揽瓜阁做题小分队 第8天 波尔的戏剧

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In traditional theater forms, the roles of performer and audience are completely separate, so that performance space can be said to encompass an actors’ sphere and a spectators’ sphere. Even when performers move out into the audience or when there is scripted audience interaction, spectators do not become performers. Finally, while stories may open up the imagination or excite audiences, according to Augusto Boal, they discourage political action by providing catharsis. The passive spectator follows the play’s emotional arc and, once the action concludes, finds the issue closed. Boal reminds us that our theater etiquette creates a kind of culture of apathy where individuals do not act communally, despite shared space, and remain distanced from art.

Workshop theater, such as Boal’s Image Theatre and Forum Theatre, is a response to that. In the workshop form, performance space is created for a select group of people, but the performers’ sphere and the audience’s sphere are collapsed: everyone is at once theater maker and witness. In Image Theatre, participants will come up with a theme or issue and arrange themselves into a tableau that depicts what that issue looks like in society today, versus what the ideal situation would be. They then try to transition from the current image to the ideal image in a way that seems plausible to all the participants. Forum Theatre, on the other hand, creates a narrative skit depicting a certain problem. After the actors have gone through the action of the play once, a facilitator, known as the joker (like the one in a pack of cards), encourages those who have watched the story to watch it again and to stop it at any time to take the place of the protagonist. The aim is to find a solution to the problem, realizing along the way all of the obstacles involved. In Forum Theatre, just as in Image Theatre, there is not always a solution. The main goal of this form, then, is to engage in the action, to reflect, and to understand particular issues as being part of a larger picture, thus using art to re-cast what seem like private troubles in a public, political light.

The main reason Boal developed these workshop styles was to grant audiences agency so that they may create ways to free themselves of oppression. Because he found theater audiences to be locked into a passive role—just like he found the oppressed coerced into a subservient role in relation to their oppressors—he created the “spect-actor,” or someone who simultaneously witnesses and creates theater.

1. The second paragraph of the passage serves to
(A) elaborate on the topic of the first paragraph
(B) provide a rationale for an artistic endeavor
(C) discuss an artistic answer to a passive culture
(D) explain the theater’s lack of appeal
(E) evaluate two contrasting styles of theater

2. Which of the following would Boal consider a “spect-actor”?
(A) A person who engages in political action
(B) An audience member who finds catharsis in a play
(C) Any person placed in a subservient role
(D) Any actor
(E) A participant in an Image workshop

3. According to Boal, all of the following are disadvantages of traditional theater forms EXCEPT:
(A) Such productions prevent the actors from going into the audience.
(B) Such productions provide catharsis.
(C) Such productions discourage communal activity.
(D) Such productions obstruct political change.
(E) Such productions distance the audience from the art.

4. All of the following would be characteristic of a Forum workshop EXCEPT:
(A) Productions begin with a narrative script.
(B) Different people often play the protagonist.
(C) Some performances do not achieve catharsis.
(D) Participants arrange themselves into a tableau.
(E) Performances are guided by a mediator.

参考答案，做完才看 ：）

CEAD

蜘蛛网

p1传统剧院和现代完全不同，传统的缺陷
p2现代剧院具有的特点
p3boal剧院的期望
ccad

joliajjj

文章结构：
P1：传统戏剧的缺点：互动性低
P2:   workshop消除距离感（两种形式）（被动文化的艺术答案）
P3:    workshop styles的原因：赋予观众代理权
CEAD

木柚籽

P1
traditional: performer & audience separate
disadvantages: 1. discourage political action by providing catharisis (despite) 2. do not act communally, remain distanced from art"       
P2
Rsponse: IT &FT
IT characteristics
FT characteristics"       
P3
why two response

B及站士

這篇文章雖然大意上是問題+解決方案的脈絡, 但是滿多專有名詞出現, 又題目主要是細節題...
-
P1. 傳統的戲劇形式, 表演者跟觀眾是有隔閡的, Boal對此有擔憂
P2. Boal對這種現象的回應: 工作坊劇院 , 並用Boal的兩間工作坊作為例子
    Imagine theatre用tableau形式表達主題, Forum則用主持人鼓勵觀眾參與戲劇演出
P3. Boal的願景: 提供觀眾一個媒介去解放, 認為觀眾太被動, 為"spectators(觀眾)"下了新的定義“spect-actor”(同時見證及創造劇場的人)
-
P1.
1. Traditional theater: performer and audience(spectators) are separate
2. Elaborate: even performers move out or script with audience interaction – spectators + catharsis (emotional arc) -> issue (X)
3. Boal’s worrisome: theater culture is passive and apathy – not act communally , remain distanced from art

