【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-4】

抓抓sandra

貌似都算比较长…sigh…明天来被虐…
逻辑汇总贴：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-580862-1-1.html
阅读姊妹篇：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html
#1 LSAT TEST1 SECTION I Q10
Some people say that the scarcity of food is a function of the finite limits of the earth’s resources, coupled with a relentless rate of population growth. This analysis fails to recognize, however, that much of the world’s agricultural resources are used to feed livestock instead of people. In the United States, for example, almost one-half of the agricultural acreage is devoted to crops fed to livestock. A steer reduces twenty-one pounds of inexpensive grain to one pound of expensive meat. Thus, the scarcity of food is not merely a function of limited resources and population growth.


Which one of the following is an assumption that would allow the conclusion in the argument to be properly drawn?


#2 LSAT TEST1 SECTION I Q15
One of the more reliable methods of determining regional climatic conditions in prehistoric periods is to examine plant pollen trapped in glacial ice during ancient times. By comparing such pollen samples with spores taken from modern vegetation, scientists can figure out approximately what the weather was like at the time of pollen deposition. Furthermore, by submitting the prehistoric samples to radiocarbon dating techniques, we can also determine when certain climatic conditions were prevalent in that portion of the globe.


Which one of the following may be inferred from the information in the passage?


#3 FEIFEI LOGIC Q7
Problems caused by the leaching of pollutants from dumps and landfills are worst in countries with an annual per capita economic output of $4,000 to $5,000, and less severe for considerably poorer and considerably richer countries. This is so because pollution problems increase during the early stages of a country’s industrial development but then diminish as increasing industrial development generates adequate resources to tackle such problems. Therefore, problems caused by such leaching in Country X, where the annual per capita economic output is now $5,000, should begin to diminish in the next few years.


Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?


#4 FEIFEI LOGIC Q10
10. In order to pressure the government of Country S to become less repressive, some legislators in Country R want to ban all exports from R to S. Companies in R that manufacture telecommunication equipment such as telephones and fax machines have argued that exports of their products should be exempted from the ban, on the ground that it is impossible for a country to remain repressive when telecommunication equipment is widely available to the population of that country.


Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument given by the manufacturers depends?


#5 FEIFEI LOGIC Q13
13. In 1712 the government of Country Y appointed a censor to prohibit the publication of any book critical of Country Y’s government; all new books legally published in the country after 1712 were approved by a censor. Under the first censor, one half of the book manuscripts submitted to the censor were not approved for publication. Under the next censor, only one quarter of the book manuscripts submitted were not approved, but the number of book manuscripts that were approved was the same under both censors.


If the statements in the passage are true, which one of the following can be properly concluded from them?

gouguoqu

第四天
1、59s
2、57s
3、53s
4、37s
5、57s

FredaCi

1. Some people argue that the amount of food grown on earth limit the number of population. However, these people overlooked that most of the grains on the earth are consumed by livestocks.
In order to raise livestocks and produce meat, the grains were consumed.
Assumption: people only need to consume grains to survive.

2. Examing the plant sample trapped in the ice is a more effective way to trace the atmosphere condition at that time.
Scientists can also analyze the carbon dioxide in the plant to infer the portion at that time.

3. Population ofen occurs in countries whose income level is between 40,000 to 50,000 rather than in richer countires.
This kind of phenomenon is because that at the beginning of the development stage, a country is usually lack of sufficient technology to support them to tackle this kind of pollution.
Since the economy level of X country is going to be higher than 50,000, it is possible that the country will release less pollution next year.

4. Since country S remains repressive, authorities argue that all exports from R to S should be forbidden. However, the telecommunication companies in R said that they should be exeplified.
They argued that it is because no country can remain repressive with updated telecommunication technology.

5. In 1712, the government argue that each book that is against the government shoule be denied in the consesus.
However, although there were same number of books during the first and the second years, only one quart books were denied in the second year while half books were denied in the first year.

tinatang1116

starry017 发表于 2018-11-14 15:40
4. 为了遏制S政府专制，R政府想采取措施禁止所有从R到S的出口－－》在R出口电话和打印机的供应商说它们的产 ...

