boldface题型的问题。

wenyiwendy

Paleontologist: About 2.8 million years ago, many species that lived near the ocean floor suffered substantial population declines. These declines coincided with the onset of an ice age.【现象（不算错）】 The notion that cold killed those bottom-dwelling creatures outright is misguided, however;【观点】 temperatures near the ocean floor would have changed very little.【evidence】  Nevertheless, the cold probably did cause the population declines, though indirectly.【结论】Many bottom-dwellers depended for food on plankton, small organisms that lived close to the surface and sank to the bottom when they died.【principal】 Most probably, the plankton suffered a severe population decline as a result of sharply lower temperatures at the surface, depriving many bottom-dwellers of food.【evidence】

In the paleontologist's reasoning, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first introduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist; the second is a judgment offered in spelling out that hypothesis.

(B) The first introduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist; the second is a position that the paleontologist opposes.

(C) The first is an explanation challenged by the paleontologist; the second is an explanation proposed by the paleontologist.

(D) The first is a judgment advanced in support of a conclusion reached by the paleontologist; the second is that conclusion.

(E) The first is a generalization put forward by the paleontologist; the second presents certain exceptional cases in which that generalization does not hold.

我在A和D之间徘徊了好一会儿。正确答案是A。

请问“judgement”到底是什么东西呢？貌似地位比“explanation”高一点，比”conclusion“低一点。这是我个人的想法哈。

希望有人可以帮忙给逻辑boldface题型中的”judgement“下一个定义。谢谢！

TerraceHo

【stimulus翻譯】
2.8m年之前，許多物種突然減少了。這個減少和冰河世紀出現同時發生。但是，對於是寒冷讓這些殺死動物的觀點是不對的；如果是這樣的話，溫度應該不會變太多，但實際上溫度變化很大。

但是，雖然不是直接的因素，寒冷的確促使了動物數量的減少。

許多bd以浮游生物為食，浮游生物是生活在海面上，當它們死了以後就會沉到海底的。

更加可能的是，浮游生物因為表面寒冷而使得數量銳減，進而減少了db的食物來源。



【Ron對D的解釋】

D——(d) is backwards.
(d) states that #1 supports #2, when in fact the argument is written in such a way that #2 supports #1.



【Ron對A解釋】
the conclusion of this passage is "the cold probably did cause the population declines, though indirectly".
once you figure out that's the conclusion, there are only two answer choices left in play: (a) and (b), the only two choices that actually say that's the conclusion (the "hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist").
note that "a generalization" and "an explanation" are not going to represent conclusions. a "judgment" could be a conclusion, but not in the case of choice (d), because there it's followed immediately by "...in support of X".
between (a) and (b), you don't have to think that hard. choice (a) says that the second boldface is for the conclusion, while choice (b) says the second boldface is against the conclusion. since the former is true - the second boldface is the rationale behind the paleontologist's hypothesis - you go with (a).

ninamikou

好可伶呀 我也同问=w=

zjsxsj

我觉得你自己都在原文中标注了第二个boldface是evidence了，但是d中却说第二个是conclusion ，不是矛盾了吗。而a中的意思就是第二个bf就是为了spell out 第一个bf的意思

gourmettsu

我觉得重点是后面那个offered in spelling out that hypothesis

judgment本身区分意思没必要吧。。

苏格拉底屠夫

哎················hypothesis  judgment  conclusion  explanation  generalization  都是些神马啊·········

wenyiwendy

我再自顶一下，希望有好心人现身呐~~~

wenyiwendy

神马情况？
最后两排的字怎么这么小~！@！#@~#￥
再发一次：

请问“judgement”到底是什么东西呢？貌似地位比“explanation”高一点，比”conclusion“低一点。这是我个人的想法哈。

希望有人可以帮忙给逻辑boldface题型中的”judgement“下一个定义。谢谢！