|
Q7 to Q10:
The system of patentgranting,
which confers
temporary monopolies for
Line the exploitation of new tech-
(5) nologies, was originally
established as an incentive
to the pursuit of risky new
ideas. Yet studies of the
most patent-conscious
(10) business of all—the semiconductor
industry—suggest
that firms do not necessarily
become more innovative as
they increase their patenting
(15) activity. Ziedonis and Hall,
for example, found that
investment in research and
development (a reasonable
proxy for innovation) did
(20) not substantially increase
between 1982 and 1992,
the industry’s most feverish
period of patenting. Instead,
semiconductor firms simply
(25) squeezed more patents out
of existing research and
development expenditures.
Moreover, Ziedonis and
Hall found that as patenting
(30) activity at semiconductor
firms increased in the
7
1980’s, the consensus
among industry employees
was that the average quality
(35) of their firms’ patents
declined. Though patent
quality is a difficult notion
to measure, the number of
times a patent is cited in
(40) the technical literature is
a reasonable yardstick, and
citations per semiconductor
patent did decline during
the 1980’s. This decline in
(45) quality may be related to
changes in the way semiconductor
firms managed
their patenting process:
rather than patenting to win
(50) exclusive rights to a valuable
new technology, patents
were filed more for strategic
purposes, to be used as
bargaining chips to ward
(55) off infringement suites or
as a means to block
competitors’ products.
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Q9:
The passage makes which of the following claims about patent quality in the semiconductor industry?
A. It was higher in the early 1980's than it was a decade later.
B. It is largerly independent of the number of patents granted.
C. It changed between 1982 and 1992 in ways that were linked to changes in
research and development expenditures.
D. It is not adequately in the industry's technical literature.
E. It was measured by inappropriate means during the period from 1982 to 1992.
不好意思，刚刚发现一个比较钻牛角尖的问题：A为什么是对的？？？80’下降的，但是90‘开始还是可以上升啊。。。所以为什么能够知道十年以后要低一些？
发现没讲清楚：比如82年应该也算是early 1980's吧，凭什么说它比92年高呢？  谢谢。。。 | 
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发表于 2004-11-17 15:53:00
