揽瓜阁逻辑做题小分队 第20天

小白斩鸡

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1.Researchers studying the spread of the Black Plague in sixteenth-century England claim that certain people survived the epidemic because they carried a genetic mutation, known as Delta-32, that is known to prevent the bacteria that causes the Plague from overtaking the immune system. To support this hypothesis, the researchers tested the direct descendants of the residents of an English town where an unusually large proportion of people survived the Plague. More than half of these descendants tested positive for the mutation Delta-32, a figure nearly three times higher than that found in other locations. The researchers’ hypothesis is based on which of the following assumptions?

A Delta-32 does not prevent a carrier from contracting any disease other than the Plague.

B The Plague is not similar to other diseases caused by bacteria.

C Delta-32 did not exist in its current form until the sixteenth century.

D No one who tested positive for Delta-32 has ever contracted a disease caused by bacteria.

E The Plague does not cause genetic mutations such as Delta-32.

2. The popular notion that a tree’s age can be determined by counting the number of internal rings in its trunk is generally true. However, to help regulate the internal temperature of the tree, the outermost layers of wood of the Brazilian ash often peel away when the temperature exceeds 95 degrees Fahrenheit, leaving the tree with fewer rings than it would otherwise have. So only if the temperature in the Brazilian ash’s environment never exceeds 95 degrees Fahrenheit will its rings be a reliable measure of the tree’s age. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument above depends?

A The growth of new rings in a tree is not a function of levels of precipitation.

B Only the Brazilian ash loses rings because of excessive heat.

C Only one day of temperatures above 95 degrees Fahrenheit is needed to cause the Brazilian ash to lose a ring.

D The internal rings of all trees are of uniform thickness.

E The number of rings that will be lost when the temperature exceeds 95 degrees Fahrenheit is not predictable.

参考答案：

EE

lfengi

1. Assumption: E
P: the researchers tested the direct descendants of the residents of an English town where an unusually large proportion of people survived the Plague. More than half of these descendants tested positive for the mutation Delta-32, a figure nearly three times higher than that found in other locations.
C: certain people survived the epidemic because they carried a genetic mutation，known as Delta-32, that is known to prevent the bacteria that causes the Plague from overtaking the immune system

E 取反：瘟疫导致了基因突变， （而非基因突变使人们从瘟疫中存活） 削弱了结论

2. Assumption: E
P: The popular notion that a tree’s age can be determined by counting the number of internal rings in its trunk is generally true. However, to help regulate the internal temperature of the tree, the outermost layers of wood of the Brazilian ash often peel away when the temperature exceeds 95 degrees Fahrenheit, leaving the tree with fewer rings than it would otherwise have
C: only if the temperature in the Brazilian ash’s environment never exceeds 95 degrees Fahrenheit will its rings be a reliable measure of the tree’s age.

E 取反：当温度超过95飞轮海时丢失的年轮可以被预测。 削弱了结论

大月亮cyn

Day20

1. [Assumption] E eliminate possibilities of weakness 'Reversal of causality'
Claim: people survived BP ~a genetic mutationDelta-32 = prevent the bacteria(-->P X immune system)
Test: descendants of the residents of an English town (an unusually large proportion of people survived P)
Result: >=1/2 tested positive for the mutation Delta-32

2. [Assumption] E
P1: counting the number of internal rings = tree age
P2: T > 95`F --> outermost layers Bash often peel away --> fewer rings
C: only if T in Bash’s environment never exceeds 95`F --> rings reliable ~ tree’s age

ccccherry

EC

鸡麦过儿

DA

维多利亚每天都很饿

1.base on assumption(缺了哪个假设不行）：E如果plague产生了基因突变delta32 那就没人会因为黑死病去世了 因为感染黑死病以后每个人都基因突变每个人都有delta32都不会去世 不对 所以缺了这个假设不行
2.还是看缺了哪个假设不行：B.可能别的植物也这样 与此无关 E.如果没有这个前提，即使他会因为高温而失去年轮 我们也能计算出年龄 所以缺他不行

好简单为啥我第一遍还是错 我觉得是把那个only的位置看差了 如果是 only lose rings 应该B也有道理

维多利亚每天都很饿

1.base on assumption(缺了哪个假设不行）：E如果plague产生了基因突变delta32 那就没人会因为黑死病去世了 因为感染黑死病以后每个人都基因突变每个人都有delta32都不会去世 不对 所以缺了这个假设不行
2.还是看缺了哪个假设不行：B.可能别的植物也这样 与此无关 E.如果没有这个前提，即使他会因为高温而失去年轮 我们也能计算出年龄 所以缺他不行

好简单为啥我第一遍还是错 我觉得是把那个only的位置看差了 如果是 only lose rings 应该B也有道理

维多利亚每天都很饿

EB

Syvlia

EE

famerica

ec