193 非洲导演
Senegalese 塞内加尔人 塞内加尔的
P1: many critics: OS works’ primary characteristic is its sociopolitical commitment. OS:trained in M in methods of socialist realism and asserts his films are not for compatriots(同胞), but to raise their awareness of the past and present realities of their society. But his originality as a filmmaker lies most strikingly in his having successfully adapted film, originally a Western cultural medium, to the needs ,pace, and structures of West African culture.作为电影制作人,他最引人注目的独创性在于,他成功地将原本是西方文化媒介的电影改编成了西非文化的需要、节奏和结构。African oral culture techniques and strategies that enable him to express his views and to reach both literate(有读写能力的,识字儿的) and nonli S viewers.
P2: Some characters and motifs form S can be traced those found in WA. E.g. tree. Most characters are types embodying collective ideas or attitudes. And these types face archetypal (原始的 典型的)predicaments(困难).
P3: S’s films derive from WA dilemma tales. Open-endedness of most of OS’s plots reveals that S leaves it to his viewers to complete his narratives. His frequent use of freeze-frames which carry the suggestion of continued action. His film denounce social and political injustice. Protagonists’(主角)social consciousness emerges from self-consciousness brought about by the juxtaposition(并列) of opposites’ social context. Such binary(二重的)oppositions used analogously in WA tales and are related to A oral storytelling more than to the M components of his ideology.
文章大意:讨论S film的特点。旧观点认为最重要的是 sociopolitical commitment,作者观点认为最重要的是他的 film适应于西非的文化(not socio)。举了三个例子来说明。
Many critics: primary=sociopolitical commitment
But author: adapt film to west african culture
--characters and motifs in traditional west african storytelling
Eg:tree;tricster
--moreover, derive from WA dilemma tales
Eg: with several alternative
--finally:initiatory journeys
OS的电影也有很多来自他们的关于艰难困苦的传说,开放式的结局常让观众自己去想象。比如像在电影BS,M 和 C 里面,他设置了几种结局。开放性结局也体现在留个悬念给续集上。而主角常有强烈的自我意识,OS希望他的电影能反应社会不公平。好对坏,平民对权贵,贫穷对富有。这些更多的是来自西非的传统文化故事,跟马克思没啥关系。
193 非洲导演
Main idea: Sembène’s films are notable in that they use elements derived from traditional West African storytelling to comment critically on contemporary social and political issues.
P1
评论家对S导演的评价
S的教育背景和他的电影理念:不娱乐,引起同胞对社会问题的关注
作为电影人最d的地方在一样将西方文化媒介应用于西非文化
而非洲的oral culture可以使得他向不同受众表达出他的想法
P2
详细介绍S的电影风格,深受西非叙事风格影响
角色都是集体思想的缩影,并且都饱受苦难
P3
moreover承接上文,继续详解S的电影风格
开放结尾,观众自己脑补
在电影里,S抨击不公,使用善恶穷富官民二元对立的场景使得主角唤醒自我
这种二元对立更多和非洲叙事风格有关,而不是很多评论家认为的S心中的马克思主义
长难句
Sembène’s narratives take the form of initiatory journeys that bring about a basic change in the worldview of the protagonist and ultimately, Sembène hopes, in 【that】of the viewer.
插入语,代词
S的叙事采用启蒙之旅的形式带给主角世界观的转变,同样S希望能改变观众的思想
initiatory here means transformative