同意！               

tinatang1116

1. 42.86s
Premise: the limitation of growig population is due to lack of food
Premise: nearly half of food are devoted to cultivate crop and then processed to meat
Conclusion: lacking of food is not the reason of population growth
Assumption: if there is enough food, population will grow
2. 38.01s
Premise: plant pollen suggest the weather at that time
Conclusion : using CO2 can know specific weather
Inferrance: different weather condition, the matters containing pollen is different
3. 38.73s
Premise: the pollution is worse in the country at the early stage of industry
Conclusion: when country reach 5000, the pollution will drop
Assumption: the number 4000-5000 can be applied to all the country(if country economic reaches 5000, it is well developed enough)
4. 36.65s
Premise: R ban export to S since S has become repress
Premise: no country can live well without telecome
Conclusion: the manufacture of telecome should be exampt from the ban
Assumption: S only use telecome service provided by R
5. 36.84s
Premise: comments critic about politic of Y is prohibited
Premise: the first man banned half of them and the second of censor banned quarter of them
Premise: the number are the same
Conclusion: even the prohibition is released, critic are becoming more

starry017

4. 为了遏制S政府专制，R政府想采取措施禁止所有从R到S的出口－－》在R出口电话和打印机的供应商说它们的产品应该免除这种禁止——》因为当沟通工具很流行的时候，保持一个国家的专制是不可能的。

Assumption：R国的电话和打印机设备有利于提高S国的沟通水平
原文答案：R国的电话和打印机设备不仅仅给S国的高层官员使用

现在都没人练逻辑链了吗，我好方呀……

问啊问啊

6/4/2015【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-4】
#1 LSAT TEST1 SECTION I Q10
Some people say that the scarcity of food is a function of the finite limits of the earth’s resources, coupled with a relentless rate of population growth. This analysis fails to recognize, however, that much of the world’s agricultural resources are used to feed livestock instead of people. In the United States, for example, almost one-half of the agricultural acreage is devoted to crops fed to livestock. A steer reduces twenty-one pounds of inexpensive grain to one pound of expensive meat. Thus, the scarcity of food is not merely a function of limited resources and population growth.


Which one of the following is an assumption that would allow the conclusion in the argument to be properly drawn?

44
P:食物短缺是某种地球资源的浪费造成的，但不一定，因为很多食物是喂给牲口养殖的
C：
F：有些人说食物的短缺是地球有限资源的一种功能和体现，用于应对不断增长的人群。
P：这个分析并没有考虑到，世界上很多农作物是用来喂牲口的。比如在美国，几乎一半的农业面积是给喂牲口的农作物的。导致21磅便宜的谷物，转换成1磅贵的肉。
C：食物短缺并不仅仅是资源限制和人口增长

参考BAT：Assumptions: 1. The US case is representative      
          2. If we remove those acreage, which is used to feed livestock, we would have enough crops for people
          3. Those acreage can be suitable for crops that people can consume


#2 LSAT TEST1 SECTION I Q15
One of the more reliable methods of determining regional climatic conditions in prehistoric periods is to examine plant pollen trapped in glacial ice during ancient times. By comparing such pollen samples with spores taken from modern vegetation, scientists can figure out approximately what the weather was like at the time of pollen deposition. Furthermore, by submitting the prehistoric samples to radiocarbon dating techniques, we can also determine when certain climatic conditions were prevalent in that portion of the globe.


Which one of the following may be inferred from the information in the passage?

36
要确定史前时期的气候，可以通过冰川期的花粉来确定，因为可以和现代的蔬菜对比。另外，用碳元素测定法可以知道这个气候是什么时候形成的
C：推理
--
F：一种更可靠的确定史前区域性气候条件的方式，是测定冰河时期，被困在冰川里的植物花粉。
P：通过比较从现代蔬菜中提取的花粉样本和孢子，科学家可以推测出花粉被存入冰川的时候，当时的气候是什么样的。另外，通过对史前样本做放射性碳日期技术，我们还可以确定某些气候在当时全球比较流行
求C
G:1）错误的类比，时地全等。史前《》现在，植物可能彻底不一样  ，所以结论就是可以类比

#3 FEIFEI LOGIC Q7
Problems caused by the leaching of pollutants from dumps and landfills are worst in countries with an annual per capita economic output of $4,000 to $5,000, and less severe for considerably poorer and considerably richer countries. This is so because pollution problems increase during the early stages of a country’s industrial development but then diminish as increasing industrial development generates adequate resources to tackle such problems. Therefore, problems caused by such leaching in Country X, where the annual per capita economic output is now $5,000, should begin to diminish in the next few years.


Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
彻底没看懂，第一句很多不认识的实词，影响理解
F：污水过滤和垃圾填埋带来的问题是一个国家最严重的，相当于每年人均4K-5K的经济消耗，对穷国的话稍微少一点，反之富国已然。
P：因为污染问题在一个国家的工业进程早期产生，但是随着工业化进程，足够的资源会产生用于解决这些问题
C：所以，这样的污水过滤问题在X国的产生，人均5000的问题，应该在未来几年逐渐消失
问假设
G：1)X已经到工业化后期了？ 2）X的规律符合通常的规律，可以类比？



#4 FEIFEI LOGIC Q10
10. In order to pressure the government of Country S to become less repressive, some legislators in Country R want to ban all exports from R to S. Companies in R that manufacture telecommunication equipment such as telephones and fax machines have argued that exports of their products should be exempted from the ban, on the ground that it is impossible for a country to remain repressive when telecommunication equipment is widely available to the population of that country.


Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument given by the manufacturers depends?
F:为了对S施压，使其不要太残忍镇压，一些R的立法者想要限制对S的商品出口
C：R的通讯设备公司辩论到：他们的产品应该有禁出口豁免权
P：因为当那个国家的通讯设备人人都用的时候，那个国家就没法镇压了
问假设
G：R是心机婊啊，想要通过基础设备渗透S。可能猜测，若攻击因1）：S的居民都很接受愿意买这家公司的通讯设备。2）S没有任何反倾销措施组织设备的渗透。若攻击因果联系3）就算人人都用，就真的无法镇压了吗？S政府真的傻逼没办法了嘛？


#5 FEIFEI LOGIC Q13
13. In 1712 the government of Country Y appointed a censor to prohibit the publication of any book critical of Country Y’s government; all new books legally published in the country after 1712 were approved by a censor. Under the first censor, one half of the book manuscripts submitted to the censor were not approved for publication. Under the next censor, only one quarter of the book manuscripts submitted were not approved, but the number of book manuscripts that were approved was the same under both censors.


If the statements in the passage are true, which one of the following can be properly concluded from them?

41
Y国有个对出版物的审查方案
前年1/2通过审查，去年1/4通过审查。。

请推导

kaniris

学习了，谢谢！

liyao604

Day four
#1 LSAT TEST1 SECTION I Q10
Some people say that the scarcity of food is a function of the finite limits of the earth’s resources, coupled with a relentless rate of population growth. This analysis fails to recognize, however, that much of the world’s agricultural resources are used to feed livestock instead of people. In the United States, for example, almost one-half of the agricultural acreage is devoted to crops fed to livestock. A steer reduces twenty-one pounds of inexpensive grain to one pound of expensive meat. Thus, the scarcity of food is not merely a function of limited resources and population growth.


Which one of the following is an assumption that would allow the conclusion in the argument to be properly drawn?

60’
C：事物的短缺是因为资源的稀缺和人口的增长
P：大部分的land被用来种植crops来喂养livestock instead of people（USA，一头肉牛要用的land）
C：缺少is not merely资源的缺失和人口的增长（要注意看程度副词！！）


#2 LSAT TEST1 SECTION I Q15
One of the more reliable methods of determining regional climatic conditions in prehistoric periods is to examine plant pollen trapped in glacial ice during ancient times. By comparing such pollen samples with spores taken from modern vegetation, scientists can figure out approximately what the weather was like at the time of pollen deposition. Furthermore, by submitting the prehistoric samples to radiocarbon dating techniques, we can also determine when certain climatic conditions were prevalent in that portion of the globe.


Which one of the following may be inferred from the information in the passage?

