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Researchers on the island of Flores recently unveiled the remains of what appeared to be a female adult human a meter tall that lived as recently as 13,000 years ago. The news electrified the paleoanthropological community. It clearly belonged to the hominid family—the group of species on the human side of the evolutionary line from prehuman primates. Hominids of this size had been documented only from fossils of species that lived three million years ago. Scientists had thought that modern humans were the only hominid species to have existed for the past 25,000 years.
Classifying the skeleton was difficult. Some of its features show it belongs in the Homo genus—a genus within the hominids that includes the modern human species, Homo sapiens. But its morphological traits are inconsistent with those of small-bodied, modern-human adults. The skeleton exhibits archaic features—for example, a prominent brow and low braincase—not characteristic of Homo sapiens.
Researchers concluded that some members of an earlier hominid species, Homo erectus, had evolved in isolation on Flores and that the skeleton belonged to a species that emerged from that evolution. In island habitats, large-mammal species tend to get smaller, presumably adapting to a limited food supply. Many scientists had believed that culture buffered humans from such environmental pressures. The discovery of a diminutive hominid species may indicate that in difficult times, humans respond like other mammals.
1.The primary purpose of the passage is to A. illustrate potential applications of research findings B. dispute the theoretical relevance of newly discovered evidence C. suggest future studies on a topic of research D. report the findings of a scientific study E. critically compare one interpretation of research findings with another
2.Which of the following most accurately summarizes the second paragraph? A. The skeleton is most likely a member of Homo sapiens, possessing features, however, that are somewhat untypical of modern humans. B. Some morphological characteristics of the skeleton were unique neither to Homo sapiens nor to any other members of the Homo genus. C. The skeleton, though it belongs to a species in the Homo genus, has features showing it is not a small-bodied Homo sapiens. D. The prominent brow and low braincase of the skeleton misled researchers into thinking that the skeleton did not belong to a species within the Homo genus. E. Though at first sight the skeleton appeared to belong to a species within the Homo genus, the physical evidence, when carefully examined, disconfirmed this.
3.The passage most strongly supports which of the following inferences regarding the skeleton discovered on Flores? A. Its discovery provided data that presented a challenge to widely held beliefs among scientists concerning hominid species. B. It belonged to a species that is most likely an ancestor of modern humans. C. Prior to its discovery researchers had thought modern humans were the only hominid species. D. The researchers who discovered it believed at first that the skeleton belonged to a genus other than the Homo genus. E. Its discovery provided significant new information about the ancestor species of Homo erectus.
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发表于 2021-6-9 08:37:16
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