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Q6 to Q9: For many years, theoretical economists characterized humans as rational beings relentlessly bent Line on maximizing purely selfish reward.很多年来，理论经济学家都将人类定义为理性的动物无情的倾向为个人利益最大化。 (5) Results of an experimental economics study appear to contradict this view, however. In the “Ultimatum Game,”然而一个实践的经济研究所表现出来的正与这个观点相反。 two subjects, who cannot exchange information, are placed in separate (10) rooms. One is randomly chosen to在最后通谍游戏中，两个研究对象，他们之间不可交换信息，被放置于独立的屋子中。 propose how a sum of money, known to both, should be shared between them; only one offer, which must be accepted or rejected without (15) negotiation, is allowed.一个被随机的选作去处置如何将一定数量的前在他们中间分配，而只有这一个人去提供，另外一个人必须选择接受或拒绝，而不被允许进行商议。 If, in fact, people are selfish and rational, then the proposer should offer the smallest possible share, while the responder should accept any offer, (20) no matter how small: after all, even one dollar is better than nothing. In如果，事实上，人类是自私并理性的话，那么分配者应该提供最少的部分给回应者，而回应者应该接受任何的分配不论多么的少，毕竟甚至是一美元也比没有要来的好。 numerous trials, however, two-thirds of the offers made were between 40 and 50 percent; only 4 percent (25) were less than 20 percent. Among responders, more than half who were offered less than 20 percent rejected the offer. Behavior in the game did not在大多数的试验中，然而三分之二的分配者在40％到50％之间进行分配。在回应者中，超过一半的得到少于20％的人拒绝了所给予的分配。 appreciably depend on the players’ (30) sex, age, or education. Nor did the在游戏中的行为并不依赖于游戏者的性别年龄或者是受教育程度。 amount of money involved play a significant role: for instance, in trials of the game that were conducted in Indonesia, the sum to be shared was (35) as much as three times the subjects’ average monthly income, and still responders refused offers that they deemed too small.同时也不依赖于，在游戏中所涉及到的发挥重要作用的钱的数量：举例，在i举行的游戏的试验，数量大约是研究对象的月平均工资的三倍，依然有回应者拒绝分配他们认为数量太少。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q7: The passage implies that the results of the Ultimatum Game undermine theoretical economists’ characterization of human beings by - demonstrating that most people are inclined to try to maximize their own advantage whenever possible
- indicating that people who do not have the option of negotiating might behave more generously than do those who have the option of negotiating
- illustrating how people’s economic behavior depends to some extent on how large a sum of money is involved
- showing that most people instinctively place their own economic self-interest ahead of the interest of strangers
- suggesting that people’s economic behavior might in part be motivated by factors other than selfishness
Answer: b 难道a就仅仅错在whenever么，我觉得对于反映研究手段还是很完美的～～～～
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发表于 2005-9-27 21:29:00
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