揽瓜阁做题小分队 第43天 婴儿实验

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In the first of two experiments designed by Trehub to study infants’ response to music, a researcher engaged the attention of a baby in a soundproof booth by waving a fluffy toy in the baby’s face while an audio speaker in the booth repeatedly played a short tune. The sequence of notes in the tune were arranged on the Western major scale. All of the babies appeared to be indifferent to the music as long as it conformed to this sequence. However, whenever an anomalous note—one that does not belong in the scale—intruded on the recording, the babies invariably turned their heads toward the speaker.

This result may seem to some people to suggest simply that infants raised in the Western world learn from birth on to recognize the notes common to Western music. However, in a second experiment, the audio speaker played a different kind of tune: while this tune had an inherently musical structure, it was built on a scale that is unfamiliar to Westerners. Nevertheless, when an anomalous note intruded on the recording, the babies reacted in the same way that they had in the first experiment. This suggests that the basis for babies’ abilities to recognize and respond to music is not learned, but is, in fact, biological.

1.The passage suggests that Trehub’s second experiment was intended to answer which of the following questions that was left unanswered by the results of the first experiment?

A. Do infants need a particular number of repetitions to be able to recognize a given note pattern?

B. Do infants have an entirely emotional innate response to music?

C. Are infants inherently more attracted to visual stimuli than they are to aural stimuli?

D. Do infants prefer major scale patterns to other types of scale patterns?

E. Are infants able to recognize only those scale patterns that they have heard since birth?

2.Which of the following is an experimental condition that the passage mentions as not being the same in Trehub’s two experiments?

A. The scale underlying the tune played to the infants

B. The frequency with which anomalous notes were introduced

C. The length of the tune played to the infants

D. The number of times the tune played to the infants was repeated

E. The age of the infants participating in the study

3.The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. support a conclusion about the value of a particular approach to the study of infants’ response to music

B. evaluate the relative effectiveness of two experiments designed to study infants’ response to music

C. describe two experiments that present conflicting evidence about infants’ response to music

D. discuss certain differences in the ways that infants respond to Western and nonWestern music

E. provide evidence in support of the position that infants’ response to music is innate

参考答案：

EAE

Skylerr

Simple story:
        1. An experiment about baby hear an discord sound and can make a reaction toward it
Another experiment about whether those baby can tell the discord because they are familiar with Weatern music (they heard since born), turns out any disorder sound baby are able to tell

Leilanico

作者介绍了两个实验：婴儿对音乐的识别和回应是天生的还是后天学习的。最后得出结论支持了观点：是天生的。

第一段：描述了第一个实验：对婴儿放西方大调音阶的同时用玩具逗他，婴儿对一直播放的同一音阶的曲子不会有啥反应，但是在曲调中夹杂不属于西方大调音阶的音符时，婴儿们都会停下玩耍并转过头看着实验者。

第二段：提出了对第一个实验可能的质疑点：在西方出生的婴儿对西方大音阶的熟悉程度会影响实验结果。并做出第二个实验来排除疑问进一步推出作者支持的观点：把西方大音阶换成其他婴儿不熟悉或没听过的曲子，重复播放时加入一个陌生的音符还是会导致和实验一同样的结果。于是排除了质疑点，进一步支持了观点：婴儿对音乐的认知和回应是天生的，不是后期学习的。

大月亮cyn

Day43 EAE

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690387114

EAE

题3 注意“讨论对象”，且文章未evaluate。干扰项AB把重点放在了实验的技巧上

飞跃重洋2017

EAA

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Ivory2020

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