请教这两道属于什么分类

行素

Mall owner: Our mall's occupancy rate is so low that we are barely making a profit. We cannot raise rents because of an unacceptably high risk of losing established tenants. On the other hand, a mall that is fully occupied costs about as much to run as one in which a rental space here and a rental space there stands empty. Clearly, therefore, to increase profits we must sign up new tenants.



Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?






A
The mall's operating costs could be cut by consolidating currently rented spaces in such a way that an entire wing of the mall could be closed up.

B
The mall is located in a geographic area in which costs incurred for air-conditioning in the hot summers exceed those incurred for heating in the mid winters by a wide margin.

C
The mall's occupancy rate, though relatively low, has been relatively stable for several years.

D
The mall lost tenants as a result of each of the two major rent increases that have occurred there.

E
None of the mall's established tenants is likely to need additional floor space there in the foreseeable future.

行素

这两道属于什么分类呢？我开始以为是因果，因为有那么多背景相当于在论证。可是随后又发现，并没有直接论证方案。所以真心求教。另外，最后一道题的B选项，能不能有人帮我再解释一下（从有关无关或者逻辑链的角度）

行素

还有这一道
Manager: Although our corporation lists rules in an orientation booklet, few employees read the booklet carefully enough to familiarize themselves with all the rules. Lecturing employees for inadvertent rule violations often makes them resentful and less cooperative. Thus, to improve employee adherence to rules, we plan to issue gentle reminders about various rules in each issue of our weekly newsletter.

Which of the following would it be most helpful to discover about the employees in the corporation in order to evaluate the likelihood that the plan will succeed?






A
Whether most of them who are lectured for inadvertent rule violations are deterred from violating the same rule again

B
Whether most of them who inadvertently violate rules already feel resentful and uncooperative

C
Whether most of them violate at least some rules with which they are familiar

D
Whether most of them who regularly read the weekly newsletter are familiar with at least some rules

E
Whether most of them would usually read with sufficient care the portions of the weekly newsletter that are reminders of rules