[揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day21

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Day 21
1.        新药广告投放与销量
三年前美国政府准许了perception meditation的广告投放，然后发现三年过去大量投放广告的药品销量增加。 结论是这些广告导致了人们主动要求医生来开这些药。 问加强。
【类似题目】It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except directly to physicians, either by mail or in medical journals.  A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications.  Opponents object that the general population lacks the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications.  But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, inappropriate prescriptions would not become more common.
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?
(A) Whether advertising for prescription medications might alert patients to the existence of effective treatments for minor ailments that they had previously thought to be untreatable
(B) Whether some people might go to a physician for no reason other than to ask for a particular medication they have seen advertised
(C) Whether the proposed law requires prescription-medication advertisements directed to the general public to provide the same information as do advertisements directed to physicians
(D) Whether advertisements for prescription medications are currently an important source of information about newly available medications for physicians
(E) Whether physicians would give in to a patient's demand for a prescription medication chosen by the patient when the one originally prescribed by the physician fails to perform as desired
2.        收购农业土地
Environmental organizations want to preserve the land surrounding the Wilgrinn Wilderness Area from residential development. They plan to do this by purchasing that land from the farmers who own it.  That plan is ill-conceived:  if the farmers did sell their land, they would sell it to the highest bidder, and developers would outbid any other bidders.  On the other hand, these farmers will never actually sell any of the land, provided that farming it remains viable. But farming will not remain viable if the farms are left unmodernized, and most of the farmers lack the financial resources modernization requires.  And that is exactly why a more sensible preservation strategy would be to assist the farmers to modernize their farms to the extent needed to maintain viability.
In the argument as a whole, the two boldface proportions play which of the following roles?
A. The first presents a goal that the argument rejects as ill-conceived; the second is evidence that is presented as grounds for that rejection.
B. The first presents a goal that the argument concludes cannot be attained; the second is a reason offered in support of that conclusion.
C. The first presents a goal that the argument concludes can be attained; the second is a judgment disputing that conclusion.
D. The first presents a goal, strategies for achieving which are being evaluated in the argument; the second is a judgment providing a basis for the argument’s advocacy of a particular strategy.
E. The first presents a goal that the argument endorses; the second presents a situation that the argument contends must be changed if that goal is to be met in the foreseeable future.
3.        某prep原题
One of the limiting factors in human physical performance is the amount of oxygen that is absorbed by the muscles from the bloodstream. Accordingly, entrepreneurs have begun selling at gymnasium and health club bottles of drinking water, labeled ‘super OXY’, that has extra oxygen dissolved in the water, such water would be useless in improving physical performance. However, since the amount of oxygen in the blood of someone who is exercising is already more than the muscle cell can absorb.
which of the following，if true，would serve the same function in the grammar as the statement in boldface？
A. word-class athletes turn in record performances without such water
B. frequent physical exercise increases the body’s ability to take in and use oxygen
C. the only way to get oxygen into the blood steam so that it can be absorbed by the muscles is through the lungs
D. lack of oxygen is not the only factor limiting human physical performance
E. the water lost in exercising can be replaced with ordinary tap water.

顾周i

Day 21
1.        新药广告投放与销量
三年前美国政府准许了perception meditation的广告投放，然后发现三年过去大量投放广告的药品销量增加。 结论是这些广告导致了人们主动要求医生来开这些药。 问加强。
【类似题目】It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except directly to physicians, either by mail or in medical journals.  A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications.  Opponents object that the general population lacks the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications.  But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, inappropriate prescriptions would not become more common.
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?
(A) Whether advertising for prescription medications might alert patients to the existence of effective treatments for minor ailments that they had previously thought to be untreatable
(B) Whether some people might go to a physician for no reason other than to ask for a particular medication they have seen advertised
(C) Whether the proposed law requires prescription-medication advertisements directed to the general public to provide the same information as do advertisements directed to physicians
(D) Whether advertisements for prescription medications are currently an important source of information about newly available medications for physicians
(E) Whether physicians would give in to a patient's demand for a prescription medication chosen by the patient when the one originally prescribed by the physician fails to perform as desired

