【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-3】

superbat28

逻辑汇总贴：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-580862-1-1.html
阅读姊妹篇：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html

NO1  FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q12
The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from Earth. A device has recently been invented, however, that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip. Therefore, it is possible for people to go to Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?


NO2 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q15
Dental researcher: Filling a cavity in a tooth is not a harmless procedure: it inevitably damages some of the healthy parts of the tooth. Cavities are harmful only if the decay reaches the nerves inside the tooth, and many cavities, if left untreated, never progress to that point. Therefore, dentists should not fill a cavity unless the nerves inside the tooth are in imminent danger from that cavity.

Which one of the following principles, if valid, most strongly supports the researcher’s reasoning?

NO3 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q17
Psychologist: Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities, but this claim is false, I concede that identical twins---who are, of course, born at practically the same time---often do have similar personalities. However, birth records were examined to find two individuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the same time---one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychologist’s argument depends?


NO4 CR大全 不含OG版  TESTC Q2
We have heard a good deal in recent years about the declining importance of the two major political parties. It is the mass media, we are told, that decide the outcome of elections, not the power of the parties. But it is worth noting that no independent or third-party candidate has won any important election in recent years, and in the last nationwide campaign, the two major parties raised and spent more money than ever before in support of their candidates and platforms. It seems clear that reports of the imminent demise of the two-party system are premature at best.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above?

NO5 CR大全 不含OG版  TESTC Q3
Psychologists conducted a series of experiments to test the effect upon schoolchildren of violence in films. In the first experiment, grammar school children were shown a film that included scenes of a male teenager engaging in violent acts against others, such as punching, pushing, and kicking. During a free-play session following the film viewing, 42 percent of the children were observed to engage in one or more violent acts similar to those in the film. In a second experiment, a different group of children was shown a similar film featuring a female teenager. Only 14 percent of the children were observed behaving violently afterward. The psychologists concluded that children are more likely to imitate violent behavior on film when a male model is shown than when a female model is shown.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the psychologists’ conclusion?

貌似有点长啊…不要怪我T T
注：我上次实战的时候，碰到了6行的逻辑题，不过是一道main conclusion题。。我连读都没好好读。。勾起我悲惨回忆了。。

gouguoqu

第三天
1、58s
2、47s
3、49s
4、1:58s
5、57s

ssssshhhh123

Xx

FredaCi

1. One obstacle that prohibt people from getting to mars is that no aircraft can carry as much as fuels needed to support the trip to mars can back.
However, since scientists can use another aircraft to add the needed fuel to the aircraft, the exploration to mars is possible in the future.
assumption: it is possible for another aircraft to add fuel to the first one

2.Filling a cavity can do harm to some healthy part of the tooth, and if the cavities do not reach the nerve, they will do no harm to the tooth.
So only if the cavities are in imminent danger should dentist fill a cavity.
support: there is no potential dangers with most of the cavities which are left untreated

3.It is wrong to say that horoscopes determine our personalities. Identical twins often has similar personlaties and people born in different places at the same time will have different personalities.
assumption: there is no other factors that can conter the effect of horoscopes on one's personality

4. The assumption that the power of two-side party is wrong. Although it is said that the media determine the outcome of the selection, people are spending more money to support the two main parties.

5.Researchers suppose that watching violent movies will affect teenager's behavior. Two experiments show that a higher pecentage of teenagers did similar violence after seeing a male teenager who did violent actions than a female teenager.
So the gender of the teenager in the movie will affect the teenagers' behavior.
Weaken: in two experiement, the participants are diffenet. The former group were more violent before the experiment.

问啊问啊

6/3/2015 1-3
NO1  FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q12
The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from Earth. A device has recently been invented, however, that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip. Therefore, it is possible for people to go to Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
46
F：即使最轻的火星飞船带太多燃料会也会造成太重无法顺利完成飞行
P：最近的一个发明，可以让飞船用火星的大气制造出跟原厂燃料一样的燃料
C：火星飞船可以少带燃料完成飞行，只要他们再带一个这样的device，在return时用
G：这个device也有重量，

F：重量是唯一的阻碍人们火星之旅的因素。带足够的燃料在完成往返火星的飞行器，会使得最轻的飞船也太重，而导致地球上无法发射
P：最新一个设备被发明，允许传统飞船加油用于返回地球，这个油是用火星大气制造的
C：因此，人们可能去火星，通过携带这样的设备
问所依赖的假设?
G：1）这个设备不重 2）真的可以完成获取 火星的大气3）带足够去火星大气飞行的燃料


NO2 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q15
Dental researcher: Filling a cavity in a tooth is not a harmless procedure: it inevitably damages some of the healthy parts of the tooth. Cavities are harmful only if the decay reaches the nerves inside the tooth, and many cavities, if left untreated, never progress to that point. Therefore, dentists should not fill a cavity unless the nerves inside the tooth are in imminent danger from that cavity.

