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揽瓜阁训练营 第七十八天(含CR,RC和DI题目)

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发表于 2024-3-6 08:05:03 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |正序浏览 |阅读模式
前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好,就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目~ 然后focus上线,IR需求 大家也大。就想着 把揽瓜阁的阅读 逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡

每日的解析在揽瓜阁2024群更新

RC题源:揽瓜阁精读的文章+机经的题目
CR题源:本月中文JJ改编
IR题源: 往届鸡精改编

打卡内容:
一周打卡五篇,科目不限。
每天上午管理员群内发布题目,群成员做完提交打卡,第二天发布解析

打卡内容建议:
阅读:写文章结构、笔记
逻辑:写逻辑链分析
IR:写做题思路和选项分析

【现在你的笔记越全,越能帮助你捋清思路,之后回顾总结。】
打卡方式:
可以在论坛留言区打卡,截图到群内
也可以在小红书/微博打卡,需写明任务内容是哪篇,并带上#揽瓜阁 #LGG #lgg 的 tag,截图到群内。



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1.CR

答案:
BC

2.DI

答案:
B。根据文章第一段的信息,中国铁路货运在总货运量中的份额从2010年的13.5%下降到2020年的9.1%。
D
B。根据文章第二段的信息,中国政府在"十四五"规划(2021-2025)中设定了将铁路在总货运量中的份额提高到15%的目标。
C。根据交通运输部的估计,如果将10%的长距离公路货运转移到铁路,每年可以减少3200万吨二氧化碳排放。

3.RC
The informal economy, also known as the "grey" or "underground" economy, encompasses legal activities whose participants evade taxes and regulatory compliance. While often associated with developing countries, the informal economy exists in both rich and poor nations alike. Recent research suggests that the informal sector is growing and may be impeding the overall economic growth of developing countries.

Estimating the size of the informal economy is challenging due to its inherent nature. Indirect methods, such as comparing cash transactions or electricity consumption with official output figures, provide better estimates than direct methods like surveys or tax audits. According to a study by Friedrich Schneider, the informal economy in developing countries in 2000 was equivalent to 41% of their official GDP, with figures as high as 60% in Zimbabwe. Even in OECD countries, the share of the informal economy was a significant 18%.

The informal economy's existence is unsurprising, given the advantages of operating in the shadows, such as avoiding income taxes, social-security charges, and compliance with safety, environmental, and health regulations. Cross-country comparisons reveal that the more expensive and complicated taxes and regulations are, the larger the informal economy as a share of GDP. Recent growth in the grey market in some poor countries may be attributed to the International Monetary Fund's austerity programs, which increase taxes and encourage entrepreneurs to opt out.

While a booming grey economy may seem like good news, as it provides a living for many officially jobless individuals, a new study by Diana Farrell of the McKinsey Global Institute suggests that the price for having a large grey economy can be much lower productivity. Grey firms tend to remain small to avoid attracting the attention of authorities, limiting their ability to capitalize on new technology and business practices. In Russia, for example, large supermarkets have a 5% cost advantage over small shops, but informal outlets can save 13% by staying in the shadows, indicating that the productivity benefits of greater scale are overshadowed by higher tax rates. As a result, some industries, particularly labor-intensive ones like retailing, remain fragmented and inefficient.

Formalizing the informal sector could add significant percentage points to productivity growth in countries such as Portugal, Turkey, and Brazil. Broadening the tax base, cutting rates, and improving enforcement would help address this issue. For example, if the Turkish government managed to collect 90% of its value-added-tax revenues instead of the current 64%, it could lower the tax rate from 18% to 13% without sacrificing any income. As long as tax rates remain high and the probability of detection low, grey activities will continue to have irresistible appeal.

What is the main idea of the passage?
a) The informal economy is a problem exclusive to developing countries.
b) The informal economy is growing and may be hindering economic growth in developing countries.
c) The informal economy is beneficial for entrepreneurs in developing countries.
d) The informal economy has no impact on the overall economy of a country.
e) The informal economy is a result of high tax rates in developed countries.