共轭因果

P：准许了广告投放；投放广告的药品销量增加

C：广告让人来买药

加强：1⃣️排他因2⃣️加强直接因果相关

猜测

不是别的原因，就是看了广告才过来买药的

广告对消费者的作用——导致他们来买药

变体题：最终话语权在医生手里诶，那医生会不会告诉病人这个药品合不合适呢？——E（不开，买不到；开了，行吧买吧）

2.        收购农业土地
Environmental organizations want to preserve the land surrounding the Wilgrinn Wilderness Area from residential development. They plan to do this by purchasing that land from the farmers who own it.  That plan is ill-conceived:  if the farmers did sell their land, they would sell it to the highest bidder, and developers would outbid any other bidders.  On the other hand, these farmers will never actually sell any of the land, provided that farming it remains viable. But farming will not remain viable if the farms are left unmodernized, and most of the farmers lack the financial resources modernization requires.  And that is exactly why a more sensible preservation strategy would be to assist the farmers to modernize their farms to the extent needed to maintain viability.
In the argument as a whole, the two boldface proportions play which of the following roles?
A. The first presents a goal that the argument rejects as ill-conceived; the second is evidence that is presented as grounds for that rejection.
B. The first presents a goal that the argument concludes cannot be attained; the second is a reason offered in support of that conclusion.
C. The first presents a goal that the argument concludes can be attained; the second is a judgment disputing that conclusion.
D. The first presents a goal, strategies for achieving which are being evaluated in the argument; the second is a judgment providing a basis for the argument’s advocacy of a particular strategy.
E. The first presents a goal that the argument endorses; the second presents a situation that the argument contends must be changed if that goal is to be met in the foreseeable future.

第一句是环保组织的目的

第二句措施

第三句对措施的评价

第四局也是对措施评价（另一个角度切入）

第五句反第四句

第六句，提出新的措施

全篇，没有否定环保组织的目的，而是criticize他们的方法

D

3.        某prep原题
One of the limiting factors in human physical performance is the amount of oxygen that is absorbed by the muscles from the bloodstream. Accordingly, entrepreneurs have begun selling at gymnasium and health club bottles of drinking water, labeled ‘super OXY’, that has extra oxygen dissolved in the water, such water would be useless in improving physical performance. However, since the amount of oxygen in the blood of someone who is exercising is already more than the muscle cell can absorb.
which of the following，if true，would serve the same function in the grammar as the statement in boldface？
A. word-class athletes turn in record performances without such water
B. frequent physical exercise increases the body’s ability to take in and use oxygen
C. the only way to get oxygen into the blood steam so that it can be absorbed by the muscles is through the lungs
D. lack of oxygen is not the only factor limiting human physical performance
E. the water lost in exercising can be replaced with ordinary tap water.

最后一句是论据，加强useless的论证

C

PBkk

Day 21
1.        新药广告投放与销量
三年前美国政府准许了perception meditation的广告投放，然后发现三年过去大量投放广告的药品销量增加。 结论是这些广告导致了人们主动要求医生来开这些药。 问加强。
【类似题目】It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except directly to physicians, either by mail or in medical journals.  A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications.  Opponents object that the general population lacks the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications.  But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, inappropriate prescriptions would not become more common.
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?
(A) Whether advertising for prescription medications might alert patients to the existence of effective treatments for minor ailments that they had previously thought to be untreatable
(B) Whether some people might go to a physician for no reason other than to ask for a particular medication they have seen advertised
(C) Whether the proposed law requires prescription-medication advertisements directed to the general public to provide the same information as do advertisements directed to physicians
(D) Whether advertisements for prescription medications are currently an important source of information about newly available medications for physicians
(E) Whether physicians would give in to a patient's demand for a prescription medication chosen by the patient when the one originally prescribed by the physician fails to perform as desired
E

