the most tickets have usually been based on original screenplays.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.


--AA题库

FredaCi

1.Since the number of people who committeed interpersonal crime increased in the period of 1300 to 1400 and they were sensibly caught,
people in this period are likely to have worse interpersonal relationship.

2.One kind of bactria can produce fixed nitrogen which is essential to some plants.
So if the scientists can make the bactira  live on the roots of these plants, the plants would not need fetilizer.

3.If we are to investigate the mars, we should go to its probe, since the cost would be just half that we need for investigating the mars itself.

4.It is benefitial to intake dietary fiber.
However, if a person take too much fiber, the fiber will interfer with the consumption of some minerals, especially calcium.
So the fiber intake should be limited.

5.It would be more profitable for writers to learn to write screenplays for movies rather than for books.
It is because a writer will usually earn more money from movies than from the best-sellings.
Althought movies can be adapted from books, the most profitable movies at past were adapted from screenplays directly.

kaniris

谢谢，学习了！

liyao604

Day six
1.
Court records from medieval France show that in the years 1300 to 1400 the number of people arrested in the French realm for "violent interpersonal crimes" (not committed in wars) increased by 30 percent over the number of people arrested for such crimes in the years 1200 to 1300. If the increase was not the result of false arrests. therefore, medieval France had a higher level of documented interpersonal violence in the years 1300 to 1400 than in the years 1200 to 1300.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

41’
P：document说1300~1400因为人们之间的暴力事件在之前因这个入狱的人上+30%（during1200~1300）
P：如果不是因为错误的执法
C:1300~1400人们之间的documented暴力事件比1200~1300的要多

--LSAT3 SECTION1 NO.9


Key:
In the years 1300 to 1400 the French government's category of violent crimes
included an increasing variety of interpersonal crimes that are actually nonviolent.


2.
Rhizobium bacteria living in the roots of bean plants or other legumes produce fixed nitrogen which is one of the essential plant nutrients and which for non-legume crops, such as wheat normally must be supplied by applications of nitrogen-based fertilizer. So if biotechnology succeeds in producing wheat strains whose roots will play host to Rhizobium bacteria. The need for artificial fertilizers will be reduced.
The argument above makes which one of the following assumptions?ving in the roots of wheat would produce fixed nitrogen.
70’严重超时哭了 逻辑链略难的，为啥看到大家都只用了30多秒QAQ
P：R细菌living在root里produce N
P：N是essentially肥料（for L和，错误）non-L
（但是L可以自己补充，而N只能靠肥料，错误从哪里YY出这么一条P --！）
C：如果在non-L的root里培养R，那么可以省了肥料→flourish N

3.
If we are to expand the exploration of our solar system. Our next manned flight should be to Phobos one of Mars’s moons, rather than to Mars itself. The flight times to each are the same, But the Phobos expedition would require less than half the fuel load of a Mars expedition and would, therefore, be much less costly. So, it is clear that Phobos should be our next step in Space exploration.
Which one of the following, if true, would most help to explain the difference in fuel requirement?


--LSAT3 SECTION4 NO.2

28’喜极而泣
P：如果航天事业继续发展，那么flight回去P（火星的一个moon）而不是火星
P：虽然他们的（时间）距离是一样的，但是降落在P比降落在M所用的燃料要少一半（就是去P比去M用的燃料少）
C：less costly→P是next目的地
l.


4.
Lourdes: Dietary fiber is an important part of a healthful diet. Experts recommend that adults consume 20 to 35 grams of fiber a day.
Kyra: But a daily intake of fiber that is significantly above that recommended level interferes with mineral absorption, especially the absorption of calcium. The public should be told to cut act on fiber intake
Which one of the following, if true, most undermines Kyra’s recommendation?


--LSAT3 SECTION4 NO.6

26’
L:每天fiber的摄入是health的重要部分→专家recommend 20~35 gram of fiber a day
K：但是过量的摄入（大于专家recommend的）fiber阻止矿物的吸收，特别是钙。所以人们应该be told限制（cut action）fiber的摄入


5.
The following appeared in an ad for a book titled How to Write a Screenplay for a Movie:
“Writers who want to succeed should try to write film screenplays rather than books, since the average film tends to make
greater profits than does even a best-selling book. It is true that some books are also made into films. However, our nation’s film
producers are more likely to produce movies based on original screenplays than to produce films based on books, because
in recent years the films that have sold the most tickets have usually been based on original screenplays.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.