According to the passage, which of the following methods is considered better for estimating the size of the informal economy?
a) Surveys and tax audits
b) Comparing cash transactions or electricity consumption with official output figures
c) Analyzing the number of registered businesses in a country
d) Calculating the number of officially jobless individuals
e) Measuring the GDP of a country

What is the main reason for the existence of the informal economy?
a) Lack of job opportunities in the formal sector
b) Advantages of operating in the shadows, such as avoiding taxes and regulations
c) Inability of governments to enforce laws and regulations
d) Lack of education and skills among entrepreneurs
e) High demand for goods and services provided by the informal sector

According to the study by Diana Farrell, what is the consequence of having a large grey economy?
a) Increased job opportunities for the officially jobless
b) Higher productivity due to the use of new technology and business practices
c) Lower productivity due to the small scale of grey firms
d) Increased tax revenue for the government
e) Improved efficiency in labor-intensive industries

What measures does the author suggest to address the issue of the informal economy?
a) Increasing tax rates and improving enforcement
b) Broadening the tax base, cutting rates, and improving enforcement
c) Providing incentives for entrepreneurs to operate in the formal sector
d) Increasing government spending on infrastructure and social programs
e) Encouraging the growth of large-scale businesses in the informal sector

答案:
BBBCB

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55#
发表于 2024-3-24 12:14:36 | 只看该作者
第七十八天
一个村庄有奇怪的传染病,医生认为是有毒的植物,村民认为是传染病,而不是毒植物。假设题b
公司决定增加健身设施和常规医疗检查。支持者认为会增加员工生产力,反对者认为这对员工的表现没有影响。假设题 c

di
铁路运输占比减少,公路运输占比增大,是因为环境因素。
铁路运输便宜。
b
c(答案c?)
b
c

RC
信息经济阻碍发展中国家整体的经济发展。
信息经济在很多国家占比很大。
信息经济的存在合理。税收越大的国家,信息经济在GDP中占比越大。
信息经济行业为失业人员提供就业机会。为了躲避政府官员的注意,这些公司规模小,限制了创新等发展。
正规化这个产业能帮助国家解决生产发展问题。减少税收率,不会影响国家收入。如果税收率持续高,那么这个行业会继续发展。
e 错误原因没仔细看定语 in developed countries是错误的(答案b)
b
b
c
b



词汇
freight n 运输
metric a 公制的
austerity n 严厉
opt out 决定退出
54#
发表于 2024-3-21 00:31:09 | 只看该作者
Day78

CR

1- E (B)
facts: locals die, doctors think a local plant cause the death, local residents do not agree with the doctors, they think the death caused by a contiguous decease
P: local ppl can distinguish the difference between contiguous decease but doctors cannot
C: contiguous decease rather than local plant cause the death
Q: Assumption


2- C

F: a new health program will cost a significant number, some board members think it worth the cost because it will help to improve overall health of staff and improve productivity, but other members do not agree
P: the program will not help to improve health and increase productivity
C: the health program will not help to improve health of employees and reduce absence
Q: Assumption

DI

B B B C


RC

P1: intro of grey economy, both in rich and poor countries, is harmful in development
P2: measuring the size of a economy is difficult
P3: expensive tax and complicated regulations lead to more grey economy
P4: grey economy is small, do not favor of efficiency
P5: economy switching from informal to formal help economy grow

1-B
2-B
3- B
4- C
5- B
53#
发表于 2024-3-19 16:08:20 | 只看该作者
Mark一下!               
52#
发表于 2024-3-19 15:36:13 | 只看该作者
AC
感觉这两道题都比较难。第一题想了很久,本来想选C。但是意识到C并不是一个必要条件,只是一个加强原文观点的事实。A的话比较像正确答案:这两种症状必须很明白地能被区分出来,要不然原文地结论就不能成立。
第二题也是想了很久,一开始又看错了问题assumpyion的话只有C能靠得上了,虽然我觉得很牵强,但是别的选项方向都反了。
51#
发表于 2024-3-14 12:41:33 | 只看该作者
CR:
1.        假设
P:医生认为森林里的有毒植物造成村民异常死亡
C:村民认为是传染病造成死亡。
选A。 由于文章主结论是传染病造成死亡,所以选项里只有A最贴近排除有毒植物的可能。

