［已解决］G2772－17/63

DeliciaAn

看这篇有人问，没有人整理一下，但觉得第7，8道题特别的好，就想贴出来了。于是我自己整理了些，再借鉴论坛人其他想法，部分整理出来了。

Prior to 1975, union effortsto organize public-sector(公立的) clerical workers(文员), most of whom are women, were somewhat limited.（1975年前，工会组织文员（大部分为女性）有点受限制） The factorsfavoring unionization(联合) drives(驱使) seem to have been either the presence of large numbersof workers, as in NewYork City, to make it worth the effort, or the concentration of small numbers in one or twolocations, such as a hospital, to make it relatively easy. （这里给出了两个联合的因素：大量工人＋小数目的人聚集）Receptivity(接受能力) to unionization on the workers’ part was also a consideration, but when there were largenumbers involved or the clerical workerswere the only unorganized group in a jurisdiction（司法权）, the multi-occupational unions would often try to organize them regardless of the workers’ initialreceptivity.(虽然人的receptivity,接受能力也是要考虑到的，但是在大部分人都加入工会了，而唯独文员没有加入的状况下，就直接把这些人加入了in a jurisdiction).The strategic reasoningwas based, first, onthe concern that politicians and administrators might playoff(利用，挑拨) (to set in opposition for one's own gain从中渔利；在…之间挑拨离间)unionized against non-unionized workers, and, second, on the conviction that a fully unionizedpublic work force meant power, both at the bargaining table and in thelegislature. (工会这样做的两点原因：政治家以及管理者会挑拨；人多力量大。) In localities（n.位置，地点）where clerical workers were few in number, were scattered in several workplaces, and expressed no interest in being organized, unions more often than not(往往，多半) ignored them in thepre-1975 period.（但是有些人不会包括进来）

1975年前，文员没包括，工会采取措施直接加，有些文员就不包括了。

But since the mid-1970’s, a different strategy hasemerged. In 1977, 34percent of government clerical workers were represented by a labor organization,compared with 46 percent of government professionals, 44 percent of governmentblue-collar workers, and 41 percent of government service workers. Since then, however, the biggest increasesin public-sector unionization have been among clerical workers. Between 1977 and 1980, the number of unionizedgovernment workers in blue-collar and service occupations increased only about 1.5percent, while in the white-collar occupations the increase was 20 percent andamong clerical workers in particular, the increase was 22 percent.

but转折，不同的strategy被使用了。给了个1977的数据；然后说了clerical workers的增长量非常大＋配合了数据的例子。

What accounts for this upsurge in unionization amongclerical workers? （第一句话以一个问句开始，用来解释第二段的现象）First, more women haveentered the work force in the past few years, and more of them plan to remainworking until retirement age. Consequently, they are probably more concerned than theirpredecessors were about jobsecurity and economic benefits. Also,the women’s movement hassucceeded in legitimizing the economic and political activism of women on theirown behalf, thereby producing a more positiveattitude toward unions. （thereby是因此的意思，用于说明结果的，由于women’s movement, 所以produce a more positiveattitude toward unions,第五题，细节题一定要对应到原文中去，不可以懒的！先把正确率提高上来，再去考虑速度。）The absence of any comparable increase in unionization among private-sector(私营部门) clericalworkers, however,identifies the primary catalyst(催化剂)—the structural change in the multi-occupationalpublic-sector unions themselves.（一个但是后面给出了造成整个公共体系的文员加入工会多，而私营部门少的催化剂是多职位化的公共体系自身的结构改变） Over the past twenty years, the occupational distribution in theseunions has been steadily shifting from predominantly blue-collar to predominantly white-collar. Because there are far more women inwhite-collar jobs, an increasein the proportion of female members has accompanied(伴随…什么同时发生) the occupationalshift and has alteredunion policy-making in favor of organizing women and addressing women’sissues.

