【揽瓜阁6.0】Day4 2021.03.11【社会科学-旅游、经济】

妥妥

  揽瓜阁俱乐部第六期

  Day4 2021.03.11

【社会科学-旅游】

What will travel look like after the pandemic?

（The Economist-816 字 长精读）

Luggage unpacks how international travel has changed down the ages. Adventurers in the 15th-century age of discovery set sail in galleons loaded to the gunwales with supplies for voyages that might take years. Aristocrats on a “grand tour” in the 18th century trekked around Europe for months in horse-drawn carriages packed with trunks, servants and even furniture. The suitcase arrived at the end of the 19th century when spending several weeks abroad became more common for the wealthy. By the 1970s tourists and executives needed to cart the wherewithal for a few nights away through vast airports. And so the wheelie-bag came to symbolise the era of mass travel.

The rise of the wheelie-bag reflects the falling cost and increasing speed of long-distance travel. Cheaper air fares, rising incomes and more leisure time have made foreign trips routine and a holiday abroad accessible to many in the rich world wishing to escape their daily stress. Travel brings new experiences and memories (or moments to capture on Instagram). And if not every mind is broadened, surely few suffer the opposite effect. As Mark Twain put it, “Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry and narrow-mindedness.”

The ease of travel has not just expanded tourism. As companies have spread across the world so have their workers. Business travel keeps multinational companies and supply chains connected. And the ability to get away has let people spread around the world to work, learn or just have a change of scene. As families have dispersed so has the need to keep in touch or attend weddings and birthday parties in foreign parts. It has brought the world together by allowing family and friends to live farther apart.

Yet until recently few people went far. Travel was slow, difficult and expensive when it relied on wind or horsepower. Steam and railways opened the gates a little wider. But getting far afield even 100 years ago took an ocean liner or airship, a pricey way to go. A first-class cabin on the Titanic in 1912 started at £30 ($3,500 today); a transatlantic ticket on the Hindenburg cost $400 in 1936 (both one-way, as it later turned out). The big surge in international travel came with flying. A train on the trans-Siberian route from Beijing to Moscow takes over five days; a flight around seven hours. Yet the real game-changer was cheaper fares. In 1950 only 25m people took a trip abroad, says the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (unwto). By 2019 the number of trips had grown to 1.5bn (and that excludes migrants, refugees and visits of over a year).

Nearly three-fifths of international travellers arrived and departed by plane in 2019, compared with only 5% by sea and 1% by train, according to unwto. The 35% of travellers crossing borders in a car were mostly Europeans, inhabitants of the world’s largest travel market, taking advantage of their continent’s small size and good roads. Going on holiday is the main motive for travel abroad, accounting for 55% of trips. Business travel made up 11% of the total. Most of the rest was to visit families and friends abroad. Some travel for religious reasons (2m Muslims visit Mecca every year); and around 15m sought medical treatment in 2017.

International travellers have filled tills for hotels, restaurants, car-hire firms and tour operators. Their spending hit $1.5trn in 2019. Before covid-19, travel contributed 4.4% of gdp and 6.9% of employment in the oecd rich-country club. International travel made up 6.5% of global exports in 2019, according to the World Trade Organisation. In all, travel and tourism accounts for over 330m jobs, one in ten of the world’s total, claims the World Travel and Tourism Council (wttc).

Covid-19 has devastated an industry that relies on the freedom of people to move. International travel stopped almost completely between March and May 2020, as four-fifths of countries closed their borders. Forbidden or unable to get around, travellers have stayed put. International arrivals fell by 70-75% in 2020, estimates the unwto, with 1bn fewer travellers and $1.1bn less spending (see chart). That is ten times the shortfall in travel spending in 2009 after the financial crisis. And recovery looks far off, even with effective vaccines. The oecd predicts that tourism will be among the “last sectors of the economy to…recover lost demand”.

It is not all dark clouds, however. Greenhouse-gas emissions by commercial jets plunged in 2020, intensifying debate about how to curtail this pollution permanently. Destinations blighted by overtourism have had a break. And optimists reckon that in the long run the link between growing wealth and the urge to travel will remain unbroken. This report will argue that, for all its high short-term costs, the pandemic may accelerate trends that will eventually make travel both easier and less damaging. Today’s travel industry may have taken a battering—but the new one that emerges could be better than ever.