2.        收购农业土地
Environmental organizations want to preserve the land surrounding the Wilgrinn Wilderness Area from residential development. They plan to do this by purchasing that land from the farmers who own it.  That plan is ill-conceived:  if the farmers did sell their land, they would sell it to the highest bidder, and developers would outbid any other bidders.  On the other hand, these farmers will never actually sell any of the land, provided that farming it remains viable. But farming will not remain viable if the farms are left unmodernized, and most of the farmers lack the financial resources modernization requires.  And that is exactly why a more sensible preservation strategy would be to assist the farmers to modernize their farms to the extent needed to maintain viability.
In the argument as a whole, the two boldface proportions play which of the following roles?
A. The first presents a goal that the argument rejects as ill-conceived; the second is evidence that is presented as grounds for that rejection.
B. The first presents a goal that the argument concludes cannot be attained; the second is a reason offered in support of that conclusion.
C. The first presents a goal that the argument concludes can be attained; the second is a judgment disputing that conclusion.
D. The first presents a goal, strategies for achieving which are being evaluated in the argument; the second is a judgment providing a basis for the argument’s advocacy of a particular strategy.
E. The first presents a goal that the argument endorses; the second presents a situation that the argument contends must be changed if that goal is to be met in the foreseeable future.

D

3.        某prep原题
One of the limiting factors in human physical performance is the amount of oxygen that is absorbed by the muscles from the bloodstream. Accordingly, entrepreneurs have begun selling at gymnasium and health club bottles of drinking water, labeled ‘super OXY’, that has extra oxygen dissolved in the water, such water would be useless in improving physical performance. However, since the amount of oxygen in the blood of someone who is exercising is already more than the muscle cell can absorb.
which of the following，if true，would serve the same function in the grammar as the statement in boldface？
A. word-class athletes turn in record performances without such water
B. frequent physical exercise increases the body’s ability to take in and use oxygen
C. the only way to get oxygen into the blood steam so that it can be absorbed by the muscles is through the lungs
D. lack of oxygen is not the only factor limiting human physical performance
E. the water lost in exercising can be replaced with ordinary tap water.



C

WinnerWSW

1. 新药广告投放与销量
三年前美国政府准许了prescription medication的广告投放，然后发现三年过去大量投放广告的药品销量增加。 结论是这些广告导致了人们主动要求医生来开这些药。 问加强。解析：
加强题
①当病人看了广告后，向医生索要广告里的处方药时，医生并不会对病人到底适不适用这种药加以判断，而是会直接同意病人的请求。

【类似题目】It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except directly to physicians, either by mail or in medical journals.  A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications.  Opponents object that the general population lacks the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications.  But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, inappropriate prescriptions would not become more common.
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?
(A) Whether advertising for prescription medications might alert patients to the existence of effective treatments for minor ailments that they had previously thought to be untreatable
(B) Whether some people might go to a physician for no reason other than to ask for a particular medication they have seen advertised
(C) Whether the proposed law requires prescription-medication advertisements directed to the general public to provide the same information as do advertisements directed to physicians
(D) Whether advertisements for prescription medications are currently an important source of information about newly available medications for physicians
(E) Whether physicians would give in to a patient's demand for a prescription medication chosen by the patient when the one originally prescribed by the physician fails to perform as desired
答案：E
解析：
评价题
在H这个地方，给处方药打广告是违法的，除非是通过邮件或医学杂志直接推荐给医生。有一项提案将会允许广泛的处方药广告。有反对者反对称人们基本上都缺乏评估这种广告的专业知识，并且有可能会请求他们的医生开不适合的药。但是因为对于是否给病人开一种药医生有着最终的决定权，所以不合适的要并不会变得更加普遍。以下哪项能有效地评估这个观点？
A.处方药的广告是否会让患者知道存在着有效的治疗方法可以用于他们之前所认为的无法医治的小病。（与处方药广告是否会造成药物被滥用无关。）
B.有些人是否会不为其他的，就是为了想要从医生那里得到他们在广告上面看到的某种药而去看医生。（就算病人冲着广告里的处方药去医院找医生要，那又能怎么样？只要医生坚决不同意给他吃这种不合适的药物，那病人就不能得逞。而且some通常是无关概率）
C.这个提案是否会要求处方药广告给普罗大众和医生提供相同的信息。（虽然医生和病人得到的关于药物的信息是相同的，但是由于医生有专业的医学知识，而患者却没有专业知识，所以二者对于相同信息的加工方式是不同的，进而会得出不一样的判断。）
D.处方药广告对于医生来说是否是一个得知新药物信息的重要来源。（就算广告是医生获取药物信息的重要来源也无所谓，因为医生还可以有其他的信息来源，这并不影响医生通过专业知识判断药物对于患者来说到底适不适合。）
E.当医生最初开的药并没有发挥出其预期的效果时，医生会不会就此屈服于病人想要自己选择的处方药的需求。（如果是的话，说明医生确实会迫于患者的压力，而服从于患者的开药请求，那么当医生没有了“判断处方药是否对患者适用，否则不给患者开这种药”这种底线的时候，广告里的处方药就会被滥用了。）

