自己读题时候的一点体会和理解误区

cathycathyhan

我不知道大家有没有遇到过这样的情况，当时做题目的时候，发现有2个选项犹豫不决，然后选了一个选项后，发现正确选项是另外一个，一看答案才醒悟过来，会说，原来是这么回事！自己不应该错。我就有这种情况，而且我发现自己不是不会做，而是对题目本身存在理解误区。我举2个例子：
High school students who feel that they are not succeeding in high school often drop out before graduating and go to work. Last year, however, the city’s high school dropout rate was significantly lower than the previous year’s rate. This is encouraging evidence that the program instituted two years ago to improve the morale of high school students has begun to take effect to reduce dropouts.

Which one of the following, if true about the last year, most seriously weakens the argument?

(A) There was a recession that caused a high level of unemployment in the city.

(B) The morale of students who dropped out of high school had been low even before they reached high school.

(C) As in the preceding year, more high school students remained in school than dropped out.

(D) High schools in the city established placement offices to assist their graduates in obtaining employment.

(E) The antidropout program was primarily aimed at improving students’ morale in those high school with the highest dropout rates.
我当初选的答案是C,不过是错的答案。C是说，dropout student,退学的学生没有比上学的学生多，但是原文的核心词是dropout rate,是两个词，注意后面一个是rate,概率的意思，就是退学率，这个和退学的学生是两个不同的概念，一个是百分比，一个是具体的数量。我当初读题的时候，只读了dropout，rate这个词根本没有注意，结果就选错了。如果注意这个dropout rate核心就会正确。
还有一例
Medical doctor: Sleep deprivation is the cause of many social ills, ranging from irritability to potentially dangerous instances of impaired decision making. Most people today suffer from sleep deprivation to some degree. Therefore we should restructure the workday to allow people flexibility in scheduling their work hours.

Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the medical doctor’s argument?

(A) The primary cause of sleep deprivation is overwork.

(B) Employees would get more sleep if they had greater latitude in scheduling their work hours.

(C) Individuals vary widely in the amount of sleep they require.

（D) More people would suffer from sleep deprivation today than did in the past if the average number of hours worked per week

had not decreased.

(E) The extent of one’s sleep deprivation is proportional to the length of one’s workday
我选的还是C,正确的是B,我今天早上重新看了一遍原题目，其实是sleep deprivation导致我们安排工作要有弹性，而不是sleep一个单词，我看题目忽略了deprivation,然后就选C了，如果认真读题，发现是睡眠缺少，那漏洞在增加睡眠上，而不是只光讲sleep。
我个人的体会是把一些核心词读仔细，往往一个两个字的忽略会导致错误的选项。还记得一个题目，说婴儿坐在车上的死亡率由于什么原因引起的，里面有个选择是说：婴儿坐在车子，这个和婴儿坐在车上的死亡率是两个不同的概念，但是有时候就会忽略这些细小的单词。不知道大家有没有我这样的理解误区和体会呢？

cathycathyhan

自己读题时候的一些体会（二）
我不知道大家有没有遇到这种题型，两个人对话，然后问你根据两个人的对话，第二个人回答第一个人基于什么逻辑理由？刚开始做这类题的时候，感到没什么头绪，但是做多了，还是有路可寻的：就是分析第一个人的premise、conclusion和分析第二个人的premise
、conclusion，比较两个人对话的一些共同点，然后就可以迎刃而解了。
例子1：
Anne: Halley’s Comet, now in a part of its orbit relatively far from the Sun, recently flared brightly enough to be seen by telescope. No comet has ever been observed to flare so far from the Sun before, so such a flare must be highly unusual.
Sue: Nonsense. Usually no one bothers to try to observe comets when they are so far from the Sun. This flare was observed only because an observatory was tracking Halley’s Comet very carefully.
Sue challenges Anne’s reasoning by
(A) pointing out that Anne’s use of the term “observed” is excessively vague
(B) drawing attention to an inconsistency between two of Anne’s claims
(C) presenting evidence that directly contradicts Anne’s evidence
(D) offering an alternative explanation for the evidence Anne cites
(E) undermining some of Anne’s evidence while agreeing with her conclusion
Anne的对话中，
premise: Halley’s Comet, now in a part of its orbit relatively far from the Sun, recently flared brightly enough to be seen by telescope
premise: No comet has ever been observed to flare so far from the Sun before
conclusion:  such a flare must be highly unusual.
Sue对话是：premise: Usually no one bothers to try to observe comets when they are so far from the Sun.
这两段分析中no comet has ever been observed to flare so far from the sun 是共同点。
Anne认为是a flare must be highly unusual导致的，而Sue认为usually no one brothers to try to observe导致的，所以对于造成结果的原因不同，这个就是最大的不同之处。
另外一个例子：
Ingrid: Rock music has produced no songs as durable as the songs of the 1940s, which
continue to be recorded by numerous performers.
Jerome: True, rock songs are usually recorded only once. If the original recording continues to be popular, however, that fact can indicate durability, and the best rock songs will prove to be durable.
Jerome responds to Ingrid’s claim by
(A) intentionally misinterpreting the claim
(B) showing that the claim necessarily leads to a contradiction
(C) undermining the truth of the evidence that Ingrid presents
(D) suggesting an alternative standard for judging the point at issue
(E) claiming that Ingrid’s knowledge of the period under discussion incomplete
I: premise: Rock music has produced no songs as durable as the songs of the 1940s,  conclusion: which continue to be recorded by numerous performers.
I: 因为录制者很多，所以造成摇滚乐一直录制。
J:  premise:  rock songs are usually recorded only once.
premise: If the original recording continues to be popular,
conclusion: that fact can indicate durability, and best rock songs will prove to be durable.
J:因为原唱受欢迎，所以唱片需要不停录制。
其中rock songs are recorded durable是两个人对话的共同点，但是形成的原因不一样。
不知道大家如何做这类题目的，我的思路是分析各自的因果关系，然后找到两个人对话的共同点，然后从共同点出发，看两个人的对话有什么不一样的地方再解题的。

cathycathyhan

不好意思，有一行多打了！不知道如何改！