--AA题库

47’
在一本如何为movie写screenplay的书上有这样的广告
C：如果一个作家想要成功应该为movie写screenplay而不是book
P：因为写一本screenplay——经常被用来拍电影（一部电影）可以赚的钱比一本卖得很好的book还要多。虽然book也经常用来拍电影，但是人们（我们国家的制作人）更倾向于用screenplay来拍，因为最近最较好的电影都是based on screenplay

jenniferlyy125

1. 【因果】因为1300-1400抓到的数量比1200-1300增加30%，所以更多数量。
这里没有百分比的错误，因为是基于前者的增加，所以一定是增加了。
因为百分比增加，所以更多。因果关系削弱：1）C是因为其他原因导致增多。2）a, no b  3）no a,b 4) b—a. 这些方向不太好。
直接削弱，violence数量并没有更多。可能的原因是：1）既然30%增加是一定的，voilence没有更多，那么其他增加的是non-voilence的。举例原来100，现在130，要削弱被记录的没有更高，就是被记录的是一样或者更低，还是100，那么另外的30就是别的。貌似这个方向是最合理的；2）voilence没有更多，以前的没有reported罢了。但是这里的结论是higher level of documented interpersonal violence 直接说是记录的，所以不佳。因为以前记录的确实是要低。

2. P：豆类植物R细菌---氮---豆类和其他植物，比如小麦需要氮肥。
C：所以小麦有R细菌---减少人工肥料。
【因果，类比】因为豆类R可以生成氮肥。所以小麦的R，也可以减少人工肥料。这里的假设gap就是小麦非豆类和豆类可以类比，小麦有R，也可以有氮。1）小麦的root的R也可以有氮。这是最明显的假设。2）以上推测的细菌没有别的坏处和氮肥等于人工费没那么好。

3. C：下一步载人飞船应该要探索火星的行星P。
P：虽然时间相同，但是P要求燃料少于火星的一半，所以花费少。
解释。解释就是提供一个理由为什么燃料少于一半就可以。----P的重力要小一些，所以回城的时候燃料需要少。

4. 观点1：fiber纤维对身体有好处。建议每天摄入25-30.
观点2：多余25-30就会干扰矿物摄取，所以要减少纤维摄入。
削弱观点2. 1）每天的量不会高于推荐的30. 不会干扰。2）某物质中和，不可能产生干扰作用。反正方向是没事，不需要减少。

6min
没有答案，自己写吧。
C：if you want to be success, you should write film screenplay rather than books
P1: avg flim profits are greater than best-selling books
P2: more likely to produce film based on screenplays than books
P3: most tickets sold are from screenplays
逻辑错误：
1）        数据，average。电影平均收益比最好卖的书籍要好。忽略extreme, 有的电影比一般书籍收益要少。不说明所有电影赚钱都多。
2）        Profitable=/ write screenplay=/success. 错误假设。赚钱，就一定要写，就一定等于成功。反驳，赚钱不一定要写，有的人写书或者电影，不是因为赚钱，二是爱好。赚钱不一定等于成功，每个人对成功的界定不一样，有的人觉得follow heart兴趣才是成功。
3）        Our nation, more likely=/necessary. 更可能选择剧本作电影，不说明一定。书还是有成功的可能。而且是在our nation, 忽略了可能性和其他国家的情况。More likely to produce, 不等于success. 可能只是生产了很多，但是出名和成功的没有几个
4）        Most ticket=/success. 错误假设。假设卖的最多票的就是成功，反驳卖的最多的不一定成功，卖的多的原因很多，可能是促销，可能是跟风，可能是明星…及时卖的多的来自剧本，也不说明些剧本一定就成功。
5）        Future trend 不能保证。现在赚钱平均多，更可能生产，卖的多，不保证以后。很多因素会影响未来发展。举例因素：policy 鼓励, customer need, industrial development….

m1nt

1. 25’
Premise: The number in 1300-1400 rose by 30% compared to the number in 1920-1930
Conclusion: the increase was not the result of false arrests. 1300-1400 more people commit violent crimes
Weaken: A lot of criminal people were not arrested in 1920-1930

2. 40’
Premise: R bacteria can support nitrogen to some plant but cannot support nitrogen to wheat
Conclusion: If the root of wheat can be altered to play host for R, artificial nitrogen will be reduced.
Assumption: Wheat can absorb the nitrogen supported by R bacteria

3. 25’
Premise: flight times to Mars and P are the same, but P requires less fuel than Mars
Conclusion: P should be our next step in Space exploration.
Resolve: 去P的阻力小，所以fuel要的少

4. 18’
Lourdes: Consume 20-30 grams a day fibers
Kyra:  Daily intake of fiber is above the recommend level, we should cut act on fiber intake
Weaken K: Intake的fiber成分不能都被吸收，很多没用

5. 25’
Premise: 1. Films have more profits than even best selling books
        2. More likely to produce movies based on original screenplays than to produce films based on books
Conclusion: Writing film screenplays rather than books has more chances to succeed
Weaken: 1. Film挣的钱都给了producer不是作者
        2. 基于book改编的电影比基于剧本的挣钱

大三准备留学

Yvette19 发表于 2013-8-6 05:45
1. 45s + 吃完酸奶又回头偷看了两眼 = =
Premise: French medieval : court records shows that interperso ...