2.收购农业土地
Environmental organizations want to preserve the land surrounding the Wilgrinn Wilderness Area from residential development. They plan to do this by purchasing that land from the farmers who own it.  That plan is ill-conceived:  if the farmers did sell their land, they would sell it to the highest bidder, and developers would outbid any other bidders.  On the other hand, these farmers will never actually sell any of the land, provided that farming it remains viable. But farming will not remain viable if the farms are left unmodernized, and most of the farmers lack the financial resources modernization requires.  And that is exactly why a more sensible preservation strategy would be to assist the farmers to modernize their farms to the extent needed to maintain viability.
In the argument as a whole, the two boldface proportions play which of the following roles?
A. The first presents a goal that the argument rejects as ill-conceived; the second is evidence that is presented as grounds for that rejection.
B. The first presents a goal that the argument concludes cannot be attained; the second is a reason offered in support of that conclusion.
C. The first presents a goal that the argument concludes can be attained; the second is a judgment disputing that conclusion.
D. The first presents a goal, strategies for achieving which are being evaluated in the argument; the second is a judgment providing a basis for the argument’s advocacy of a particular strategy.
E. The first presents a goal that the argument endorses; the second presents a situation that the argument contends must be changed if that goal is to be met in the foreseeable future.答案：D
解析：
boldface题
环境组织想要保护WW地区周围的土地不被用于住宅开发。他们计划通过从拥有土地的农民手里收购这些用地来达到目的。这个计划是考虑不周的：就算农民要卖他们的土地，也会卖给出价最高者，并且开发商的出价会高于其他人。另一方面，这些农民不会真的出售任何土地，因为他们还要在上面耕种。但是如果农业仍处于非现代化的状态的话，耕种就不会一直可行，并且大多数农民缺少农业现代化所需的经济来源。所以，更合理的保护措施是帮助农民把当地农业达到维持耕种可行性的现代化程度。
第一部分提出了一个目标，论证中评估了要达到这一目标需要的策略；
第二部分是一个判断，为论点主张的策略提供了依据。

3.某prep原题
One of the limiting factors in human physical performance is the amount of oxygen that is absorbed by the muscles from the bloodstream. Accordingly, entrepreneurs have begun selling at gymnasium and health club bottles of drinking water, labeled ‘super OXY’, that has extra oxygen dissolved in the water, such water would be useless in improving physical performance. However, since the amount of oxygen in the blood of someone who is exercising is already more than the muscle cell can absorb.
which of the following，if true，would serve the same function in the grammar as the statement in boldface？
A. word-class athletes turn in record performances without such water
B. frequent physical exercise increases the body’s ability to take in and use oxygen
C. the only way to get oxygen into the blood steam so that it can be absorbed by the muscles is through the lungs
D. lack of oxygen is not the only factor limiting human physical performance
E. the water lost in exercising can be replaced with ordinary tap water.
答案：C
解析：
功能题（以下哪项和划线句子起到相同的作用？）
人体机能的限制性因素之一是肌肉从血流中吸收的氧气量。于是，企业家们开始在健身房出售标有“超级氧气”的瓶装饮用水，水中溶解又额外的氧气，这种水对于提高身体机能毫无用处。因为一个做运动的人血液中的氧气含量已经超过肌肉能吸收的量了。（表明并不是血液中氧气不足，而是血液中其实还有氧气，只是肌肉中的氧气已经饱和了，就算给它再多的氧气，也无法改善了，所以喝带氧气的水没用。）
A.世界级运动员没喝这种水也有创纪录的表现。（不能说明这种水完全没用，因为运动员和大多数人身体条件不同，不喝水也能表现好；而且或许运动员喝了这种水表现更好呢。）
B.频繁的运动提高了身体吸收和利用氧气的能力。（似乎有认为这种水有用的意味，方向不对。）
C.氧气只有通过肺部被呼吸进入血流，才能够被肌肉吸收。（正确，完全杜绝了喝这种水能改善身体机能的可能性，只有吸进去的氧气才作数，喝进去的不行，这确实说明这种水毫无卵用。）
D.氧气缺乏并不是限制人类体能的唯一因素。（跳出讨论范围，无关。）
E.锻炼过程中丢失的水分可以通过自来水补充回来。（没有谈论氧气的事情，无关。）

