揽瓜阁阅读做题小分队 第186天 男女差异

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At present, schooling and testing discriminate against both sexes, ignoring differences that have been observed by parents and educators for years. Boys suffer in primary-school classrooms, which are ideally suited to the way girls think. Girls suffer later, when they must take scholarship tests that are geared for male performance.

Typically, such differences are explained on a cultural basis. Boys are expected to be more aggressive and play rough games, while girls are presumably encouraged to be gentle and non-assertive. After years of exposure to such expectations, the theory goes, men and women wind up with widely varying behavioral and intellectual repertoires. As a corollary, many people believe that if child-rearing practices could be equalized and sexual stereotypes eliminated, most of these differences would eventually disappear.

Evidence from recent brain research suggests that some behavioral differences between men and women are based on differences in brain functioning that are biologically inherent and unlikely to be changed by cultural factors alone. One clue to brain differences came from observations of infants. One study found that from shortly after birth, females are more sensitive to certain types of sounds, particular to a mother's voice. Females are generally more attentive to social contexts - faces, speech patterns, subtle voice cues.

Boys, in contrast, show an early visual superiority. They are also clumsier, performing poorly at tasks like arranging a row of beads, but excel at activities calling on total body co-ordination. Their attentional mechanisms are also different. A boy will react to an inanimate object as quickly as he will to a person. A male baby will often ignore the mother and babble to a blinking light, fixate on a geometric figure and, at a later point, manipulate it and attempt to take it apart. These findings are controversial, but they could hold the key to helping us establish true social equity.

1. The author includes the second paragraph in order to

(A) propose the theory which is later developed in the passage

(B) suggest a new theory which is worthy of research

(C) propose a solution to an age-old problem

(D) introduce a prevalent theory that will later be contradicted

(E) introduce two ideas in order to dispute them later

2. The author's aim in the passage is to?

(A) illustrate the findings of recent research in the context of conventional wisdom.

(B) Suggest reasons why the mental capabilities of one sex are better than those of the other.

(C) Explain why the different sexes perform differently in various professions.

(D) Comment upon methods of rearing children that encourage sexual stereotyping.

(E) Propose a solution to a problem that has been prevalent over many Years.

3. Which of the following would form the best continuation to the passage?

(A) A report on several different methods of raising babies without projecting stereotypes

(B) A description of some of the sexual stereotypes that have been prevalent in the past few decades

(C) an outline of how schooling and testing methods should be adapted in light of the findings of recent brain research

(D) A detailed neurological discussion of the differences in brain structure between the two sexes

(E) A discussion of how inherent differences in perceptions of the two sexes may influence parenting

参考答案：DAC

小屁怡0702

打卡～

IrisGMAT750

DCD，5'22，第一次见最后一道题的续写题型，三四段已经很好地解释了两个大脑的不同了，不用继续说不同了，而是应该围绕recent research来作出改变

ArielWen

文章脉络：
第一段：Boys suffer from primary-school classrooms; girls suffer later.
第二段：一种解释是文化差异，这种理论认为如果平等地养育孩子，随着时间得推移，这些差异会消失。
第三段：最新研究表明男女差异是由于大脑不同。出生时女性对声音等敏感，男性则在另一方面更敏感(show an early visual superiority)

ArielWen

QUESTION-1 The second paragraph states the current theory, namely that performance variations among the sexes can be explained in terms of cultural differences. Later, evidence is supplied to contradict this current theory. Thus, the best answer is choice D.

QUESTION-2 The author begins by explaining the prevailing theories for various observed differences in the sexes. Then the author introduces the findings of recent research that provide evidence contradicting these prevailing theories.
The author does not suggest that one sex's capabilities are better or compare the performance of both sexes in a given profession.
Therefore, choice B and C can be eliminated. Choices D and E fall outside the scope of the passage.
Therefore, choice A is the best choice.

QUESTION-3 The passage begins with a brief discussion of how schooling and testing discriminate against the sexes in light of their differences. The best continuation of the passage would therefore apply the new evidence that contradicts the prevailing theory on the cause of such differences to schooling and testing procedures. Such a continuation would allow the findings of the recent brain research detailed in paragraphs 3 and 4 to be considered with respect to their consequences for the opening subject, the sex-based discrimination currently present in schooling and testing.
Choice C is the best choice.

sasasasDarren

第一段：介绍背景，反映了教育上的某种缺陷使得男女学生都不适应
第二段：介绍了目前的思潮，即文化上对男女的差异导致了思维差异
第三段：反驳前文，说明这种差异是自然决定的
第四第五段：扩展，分别介绍了男女生的特点

DCC
分析：第二题错在了---profession（学科），而原文不是提及这件事

miemie_yang

AAC
背景介绍：schooling and testing discriminate against both sexes
引入一个theory，Typically, such differences are explained on a cultural basis.
a new therory is different from the last theory and introduction about females
an introduction about males and These findings are controversial, but they could hold the key to helping us establish true social equity.

750Gogogo

DAC
这篇文章可以用经济学人里的initial reading解决问题：细读第一段，略读第二、三、四段（只读第一句，扫描其余句子）。

DoggyT

第一段：给出一个现象：性别歧视：男孩不适合小学的学习 女孩不适合小学以后的学习
第二段：对于这个现象的原因：文化差异--大家觉得男孩应该积极进取，女孩应该更温柔，
长时间暴露在这种情况下孩子行为和智力就会有影响，就有人认为如果学校教的合适，就消除性别歧视了（没有原因就消除不利因素）
第三段：（怎么找到合适的教法）行为差异跟大脑功能有关---给了一个婴儿的证据
第四段承接上一段，详细说明男孩大脑功能，最后一句给出观点很复杂但是很有用。
答案DDC

__Dy

DCC