后面两题呢。。

Yvette19

1. 45s + 吃完酸奶又回头偷看了两眼 = =
Premise: French medieval : court records shows that interpersonal crimes in 1300-1400 increased 30% compared to 1200-1300. There's no false arrested.
Conclusion: Interpersonal crimes increased 30%

Weaken: there might be false record...

2. 45s到了之后又看了好一会儿==+
R bacteria produce an essential nutrient for legume plants such as beans on the root. Non-legume crops such as wheat cannot have this through root but it relies on artificial fertilizer.
If bio tech could make wheat strain get access to this nutrient, the fertilizer would be less sold.

Assumption: 难怪我找不出lassumption因为我的conclusion写错了，我直接跳过R bacteria写nutrient了。。。跳跃了

3. 40s
BG： If human want to expand the exploration of solar system, people would choose the moon of Mars, Phobos, rather than Mars itself.
Fact： Even though the travel time to both are the same, it takes less fuel to Phobos than to Mars.
Conclusion： Therefore, Phobos will be the first step for solar system exploration.

Explanation：the difference in gravity, I guess


4.

xiqiong

1.France interpersonal crime ↑ 1400~
无错误抓，C：现在的人容易犯罪。

削弱：它因（原来犯罪没抓到？ 现在抓的技术提高了？）--->就是找到一个GAP，
说明两者的不同。bingo！

2.bacteria在BEAN PLANTS固氮（很重要），----> Bacteria也能在wheat上用就好了。
assumption: bean 和 wheat 相似，没有其它的原因使得这种推理不成立。
猜想答案： 这种bacteria不会对wheat造成不好的影响。

答案分析：bacteria在wheat根会Produce氮。  
这是加强逻辑链。即：有bacteria在wheat上-------> wheat不缺氮了
gap在于， bacteria在wheat上会固氮。

3.去探索火星
   和                  +相同点：飞行时间相同        不同点：耗油不同
        火星卫星p

解释耗油不同的问题： 即找到火星和P这间的不同点（关乎耗油问题之处就是答案）
BINGO！

4.
L：DF重要，需要摄入XX多。
K：推荐摄入的超过了能吸收的 mineral absorption，特别是钙。所以推荐要降低。
削弱K：有些DF不是要吸收的，还有别的用处？
好吧~第一次理解错了：
K：当人摄入过多的DF, 阻碍mineral的吸收，特别是钙。 所以要降低推荐量。
削弱：SIGNIFICANTLY 不成立。 人们不会超过推荐量。BINGO！
      或者，超过的量虽然阻碍矿物吸收但给出来弥补的什么其他同质的效益。

5.succeed----> write film (x book) ∵profits ↑
  some book ---> film BUT film producers *screenplays  xbook
∵： tickets sold 多的 是 screenplays

攻击：1）成功和赚钱不对等
      2）票卖得多的不能说明更popular， 也许刚好就几个突出了。其它都是book的。
      3）popular也不代表赚更多钱，cost也许也多呢，给写film screenplays的人的钱就少了。

联系：
  卖票多不能说明更popular，大家都喜欢看。
  就算是真的喜欢看,popular，也不能说给作者的钱多。也许cost大。profit就下降了。
  就算是真的钱多了，也不能说更成功。成功不等于钱多。


我这是在考古~哈哈~

flonacui

1 47s
P record showed that people arrested in France for "" in 1300-1400 increased 30% over 1200-1300
C medieval France had a higher level of documented interpersonal violence
2 58s
P R bacteria could produce nitrogen in the crops' roots and act like the nitrogen fertilizer.
C if the technology produced the wheat which could be the host of R bacteria, the application of the fertilizer would be decreased.
3 32s
P The flght time is the same, but the exploration on P is less costly
C our next exploration should be on P, rather than on mars
4 31s
L dietery fibor is important to people's health, so people should take 20-35 grams of a fiber a day
K Too much fibor will inhibit the absorbtion of mineral absorption, especially calcium. So, the public should be told to cut the intake of fiber.
5 46
1 the trend in recent years cannot predicate that there would be the same trend in the future.
2 The success of a writer does not measure to the profits he or she could earn
3 People could write other things rather than books or screenplays to be successed.
4 "since the average film could earn more profits than the best-selling books." How can the author conclude this?
5 " our nation's producers are more likely to ...." maybe produces in other more developed countries tend to adapt movied from the books rahter than screenplays and in this way, people could get more money.