狒狒逻辑上的几题纠结死了。。。求助！

xyc19901015

Rhizobium bacteria living in the roots of bean plants or other legumes produce fixed nitrogen, which is one of the essential plant nutrients and which for non-legume crops, such as wheat, normally must be supplied by applications of nitrogen-based fertilizer. So if biotechnology succeeds in producing wheat strains whose roots will play host to Rhizobium bacteria, the need for artificial fertilizers will be reduced.
The argument above makes which one of the following assumptions?
(A) Biotechnology should be directed toward producing plants that do not require artificial fertilize.
(B) Fixed nitrogen is currently the only soil nutrient that must be supplied by artificial fertilizer for growing wheat crops.
(C) There are no naturally occurring strains of wheat or other grasses that have Rhizobium bacteria living in their roots.
(D) Legumes are currently the only corps that produce their own supply of fixed nitrogen.
(E) Rhizobium bacteria living in the roots of wheat would produce fixed nitrogen.
答案选E，虽然我觉得这个答案很无聊，但确实是对的。。。但问题是我一开始选的B选项为什么是错的呢？我的思路是取反：如果fixed nitrogen不是唯一一种营养必须被fertilizer提供的话，那对fertilizer的需求不一定会减少

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In opposing the 1970 Clean Air Act, the United States automobile industry argued that meeting the act’s standards for automobile emissions was neither economically feasible nor environmentally necessary. However, the catalytic converter, invented in 1967, enabled automakers to meet the 1970 standards efficiently. Currently, automakers are lobbying against the government’s attempt to pass legislation that would tighten restrictions on automobile emissions. The automakers contend that these new restrictions would be overly expensive and unnecessary to efforts to curb air pollution. Clearly, the automobile industry’s position should not be heeded.

85. Which one of the following most accurately expresses the method used to counter the automakers’ current position?
(A) The automakers’ premises are shown to lead to a contradiction.
(B) Facts are mentioned that show that the automakers are relying on false information.
(C) A flaw is pointed out in the reasoning used by the automakers to reach their conclusion.
(D) A comparison is drawn between the automakers’ current position and a position they held in the past.
(E) Evidence is provided that the new emissions legislation is both economically feasible and environmentally necessary.
答案选C，我的问题是comparison在这里的意思是同类情况的比较吗？
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. Historian: We can learn about the medical history of individuals through chemical analysis of their hair. It is likely, for example, that Isaac Newton’s psychological problems were due to mercury poisoning; traces of mercury were found in his hair. Analysis is now being done on a lock of Beethoven’s hair. Although no convincing argument has shown that Beethoven ever had a venereal disease, some people hypothesize that venereal disease caused his deafness. Since mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’s time to treat venereal disease, if researchers find a trace of mercury in his hair, we can conclude that this hypothesis is correct.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the historian’s argument depends?

A.    None of the mercury introduced into the body can be eliminated.
B.    Some people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury.
C.    Mercury is an effective treatment for venereal disease.
D.    Mercury poisoning can cause deafness in people with venereal disease.
E.    Beethoven suffered from psychological problems of the same severity as Newton’s.
这题选B，我就是看不惯这个some，虽然有点钻牛角尖，但我觉得这答案实在太不严谨了，他如果改成most我肯定选它。。。我一开始选的是A，但过后我也觉得none有点太绝对了，所以我纠结在这道题中了，哪位大牛能让我解脱？先谢过了！

xyc19901015

谢谢ls的同志，但是我要更正一下的是第二题的答案我打错了，狒狒上说答案是D。。。抱歉哈

lovemd

第一题的B选项就不是一个客观事实……Fixed nitrogen 从逻辑和常识上讲就不是the only soil nutrient supplied by artificial fertilizer currently ，而且从题目也看不出来它是唯一的。
E选项其实不无聊。题目的结论就是建立在Rhizobium bacteria 移到wheat的根上依然可以produce fixed nitrogen。
这道题是一个类比论证题。
第二题D选项里的对automakers’过去和现在的观点进行比较，实际是没意义的，从automakers的观点永远是从他们本身的利益出发的，肯定在不同程度上都反对法案。
第三题，要选答案，首先要弄明白historian’s argument 是什么，我认为是a lock of Beethoven’s hair。所以只有B是对了。即假设有人是不用水银的，即使没有从贝多芬的的头发中发现水银，也不保证他没有得那个病。所以Lock就出现了