2.        假设
P:公司要给健身补助,赞同的人说会提高员工生产力
C:反对的人说不会影响员工表现。
选C。 因为员工已经很积极健身,所以新补助不会有太大效果。
50#
发表于 2024-3-13 16:20:15 | 只看该作者
CR:AC
49#
发表于 2024-3-12 17:52:14 | 只看该作者
In a remote village, a series of mysterious deaths have occurred. The victims all experienced similar symptoms, including severe headaches and vomiting before their deaths. The local doctor suspects that a toxic plant found in the nearby forest is responsible for these deaths. However, some villagers argue that the deaths could be due to a contagious disease rather than the toxic plant. What assumption does this argument rely on?
A) The symptoms caused by the toxic plant are easily distinguishable from those of a contagious disease.不直接支持传染病
B) The villagers have been in contact with an infected individual who spread the disease.假设直接支持了传染病的可能性,认为疾病是通过人与人之间的接触传播的。
C) The toxic plant is the only potential cause of the symptoms observed in the victims.与传染病的论点相反
D) The toxic plant has been previously documented as causing similar symptoms in other regions.不直接解释现在的症状。
E) The symptoms caused by the toxic plant are more severe and rapidly progressing compared to those of a contagious disease.没有直接支持传染病的可能性
A company is considering implementing a new employee wellness program, which includes a gym membership subsidy and regular health check-ups. The program is expected to incur significant costs. The company's management team is divided on whether to proceed with the program. Those in favor argue that the program will result in reduced absenteeism and increased employee productivity. However, some members of the team argue against the program, claiming that it will have no impact on employee performance. What assumption does this argument rely on?
A) The employees have expressed a strong desire for the implementation of a wellness program.无关选项
B) The company has experienced a high rate of absenteeism and low productivity in the past.并未直接支持计划无效的观点
C) The employees are already self-motivated to maintain their health and well-being.直接解释了反对计划的论点
D) Other companies in the industry have successfully implemented similar wellness programs.无关选项
E) The costs associated with the employee wellness program exceed the potential benefits gained.讨论了成本和收益,但并非直接说明计划不影响性能
48#
发表于 2024-3-12 09:24:25 发自 iPhone | 只看该作者
RC:bbbcb
Cr: ac
47#
发表于 2024-3-11 23:12:54 | 只看该作者
RC
第1段:灰色经济时常涉及法律问题。虽然在发达国家和发展中国家都存在,但是随着灰色经济的蔓延,将阻碍发展中国家整体的经济增长。
第2段:对灰色经济的预测很困难,通过现金交易或用电量与官方数据对比的间接方法可以更好地估算。很多国家灰色经济的占比很高。
第3段:灰色经济的存在主要是为了逃避税务、社保以及一些法律法规。一个国家的税务越高、法规越严苛,灰色经济会越大。
第4段:灰色经济虽然解决了就业问题,但是却降低了生产力。为了逃避视线,灰色产业一般不会扩张,限制了自身的改善和发展。
第5段:降低税率、加强管控可以有效减少灰色经济。
B、B、B、C、B

CR
一个村子里出现了一系列莫名的死亡事件
死者都有类似的症状,生前有过剧烈的头痛并且伴随呕吐
医生怀疑死亡和本地一种有毒植物有关
但是居民认为更有可能是和传染病有关
问assumption
B:死亡的居民生前有过接触

一个公司正在考虑是否实施一项健康福利项目
支持的人认为可以提高员工体质,提高出勤率,提高效率
反对的人认为这个项目不会提高员工的表现
问assumption
E:成本比好处更大
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