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- 2023-4-21
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P1. 介紹REM, 並將REM與清醒狀態視為一組並用slow-wave sleep表現兩組特色上差異
P2. 舊觀點認為PGO表現在REM而且是自發性, 新研究發現PGO也會出現在slow-wave sleep, 並且不管是在REM或是slow-wave sleep下都能依靠聲音及觸碰產生"警戒反應"
P3. PGO的新發現使得EMPs需要重新被檢討, EMPs過去被認為是在清醒狀況時出現並由環境的光亮程度影響。實驗觀察貓在無光環境下會受到氣味影響EMPs, 又同樣條件下發現聲音也會影響。因此建立了PGO跟EMPs的類比(都是所謂的警戒反應, 且在REM, 清醒, slow-wave sleep下都能被特定因素刺激)
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P1.
1. Context: REM sleep – neurologically aroused character – close relationship with waking state
2. Differences:
a. using EEG to compare REM and wakefulness (both display high-frequency, low-amplitude waves) ↔ slow-wave sleep (low-frequency, high-amplitude)
b. neurological activity in various subunits of the brain – a pattern of wave in hippocampus ↔ slow-wave sleep (irregular activity of the hippocampus)
c. brain temperature rises ↔ slow-wave sleep (temperature decreases)
P2.
1. Old view: PGO spike – REM sleep – occur spontaneously without external stimulus
2. Recent study: PGO – slow-wave sleep
PGO produced by sounds and touch – either REM or slow-wave sleep
3. Argument: PGO spikes seem to be general alerting responses occurring in several slow sleep phases
P3.
1. Old view: EMPs(waking state) – depend on environmental levels of light
2. Reevaluation: EMPs – identical to PGO spikes – (experiment) cat in the dark + the odor of tuna fish -> sharp noises also
3. Conclusion: PGO spikes is similar to EMPs – general alerting response – stimulated during REM sleep, slow-wave sleep, and wakefulness. |
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