Which one of the following principles, if valid, most strongly supports the researcher’s reasoning?
35
F：补牙洞并不是一个没有害处的事情
P：因为补牙会伤害神经系统，造成疼痛
C：只要酸性物质没有伤害到牙齿里边的神经，医生可以不需要给病人补牙
F:牙医研究者：牙齿补洞并不是一个没有害处的事情，不可避免的会损害一些健康的牙齿。
P1：牙洞只有在腐烂达到牙齿内部的神经层的时候才有害
P2：大部分牙洞如果不治疗，并不会到达那种程度。
C：因此，牙医不应该补牙洞，除非内部的神经即将被牙洞损害。
问支持？
G：神经有害+不补牙，不到神经 =》不用补牙，除非到神经
所以gap是不用补牙和伤害之间，少了一环，默认假设了 ，看答案说: ，即对于潜在的伤害不应用必然带来其他伤害的方法来治疗。

NO3 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q17
Psychologist: Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities, but this claim is false, I concede that identical twins---who are, of course, born at practically the same time---often do have similar personalities. However, birth records were examined to find two individuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the same time---one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychologist’s argument depends?
53
第一遍没理清逻辑顺序
F：H是造成人类性格的差异的主要物质
P：双胞胎同时出生的，性格相似。但是研究一下40年前同样时间出身的，一个多伦多，一个纽约，两个人的性格不同
C：求假设
F:心理学家说，占星者认为，星座是造成人类性格的差异的主要物质
C：这个结论是错的（星座，或者说出身时间并不是决定性格的因素）
P：我承认双胞胎同时出生的，性格相似。但是研究一下40年前同样时间出身的，一个多伦多，一个纽约，两个人的性格不同
问假设？
G：他因，其他一组一样的因素，导致了双胞胎性格一样，另一个研究性格不一样
割裂因果：


NO4 CR大全 不含OG版  TESTC Q2
We have heard a good deal in recent years about the declining importance of the two major political parties. It is the mass media, we are told, that decide the outcome of elections, not the power of the parties. But it is worth noting that no independent or third-party candidate has won any important election in recent years, and in the last nationwide campaign, the two major parties raised and spent more money than ever before in support of their candidates and platforms. It seems clear that reports of the imminent demise of the two-party system are premature at best.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above?
75
F：我们听说两党的支持率都在下降
P：通常是媒体决定结果，而不是
C：
这篇太混乱了


NO5 CR大全 不含OG版  TESTC Q3
Psychologists conducted a series of experiments to test the effect upon schoolchildren of violence in films. In the first experiment, grammar school children were shown a film that included scenes of a male teenager engaging in violent acts against others, such as punching, pushing, and kicking. During a free-play session following the film viewing, 42 percent of the children were observed to engage in one or more violent acts similar to those in the film. In a second experiment, a different group of children was shown a similar film featuring a female teenager. Only 14 percent of the children were observed behaving violently afterward. The psychologists concluded that children are more likely to imitate violent behavior on film when a male model is shown than when a female model is shown.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the psychologists’ conclusion?

60
心理学家做实验研究孩子的暴力倾向
通过给孩子看暴力视频，观察暴力视频后孩子有暴力倾向的百分比
F1：男青年的暴力视频，之后50%的孩子有暴力倾向
F2：女青年暴力视频，只会14%的孩子有暴力倾向
C：男青年的视频比女青年的视频更容易引起孩子暴力
Q：问削弱
G：他因导致，可能做实验的时候正好别的。。
割裂因果，另一组实验，是女青年的暴力比例高

liyao604

Day three
NO1  FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q12
The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from Earth. A device has recently been invented, however, that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip. Therefore, it is possible for people to go to Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

60’
Pne factor prevent human traveling火星is the weight，即使最轻的aircraft（要携带到火星再回来的油）也太重了，使得aircraft不能从地球发射出来
P：最近有一个device被发明→在火星上refill the油箱（油从火星的大气产生的）
C：可以successful travel火星

NO2 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q15
Dental researcher: Filling a cavity in a tooth is not a harmless procedure: it inevitably damages some of the healthy parts of the tooth. Cavities are harmful only if the decay reaches the nerves inside the tooth, and many cavities, if left untreated, never progress to that point. Therefore, dentists should not fill a cavity unless the nerves inside the tooth are in imminent danger from that cavity.

45’
P：填补牙齿的洞并不是harmless
P：因为会破坏牙齿（健康）本身的某些东西
P：对于most the cavities如果untreated不会有什么事。因为会有事当有东西通过洞（decay）reach the nerve
C：所以，不要填补，除非nerve受到威胁

Which one of the following principles, if valid, most strongly supports the researcher’s reasoning?

NO3 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q17
Psychologist: Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities, but this claim is false, I concede that identical twins---who are, of course, born at practically the same time---often do have similar personalities. However, birth records were examined to find two individuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the same time---one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychologist’s argument depends?

38’
P：有一些天文学家说：h（星象预测观测，我估计也就是和时间有关的意思）和personality有关
C：不相信
P：在一个地方同时出生的双胞胎有一样的personality
P：record显示：40年前在不同地方同时出生的双胞胎personality不一样

NO4 CR大全 不含OG版  TESTC Q2
We have heard a good deal in recent years about the declining importance of the two major political parties. It is the mass media, we are told, that decide the outcome of elections, not the power of the parties. But it is worth noting that no independent or third-party candidate has won any important election in recent years, and in the last nationwide campaign, the two major parties raised and spent more money than ever before in support of their candidates and platforms. It seems clear that reports of the imminent demise of the two-party system are premature at best.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above?

