[揽瓜阁精读] 313.Matthew Arnold

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Matthew Arnold, through his Culture and Anarchy (1869), placed the word “culture” at the center of debates about the goals of intellectual life and humanistic society. Arnold’s definition of culture as “the pursuit of perfection by getting to know the best which has been thought and said” helped define the Western world’s liberal arts curriculum over the next century. Although three forms of dissent from his views have had considerable impact of their own, each one misunderstands Arnold.

The first protested Arnold’s designation of “anarchy” as culture’s enemy, viewing this dichotomy simply as a struggle between a privileged power structure and radical challenges to it. Yet, Arnold himself was plagued in his soul by the blind arrogance of the world’s reactionary powers. Another form of opposition saw Arnold’s culture as a perverse perpetuation of literary learning in a world where science had become the new arch from which any new order of thinking must develop. At the center of the “two cultures” debate were the goals of the formal educational curriculum, the principal vehicle through which Arnoldian culture operates. But Arnold himself had viewed culture as enacting its life in a much more broadly conceived set of institutions. Today, Arnoldian culture is sustained, if indirectly, by a third form of dissent, multiculturalism, which seeks to deflate the imperious authority that “high culture” exercises over curriculum while promoting the idea that we must learn what is representative because we have overemphasized what is exceptional. Yet, multiculturalism actually affirms Arnold by returning us to a tension inherent in the idea of culture. The social critics, defenders of science, and multiculturalists wrongly insist that Arnold’s culture is simply a device for ordering us about. Instead, it is designed to register the gathering of ideological clouds on the horizon. Perfection mattered to Arnold only as the background against which we could form a just image of our actual circumstances, just as we can conceive finer sunsets and unheard melodies.

Blair1001

P1
WA的作品将文化置于人类精神和社会的中心。他将文化表述为追求最好的思考和表达。有三种对其的反对意见，但是他们都是误解。
P2
第一种反对意见认为无政府主义是文化的敌人，将这种一分为二作为有权有势与反抗者之间的斗争。但是然而A本身对反对势力的盲目自大很头疼。
第二种反对意见认为A将文化作为了解世界的永恒方法，但是科学已经变成了主宰思考规则的事物。然而A将文化作为使生活更加宽广的方式。
第三种反对意见是多元文化，这种观点认为我们必须知道代表性而不是排他性。但是多元文化确实让我们去了解根植于文化的张力。
上述三个观点都错误的认为A提出的文化只是简单的指导我们的工具。然而，它是将地平线上的云聚集在一起。完美对于A来说只是一种背景，反对只从真实环境中获取，正如我们要接受更好的日落和没听过的乐曲。

查不喜欢

是一个文学方面的帖子，主要难在1、单词难，2、视角转换比较难，看了第一遍是屡不清楚的。
第一段：介绍了Matthew Arnold和culture理论被误解。
第二段：分别阐释了被误解的地方和作者的观点
1、anarchy误解为敌人——Arnold’对反抗力量的盲目自信
2、科学是一种思考的发展形式 ，Same-核心：教育的目标 反驳：Arnold——more broadly
3、third form of dissent——学习representativ（multiculturalism）有centrel——wrongly insist（反驳）只是一种工具
4、Instead,作者观点（比喻？）完美只是作为背景，我们可以根据它形成我们实际情况的公正形象。

吱野

HelenC24

1.        MA—culture at the centre of debates about goal of intellectual life and humanistic society—definition. 3 forms of dissent from his view, misunderstand MA
2.        First—anarchy; 2-perverse perpetuation of literary learning
3.        Two culture debate—But A viewed culture as enacting life in more broadly conceived set of institurion
4.        Today, 3-dissent-multiculturalism.
词很难，具象化比较难，理论层面的东西，提炼结构找出观点的不同

毛甲鱼

        ▪ MA-culture
                ○ Define liberal arts curriculum
                ○ Three forms of dissent-impact but misunderstand
        ▪ Three forms of dissent
                ○ First: anarchy as culture enemy
                        § yet was plagued
                ○ Second: perverse perpetuation of literary learning
                        §  viewed culture as enacting its life
                ○ Third: multiculturalism
                        § Affirms
        ▪ Author: wrong = device for ordering us, perfection only as background