P2.
1. Boal’s response: workshop theater – performer’s sphere and audience’s sphere collapsed – everyone is theater maker and witness
2. Example(Boal’s workshop):
‧Image Theatre: with a theme or issue – using tableau to express the issue looks like in society – transition the current to the ideal in a plausible way
‧Forum Theatre: narrative skit for certain problem – a facilitator encourage audience take the place of the protagonist – realizing all the obstacles involved
3. Forum’s main goal: is not to find solution, but to engage in the action, to reflect, and to understand particular issue – using art to re-cast private troubles

P3.
1. Boal’s reason: audiences agency – ways to free themselves of oppression – audiences are too passive – he wish them become “spect-actor” (who simultaneously witnesses and creates theater)

13659111111

P1 traditional theater forms, performer和audience有距离
P2 Boal弄了一种新form
P3 Boal的form是为了free audience from oppression

lt_run

P1 讲传统theater的缺点：performer和audience分隔开
P2 介绍两种新型的theater：Image Theater和Forum Theater(注意看两者的不同)
P3 Boal提出这两种theater的原因
CEAD

NikitaHan

波尔的戏剧:
P1: In traditional theater, the roles of performers and audiences are completely separate. According to Boal, this form discourages political actions by providing catharsis. And individuals do not act communally and remain distant from the art.

P2: Boal's Image theater and Forum theater is a reponse to this. In these places, the performers' sphere and audience's sphere are collapsed. In Image theater, participants will come up an issue and arrange themselves into a tableau that depicts what the issue looks like in society today and what  the ideal image would be. Then they try to transition the current situation to the ideal version in a way plausible to every participant. In Forum theater, actors create a narrative skit depicting a certain problem. Then a facilitator encourages the audience to watch the story again and stop it at any time to take place of the protagonist. So people can be encouraged to come up with a solution for the problem. The main goal of the two forms is to engage in the action and reflect particular issues.

P3: the main reason of creating these two forms is to encourage people to create ways to free themselves form opppression.

Author's opinion: introduced the drawback of the transitional theater, and then explain how Boal's new theater forms contribute participation in general society  issues.

CYJ_

First paragraph3:00)
傳統的戲劇，表演者跟觀眾是分開的，即使表演者表演空間包含表演者以及觀眾的球狀空間，以及表演者會到觀眾的地方表演及進行互動，但觀眾仍不能算是表演者。
最後，表演者可以藉由提供catharsis來打消政治活動
學者說，這樣的表演形成一種冷漠的文化（因為都不互動），即使表演空間與觀眾共用，但觀眾仍與藝術有明顯的距離。
Second（3:36)
比對兩種不同的電影，相同的是兩者的觀眾與表演者是結合的。
Image Theatre : 觀眾想像一個主題，然後詮釋她，並比較這個主題理想與現實的差異。
Forum Theatre:請小丑邀請觀眾互動，觀眾可在任意時間喊停取代表演者（？）
兩者不能永遠解決問題
Third(1:15)
Boal 發展這個的主要原因是想鼓勵觀眾互動
他創立表演觀眾合一，讓人能同時是表演者也能是觀眾。
Answer:
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Haiying668

传统的剧院形式分析其弊，列出workshop形式的两种剧院作为对比。（似是Boal的软广，充分照顾到观众的情绪）
P1传统的剧院弊端：演员与观众分开，即使演员走进观众与之有互动，观众只被动的观赏者难有共鸣
P2工作室一类的剧院比如Boal的Image Theatre and Forum Theatre与传统的剧院不同。Image Theatre表演空间为一特定人群而设计，参与者走进剧情想象自己处于事件之中，可对比理想情况下的事件发展。Forum Theatre是演员表演后，有助手鼓励观众再次观看时随时打断表演自己替代主角参与表演之中。这样有助于发现解决问题的方案。
P3 Boal发展这类工作室剧院的原因是让观众从被动看剧的状态中解放出来.
EBAC