3.     Theauthor’s claim that, since the mid-1970’s, a new strategy has emerged in the unionizationof public-sector clerical workers (line 23) would be strengthened if the author   问的是加强。又感觉自己整理的不好。找到了大神的解答，请借鉴：

http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-120292-1-1.html

引用：starist:

"用作逻辑题的想法来作：

原文逻辑：75年前的工会组织原则，导致了，当时工会吸引白领不力。同时，新的组织原则出现。。。（题目中省略了原文的意思——大量白领入会）。

所以后一种情况就是给出新的原因，新的结果。而E选项就是原来的原因在消失。可以判断出新的原因是才是新的结果。因此为加强。没有E的话，读者可以外对说旧的组织原则也在起正向作用。

A的排除很简单：白领的态度也影响入会。但是工会组织原则也影响入会。这两个原因并没有必然联系。没有E选项点到位。"

(A) described more fully the attitudes ofclerical workers toward labor unions

(B) compared the organizing strategiesemployed by private-sector unions with those of public-sector unions

(C) explained why politicians andadministrators sometimes oppose unionization of clerical workers

(D) indicated that the number of unionizedpublic-sector clerical workers was increasing even before the mid-1970’s（E）

(E) showed that the factors that favored unionization drives among theseworkers prior to 1975 have decreased in importance

4.     Accordingto the passage, in the period prior to 1975, each of the followingconsiderations helped determine whether a union would attempt to organize acertain group of clerical workers EXCEPT

(A) the number of clerical workers in thatgroup

(B) the number of women among the clericalworkers in that group

(C) whether the clerical workers in thatarea were concentrated in one workplace or scattered over several workplaces

(D) the degree to which the clericalworkers in that group were interested in unionization这个为什么不选择，是因为在后半部分，说了对于那些量少还不想的文员，就不纳入了。（B）

(E) whether all the other workers in thesame jurisdiction as that group of clerical workers were unionized

第一段加粗部分都可以对应的了的。

7.     Theauthor implies that if theincrease in the number of women in the work force and theimpact of the women’s movement were the maincauses of the rise in unionization of public-sector clerical workers,then

发现第7题自己整理的不好，请借鉴这里：觉得解释得非常棒：http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-650166-1-1.html

引自“joshurman”：

“首先，这道题的题干是虚拟的，可以从 If...were...看出。这道题的题干是和实际不符的，最后一段中解释了 upsurge 的原因，firstly increase in number, also, women's movement.... 但是这并不是所有的原因，后面作者又 Identified the main catalyst. 题目中的假设和实际情况是不符的，因为除了题干所给的两个原因外还有一个 Primary catalyst.  题干的意思是假如没有这个 primary catalyst 的话会有什么后果呢，从文章中可以看出，primary catalyst 的主要作用是解释了 为什么在 public-sector 的upsurge 没有在 private-sector 发生。所以，根据题目的假设可以退出，如果题干的假设成立没有primary catalyst的话 there would be an equivalent rise in unionization of private-sector clerical workers.”

(A) more women would hold administrativepositions in unions

(B) more women who hold political officeswould have positive attitudes toward labor unions

(C) there would be an equivalent rise inunionization of private-sector clerical workers

(D) unions would have shown more interestthan they have in organizing women（C）

(E) the increase in the number ofunionized public-sector clerical workers would have been greater than it hasbeen

8.     Theauthor suggests that it would be disadvantageous to a union if

suggests…是imply推断题。

可以考虑选择取非的方式：就是先找出来对union有利的做法。有如下几种：

Thefactors favoring unionization(联合) drives(驱使) seem to havebeen either the presence of large numbers of workers, as in New York City, to make it worththe effort, or theconcentration of small numbers in one or two locations, such as ahospital, to make it relatively easy. （这里给出了两个联合的因素：大量工人＋小数目的人聚集）

取非两个：少量工人＋小数目人不聚集或大多数人不聚集。所以选择a.

(A) many workersin the locality were not unionized

(B) the union contributed to politicalcampaigns

(C) the union included only public-sectorworkers

(D) the union included workers fromseveral jurisdictions（A）

(E) the union included members from only afew occupations

fangjinh

感谢分享！               

DeliciaAn

我现在看 我怎么觉得自己分析的有问题呢