在同一题目的选项中出现了strengthen 和assumption选项，容易混淆怎么办？请高手指点！

米样

assumption的题，最近发现如果在同一个题目的选项中，排除三个之后，剩下两个很不好判断，答案解释说其中一个加强，另一个是assumption，可我看着怎么那么像呢？只能说是本人水平有限，在此请高手指点，有题为证！！！
77. How do the airlines expect to prevent commercial plane crashes? Studies have shown that pilot error contributes to two-thirds of all such crashes. To address this problem, the airline have upgraded their training programs by increasing the hours of classroom instruction and emphasizing communication skills in the cockpit. But it is unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actual flying time. Therefore, the airlines should rethink their training approach to reducing commercial crashes.
Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the argument depends?
(A) Training programs can eliminate pilot errors.
(B) Commercial pilot routinely undergo additional training throughout their careers.
(C) The number of airline crashes will decrease if pilot training programs focus on increasing actual flying time.
(D) Lack of actual flying time is an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes.
(E) Communication skills are not important to pilot training programs.

正确答案是D，我选了C。答案说C是加强的，可我怎么区分不开呢？高手指点啊！

Despite improvements in treatment for asthma, the death rate from this disease has doubled during the past decade from its previous rate. Two possible explanations for this increase have been offered. First, the recording of deaths due to asthma has become more widespread and accurate in the past decade than it had been previously. Second, there has been an increase in urban pollution. However, since the rate of deaths due to asthma has increased dramatically even in cities with long-standing, comprehensive medical records and with little or no urban pollution, one must instead conclude that the cause of increased deaths is the use of bronchial inhalers by asthma sufferers to relieve their symptoms.
79. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) Urban pollution has not doubled in the past decade.
(B) Doctors and patients generally ignore the role of allergies in asthma.
(C) Bronchial inhalers are unsafe, even when used according to the recommended instructions.
(D) The use of bronchial inhalers aggravates other diseases that frequently occur among asthma sufferers and that often lead to fatal outcomes even when the asthma itself does not.
(E) Increased urban pollution, improved recording of asthma deaths, and the used of asthma deaths, and the use of bronchial inhalers are the only possible explanations of the increased death rate due to asthma.

这个题我先看到D时，就以为它是对的，后来觉得E更合适，就选了E。答案说D是加强。我怎么在这样的题目中区分不了加强和假设呢？

Cactus7

chenjiao0121 发表于 2011-7-11 17:28
assumption取非原文不成立，assumption真包含于strengtnen中。一题：D取非，flying time不重要的话，原文说 ...

这个回答实在是太精彩了，谢谢！！

曲比欣

楼上解释得好啊好啊，相当清楚~~

chenjiao0121

assumption取非原文不成立，assumption真包含于strengtnen中。
一题：D取非，flying time不重要的话，原文说“培训没有fling time 就不成功”肯定错。
         C取非，培训有flying time 也不一定成功，不能说明原文说“没有flying time就不成功”肯定错。这好比：有房的男人没有取到老婆的事实不能说明没房的男人娶不到老婆的论断是错的一样。抽象到逻辑层面只，由“A推出否B”真确不能判断“否A推否B”的真假。
二题：E取非，原文不成立。
         D的话只是给出了一种合理解释，取非的话，任然可以有别的解释。

我也不知道我讲清楚了没。。。。。。

米样

不知道我的意思说明白了没有，跪求指点啊~~