Source: The Economist

【社会科学-经济】

Social and Political skills have become the real key

（ WSY -393 字 短精读）

Source: WSY

【笔记格式要求】

同学们精读这 2 篇文章并进行笔记打卡

精读笔记格式要求：

1.总结文章中心大意

2.总结分论点或每段段落大意

3.摘抄印象深刻或者觉得优美的句子

4.总结文章中的生词

5.记录阅读时间、总结时间、总时间

这里也给大家三点学习小建议哦~

精读：如遇到读不懂的复杂句，建议找出句子主干，分析句子成分，也可以尝试翻译句子来帮助理解~

00712

galleons
英  [ˈɡæliən] 美  [ˈɡæliən]
n. 十五，十六世纪西班牙大型帆船
trunk
英  [trʌŋk] 美  [trʌŋk]
n. 树干；躯干；象鼻；汽车车尾的行李箱
vt. 把…放入旅行箱内
adj. 干线的；躯干的；箱子的
bigotry
英  [ˈbɪɡətri] 美  [ˈbɪɡətri]
n. 偏执；顽固；盲从
dispersed
英  [dɪ'spɜːst] 美  [dɪ'spɜːrst]
adj. 散布的；被分散的；被驱散的
battering
英  [ˈbætərɪŋ] 美  [ˈbætərɪŋ]
V. 混合；打碎（batter的现在分词）
n. 重创；连续打击
阅读时间：5分钟
总结时间：15分钟
文章大意：是讲述旅游业的更新变革，现代社会旅游变得越来越频密，但是COVID 的出现让旅游业迎来了很长时间的停滞，但随着COVID的好转新的旅游大趋势又会卷土重来。
文段1： 从行李的变迁引出旅游变得更简单且更大市场。
文段2 -4：进一步解释为什么旅游变得更大市场更长距离更低费用。
文段5-6：数据说明现代旅游的飞速发展
文段7：转折： 但是因为疫情的原因，很多人都不能再去旅游， 旅游业大受打击
文段8：再次转折： 疫情也为旅游业带来了一些好处，如减少污染和减少过度旅游。疫情后旅游的需求仍在，旅游业可能会变得更简单且更环保，会呈现更好的势头。

vis a vis
对面
negate
英  [nɪˈɡeɪt] 美  [nɪˈɡeɪt]
vt. 否定；取消；使无效
vi. 否定；否认；无效
n. 对立面；反面
belie
英  [bɪˈlaɪ] 美  [bɪˈlaɪ]
vt. 掩饰；与…不符；使失望；证明…虚假错误
阅读时间：3分钟
总结时间：4分钟
文章大意： 很多成功的经理是因为政治和社交手段而非绩效而被提升，真正重视效率的公司应该注意培育有效的经理而非社交的经理。
文段1： 总起 研究表明： 成功的经理不总是因为工作能力也有很大部分是因为靠着政治和社交手腕而晋升飞速。
文段2： 进一步说明： 很多经理并不是因为三大要素而提升。注重员工效率和成绩的公司应该确保一个好的公司文化，让有成绩的员工成为经理而非只会政治和社交的人成功经理。

mibem的Amber

哥

HiEdison

第一篇（9mins+35mins）

Subject: LONELINESS: negative impact, cause analysis, and how COVID-19 hasexacerbated it

Sub-points:

P1-2. COVID-19 has exacerbated the loneliness problem.

P3. Negative impacts of loneliness: diseases, extremist politics,hostility

P4-6. modern employment mechanism is responsible for loneliness

P7-9. Nowadays loneliness is a prevalent problem in big cities

P10-11. Ms. Hertz: two recent developments about loneliness: social medialeads to cyber-bullying; “neoliberalism”

P12-13. Summary: the pandemic has changed people’s interpersonalactivities. Technology is a two-fold weapon (convenience/loneliness)

Collections:

Society will be grappling with this trade-off for decades to come.

And people glued to their smartphones spend less time interactingsocially. 【glue to这个词还蛮形象生动的】

“Loneliness is acrowded room”.

Vocabulary:

point the finger at 指控

culprit 犯人

retreat n/v.后退，放弃，撤离

relish the chance 享受机会

grappling: grapple是扭打的意思，这里应该是说“与这种取舍作斗争”

companionship 陪伴

chatter 唠叨

exacerbate 加重，恶化

第二篇（4m9s+18mins）

Subject: Latino literature and its painstaking development – evidence ofWilliam Carols

Sub-points:

P1. Intro of Latino literature

- beginning in 1960s;

- C,PR, CA对这种文学有深远影响；

- 早期发展并不顺利 (painstakingly)

P2. Examples of the development of Latino literature

- LVM: 内容好但不被认可，该坎坷也说明了female Mexican Americans的困境

- WC: 被排除在Latino literature之外，因为缺少appreciation of PR&A roots。但最近学者认为正式这种缺乏使得WC值得被重视，WC的作品比American更American