50’
p：通过pollen trapped into the glacial ice和现在的pore可以大概对比出天气（when pollen deposition）
P：通过放射性碳技术可以determine那个时候的global是什么气候（某个时间的某个地方哪种天气prevalent）


#3 FEIFEI LOGIC Q7
Problems caused by the leaching of pollutants from dumps and landfills are worst in countries with an annual per capita economic output of $4,000 to $5,000, and less severe for considerably poorer and considerably richer countries. This is so because pollution problems increase during the early stages of a country’s industrial development but then diminish as increasing industrial development generates adequate resources to tackle such problems. Therefore, problems caused by such leaching in Country X, where the annual per capita economic output is now $5,000, should begin to diminish in the next few years.


Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

57’
P:因为过滤pollutant from垃圾和landfill而产生的trouble在年人均资本输出4000~5000的国家要更严重一些（更贫穷或更富有的国家less severe）
P：因为在初期的工业发展中，trouble会不断的增大。而随着工业发展，会有enough resources to tackle it，所以trouble会减少。
C：所以一个人均5000的国家X，下几年的trouble会开始减少。


#4 FEIFEI LOGIC Q10
10. In order to pressure the government of Country S to become less repressive, some legislators in Country R want to ban all exports from R to S. Companies in R that manufacture telecommunication equipment such as telephones and fax machines have argued that exports of their products should be exempted from the ban, on the ground that it is impossible for a country to remain repressive when telecommunication equipment is widely available to the population of that country.


Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument given by the manufacturers depends?

43’
P：为了让S变得less repressive，R决定禁止对S的出口
P：R的telecommunication制造商（如电话、传真）说不应该禁止他们的产品
C：因为会less repressive如果telecommunication is available to all the S residents



#5 FEIFEI LOGIC Q13
13. In 1712 the government of Country Y appointed a censor to prohibit the publication of any book critical of Country Y’s government; all new books legally published in the country after 1712 were approved by a censor. Under the first censor, one half of the book manuscripts submitted to the censor were not approved for publication. Under the next censor, only one quarter of the book manuscripts submitted were not approved, but the number of book manuscripts that were approved was the same under both censors.


If the statements in the passage are true, which one of the following can be properly concluded from them?

49’
p：1712年Y为了使得杂志不说政府的坏话，hire a sensor。1712年以后，所有新发布的合法文章都必须通过censor的同意。第一任censor有一半的文章没有通过，第二任censor只有四分之一的没通过。但是第一任第二任通过的文章是一样的。

jenniferlyy125

1. P：食物缺乏，是地球资源有限，人口增长的原因。但是没有考虑一半的土地都是种植给牲畜吃的植物。闫牛从21便宜的粮食减少到1贵的肉。
所以：食物短缺不仅仅是资源有限人口增长的原因。
理解：观点1说食物短缺造成人口增长资源有限。
观点2反驳：一半的食物都是给牲畜的，牲畜消耗了很多食物，所以食物短缺不只是资源有限人口增长的原因。
假设。因为一半食物给牲畜，所以食物短缺不是原因。这里是否有一个gap。如果grain---livestock---people的话，那么食物不短缺。不短缺就不是原因。猜测，livestock can be food of human.

2.pollen—ice—weather—when 通过检测冰层里面的花粉可以知道天气，以及什么时间流行。应该是典型的逻辑链，归纳就是检测花粉可以知道什么时候什么天气流行。

3.40’ pollution—4000—5000, pollution在工业化开始的时候增加，然后工业化成熟的时候减少。
结论：5000以后会下降。这里的假设就是4000之前是刚开始发展，5000以后就是发展成熟了。

4. P：限制R---S出口，达到使S less repressive的目的。反驳，不应该限制telecom，因为telecom----impossible to remain repressive.
这句话只是有点绕罢了。意思就是因为telecom---不能remain repressive，也就是可以帮助less repressive. 假设就是这一个逻辑链。
假设：telecom的广泛使用一定帮助达到目的，make S less repressive.
Fill gap

5.53’ 纯数学归纳提。1. 1/2没有通过；2. 1/4没有通过，但是被通过的书籍数量一样。假设被通过50，那么1总数就是100，2总数大概68.得出的结论可以是1）1提交给censor的总数大于2的。2）1没通过的50大于2没通过的18. 而且是三倍。---列数学方程可以得到3:1
反正表达出数学式子就可以。