75’
P：report：最近两个政党的重要性-
PAQ遗漏了一个重要的premise是mass media而不是政党的power来决定election。
P：没有第三个替代的政党
P：最近，这两个政党花费在选举的钱更多
C：report关于政党重要性的comment premature=不准确的



NO5 CR大全 不含OG版  TESTC Q3
Psychologists conducted a series of experiments to test the effect upon schoolchildren of violence in films. In the first experiment, grammar school children were shown a film that included scenes of a male teenager engaging in violent acts against others, such as punching, pushing, and kicking. During a free-play session following the film viewing, 42 percent of the children were observed to engage in one or more violent acts similar to those in the film. In a second experiment, a different group of children was shown a similar film featuring a female teenager. Only 14 percent of the children were observed behaving violently afterward. The psychologists concluded that children are more likely to imitate violent behavior on film when a male model is shown than when a female model is shown.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the psychologists’ conclusion?
40’
研究暴力电影对孩子的影响
P：一个关于男人的暴力电影→42%的孩子学
P：（另一组）关于女人的暴力电影（同样的）→14%的孩子学
C：男人暴力电影比女人暴力电影对孩子影响更大（模仿）

jenniferlyy125

1. P：去火星最大的障碍就是太重，一般载燃料的话会很重。现在新发明一种东西，可以在火星上加油回城。
C：所以可以带着这个发明去火星并且返回。
假设。既然说重量是最大障碍，那么假设就是这个发明的重量不太重，可以起飞，返回加的油也可以值得返程。
2.P：补牙齿的洞没害，只有在腐烂到达神经的时候才会有害。但是如果不治疗的话就永远不会到那个程度。
C: 所以，不应该补洞除非神经迫在眉睫地威胁。
腐烂到达神经才有害，所以除非神经迫在眉睫地受到威胁，才去补洞。这里应该由一个条件，就是只有在受到威胁的时候，才去补洞。
加强，说明没有威胁的时候不需要补洞（没有威胁的时候补洞不好），确定只有威胁才要补洞。
3.P：A认为星座决定性格。例子双胞胎。
C：例子，所以false，星座和性格无关。
用一个例子，就反驳，星座和性格无关，貌似无效归纳。从一个例子得出结论。假设：这个例子具有代表性。这个例子不受到其他影响，只是星座影响。
4.P：听说政党重要性下降。Media决定选举结果。但是这没有意义，因为政党筹集比以前更多钱支持候选人。
C：所以media的report说政党就要让位的说法太早了。
Media说政党要下位了，作者反驳，因为1花钱更多 2没有第三党赢
加强。就是加强结论，政党没有下位。提供其他的信息说明政党不会下位，第三挡不会取代。比如说花钱多就是政党继续掌权的标准等。
5.51’ 虽然很长，但是语言简单。
实验1：看男性暴力，42效仿。
实验2：看女性暴力，14效仿。
C：所以看男性暴力庚容易效仿。
【实验】削弱，就是说明看男性暴力不一定效仿多。可以说两个实验没有代表性，可以说是被实验者本身的特征使得他们对于男性暴力更加敏感。只要方向是证明男性暴力和效仿多没有直接关系就可以

add oil!

m1nt

1. 25’
Background: Weight prevents spacecraft to go to Mars. Even the lightest craft can afford the
weight of fuel for the whole journey.
Premise: A new device can help to produce fuel for the return, so the weight of the fuel carried can decline.
Conclusion: The spacecraft with new equipment can go to Mars.
Assumption: New equipment wont add more weight

2. 25’
Background: Filling a cavity in a tooth is not a harmless procedure:
Premise: Cavities are harmful only if the decay reaches the nerves inside the tooth, and many cavities, if left untreated, never progress to that point.
Conclusion: Dentists should not fill a cavity unless the nerves inside the tooth are in imminent danger from that cavity
Support: Cavity without imminent danger wont have other problems

3. 25’
Background:  Claim: Horoscopes determine people's personalities.
Premise: Twins have similar personalities. But two persons born on the same day, one in NY,one in
Tokyo, have great differences in personalities.
Conclusion: This claim is false
Assumption: Gap: Born in NY and Toronto have the same horoscopes

4. 35s
Background: Media has played a significant role on the election outcome.
Premise:
Both of the two main parties have devoted much more money to the propaganda to win support every year.
No independent or third-party candidate has won any important election in recent years
Conclusion: The reports of the ends of the two parties are premature at best.
Support: Third party has no money to support that

5. 23’
Background: Psychologists conducted a series of experiments to test the effect upon schoolchildren of violence in films
Premise
2组孩子，一组看male model暴力的电影一组看female model暴力电影，第一组比第二组更容易产生暴力
Conclusion: Children are more likely to imitate violent behavior on film when a male model is shown than when a female model is shown.
Weaken: 1.开始参加的孩子不同
2. male model容易模仿