P3. JM’s ground-breaking study—understandings of WC

- WC的作品受他父母（mixed ancestry）、bilingual的成长环境极其深刻

- WC的作品不应当只是狭义的America，而应当是广义的hemispheric America

Vocabulary:

sensibility  情感，敏感性；ambivalence 情感矛盾

可能的出题点：

l  关于The Rebelby Leonor Villegas de Magnon, 哪项说法是正确的？

第二段中间 It stands as another challenge to thestereotypical misconceptions regarding Mexican Americans, particularly women

l  Julio Marzan's study可以infer出什么？

第三段中间 William Carlos的作品【由于小时候成长在一个很分裂矛盾的移民身份里】所以很mix 视角也很广（not narrowly the US, but hemispheric America)

l  According to the passage, what canwe know about William Carlos？

他的作品受到了【成长环境、父母亲家庭背景】的深刻影响

糖糖822

DAY 4

中级趣味

Day 4, March 11, 2021

阅读1
生词：galleon 大帆船；gunwale 舷缘；voyage 航运；wherewithal 必要的资金；fatal 致命的；bigotry 偏执。
主旨大意：世界旅行进化史，最近几百年人类旅行越来越短时间，长途，便宜以及简单，旅游产业也是越来越发达，而COVID疫情导致今年旅游业行情大跌。
段落大意及分论点：
1.        15世纪大航海时代远行通常都要好几年时间，18世纪则是带着仆人行李在外玩好几个月，到了十九世纪人们可以只花几个星期在海外玩一玩，到了上世纪70年代只出去住几晚变成了风尚；
2.        轮式包的风靡反映了长途旅行的价格在降低，速度在提升，机票降价，收入提高，休闲时间增多使得国外旅行成为现实；旅行的便捷不仅在于旅游，很多公司开始设立海外分部和供应链，世界不同地方的人可以一起工作，在不同国家居住的家庭成员也能常常相聚；
3.        这种情况是近些年才出现的，工业时代之前旅行曾经是速度慢，困难，并昂贵的，蒸汽和铁路只是稍稍改变了这个情况，远洋航线和飞机才是真正的突破者。大突破来自飞机的发展，1950年只有2500万人有过海外旅行，而2019年这个数字是15亿人；其中3/5选择飞机出行，5%船和1%的火车，35%的旅行者选择开车，而这部分人绝大多数都是欧洲人，主要原因是地方小而且道路修的好。55%的旅行是节日驱动的，商业旅行11%，剩下的绝大多数是拜访家人与朋友，还有一些宗教目的的旅行以及医疗旅行。
4.        国际旅行养活了一大批酒店，餐馆，租车和导游，2019年旅游总花费是1.5万亿美元，在疫情前这是OECD 4.4%的GDP和6.9%的就业，世界范围内旅行和旅游行业汇聚了3.3亿就业岗位，这是总数量的1/10；
5.        COVID疫情截断了这一情况，在2020年3-5月，4/5的国家关闭了国境，整个2020年国际游客减少了70-75%，游客少了10亿人，支出少了110亿，是2009年大萧条后的10倍。即使有疫苗，旅游业也不会这么快得到恢复；
6.        也有好消息，商业飞机排放的温室气体大幅减少，旅游在将来也会变得更方便。
阅读时间 7分半


阅读2
生词：vis-à-vis 面对面的；subordinate 下属；plethora 过多；meagre 贫乏的；belie 掩饰，与。。不符。
主旨大意：成功的经理和有工作能力的经理分开了，现在要成功当上经理，社交和政治能力更主要，但这其实损坏了公司的利益，公司还是应该把能力表现放在第一位。
段落大意及分论点：
1.        美国公司发现现在有社交和政治能力的员工更容易晋升为经理人，但其实这些人业务能力并不强，仔细对比成功的经理和业务能力强的经理只有10%的重合；
2.        这样其实有损公司的利益，公司应该把奖励，比如晋升机会，和工作能力挂钩，而不是社交和办公室政治。
阅读时间 3分钟

想考IVY

阅读时间20min整理时间20min合计40min
1.core:旅行在疫情之后会变成什么样子2.:

wheelie-bag came to [url=]symbolise[/url][王1] the era of masstravel.

The rise of the wheelie-bagreflects the falling cost and increasing speed of long-distance travel.

Travel was slow, difficult and expensive when it reliedon wind or horsepower.

International travellershave filled tills for hotels, restaurants, car-hire firms and tour operators.

3.阅读时间 20min 整理时间 12min 合计 32min

成功现在要靠social.但晋升不仅仅只看能力，也看其他的指标

今天也很匆忙

vinago

0311打卡

jannabi321

day 4