ZZhiyan

1.        新药广告投放与销量
三年前美国政府准许了perception meditation的广告投放，然后发现三年过去大量投放广告的药品销量增加。 结论是这些广告导致了人们主动要求医生来开这些药。 问加强。
【类似题目】It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except directly to physicians, either by mail or in medical journals.  A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications.  Opponents object that the general population lacks the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications.  But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, inappropriate prescriptions would not become more common.
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?
(A) Whether advertising for prescription medications might alert patients to the existence of effective treatments for minor ailments that they had previously thought to be untreatable
(B) Whether some people might go to a physician for no reason other than to ask for a particular medication they have seen advertised
(C) Whether the proposed law requires prescription-medication advertisements directed to the general public to provide the same information as do advertisements directed to physicians
(D) Whether advertisements for prescription medications are currently an important source of information about newly available medications for physicians
(E) Whether physicians would give in to a patient's demand for a prescription medication chosen by the patient when the one originally prescribed by the physician fails to perform as desiredP：政府允许处方药的广告
P2：投放广告的处方药销量增加
C：是因为投放广告导致销量增加
答案：E，加强了广告投放的作用：因为之前开的药没有理想效果，所以医生会问病患想开什么药

2.        收购农业土地
Environmental organizations want to preserve the land surrounding the Wilgrinn Wilderness Area from residential development. They plan to do this by purchasing that land from the farmers who own it.  That plan is ill-conceived:  if the farmers did sell their land, they would sell it to the highest bidder, and developers would outbid any other bidders.  On the other hand, these farmers will never actually sell any of the land, provided that farming it remains viable. But farming will not remain viable if the farms are left unmodernized, and most of the farmers lack the financial resources modernization requires.  And that is exactly why a more sensible preservation strategy would be to assist the farmers to modernize their farms to the extent needed to maintain viability.
In the argument as a whole, the two boldface proportions play which of the following roles?
A. The first presents a goal that the argument rejects as ill-conceived; the second is evidence that is presented as grounds for that rejection.
B. The first presents a goal that the argument concludes cannot be attained; the second is a reason offered in support of that conclusion.
C. The first presents a goal that the argument concludes can be attained; the second is a judgment disputing that conclusion.
D. The first presents a goal, strategies for achieving which are being evaluated in the argument; the second is a judgment providing a basis for the argument’s advocacy of a particular strategy.
E. The first presents a goal that the argument endorses; the second presents a situation that the argument contends must be changed if that goal is to be met in the foreseeable future.

3.        某prep原题
One of the limiting factors in human physical performance is the amount of oxygen that is absorbed by the muscles from the bloodstream. Accordingly, entrepreneurs have begun selling at gymnasium and health club bottles of drinking water, labeled ‘super OXY’, that has extra oxygen dissolved in the water, such water would be useless in improving physical performance. However, since the amount of oxygen in the blood of someone who is exercising is already more than the muscle cell can absorb.
which of the following，if true，would serve the same function in the grammar as the statement in boldface？
A. word-class athletes turn in record performances without such water
B. frequent physical exercise increases the body’s ability to take in and use oxygen
C. the only way to get oxygen into the blood steam so that it can be absorbed by the muscles is through the lungs
D. lack of oxygen is not the only factor limiting human physical performance
E. the water lost in exercising can be replaced with ordinary tap water.

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