GWD-TN-6 Q7 - Q10

gkast

本月狗里也有。有一道问题不明白:

The passage makes which of the following claims about patent quality in the semiconductor industry?

A. It was higher in the early 1980's than it was a decade later.
E. It was measured by inappropriate means during the period from 1982 to 1992.

就这两个选项搞不清。其中一个整理说A，可是A怎么想都不对。原文:
... found that as patenting activity at semiconductor firms increased in the 1980's, the consensus among industry employees was that the average quality of their firms' patents declined.

请NN解答，谢谢!

angela7258

本月狗里也有。有一道问题不明白:

The passage makes which of the following claims about patent quality in the semiconductor industry?

A. It was higher in the early 1980's than it was a decade later.
E. It was measured by inappropriate means during the period from 1982 to 1992.

就这两个选项搞不清。其中一个整理说A，可是A怎么想都不对。原文:
... found that as patenting activity at semiconductor firms increased in the 1980's, the consensus among industry employees was that the average quality of their firms' patents declined.

请NN解答，谢谢!

-- by 会员 gkast (2010/11/9 3:21:24)

GWD-8-Q9:

The passage makes which of the following claims about patent quality in the semiconductor industry?



A. It was higher in the early 1980’s than it was a decade later.
文中说patent quality在1980年代开始下降，取非即是答案
B. It is largely independent of the number of patents granted.无关

C. It changed between 1982 and 1992 in ways that were linked to changes in research and development expenditures.
无
D. It is not adequately discussed in the industry’s technical literature.无关

E. It was measured by inappropriate means during the period from 1982 to 1992.

GWD的答案中给是A, 我开始认为是E, 根据原文“This decline in quality may be related to changes in the way semiconductor firms managed their patenting process“ ， 所以作者"claim" 断言...,但是，E选项说inappropriate means, 不恰当的的方法。原文只是说方法的改变，而没有说“不恰当”。所以只能选A.

欢迎指正！

angela7258

在一个问题，把文章也贴过来：

The system of patent-granting, which confers temporary monopolies for the exploitation of new technologies, was originally established as an incentive to the pursuit of risky new ideas. Yet studies of the most patent-conscious business of all—the semiconductor industries—suggest that firms do not necessarily become more innovative as they increase their patenting activity. Ziedonis and Hall, for example, found that investment in research and development (a reasonable proxy for innovation) did not substantially increase between 1982 and 1992, the industry’s most feverish period of patenting. Instead, semiconductor firms simply squeezed more patents out of existing research and development expenditures. Moreover, Ziedonis and Hall found that as patenting activity at semiconductor firms increased in the 1980’s, the consensus among industry employees was that the average quality of their firms’ patents declined. Though patent quality is a difficult notion to measure, the number of times a patent is cited in the technical literature is a reasonable yardstick, and citations per semiconductor patent did decline during the 1980’s. This decline in quality may be related to changes in the way semiconductor firms managed their patenting process: rather than patenting to win exclusive rights to a valuable new technology, patents were filed more for strategic purposes, to be used as bargaining chips to ward off infringement suites or as a means to block competitors’ products.

The system of patent-granting, which confers temporary monopolies for the exploitation of new technologies, was originally established as an incentive to the pursuit of risky new ideas. Yet studies of the most patent-conscious business of all—the semiconductor industries—suggest that firms do not necessarily become more innovative as they increase their patenting activity. Ziedonis and Hall, for example, found that investment in research and development (a reasonable proxy for innovation) did not substantially increase between 1982 and 1992, the industry’s most feverish period of patenting. Instead, semiconductor firms simply squeezed more patents out of existing research and development expenditures. Moreover, Ziedonis and Hall found that as patenting activity at semiconductor firms increased in the 1980’s, the consensus among industry employees was that the average quality of their firms’ patents declined. Though patent quality is a difficult notion to measure, the number of times a patent is cited in the technical literature is a reasonable yardstick, and citations per semiconductor patent did decline during the 1980’s. This decline in quality may be related to changes in the way semiconductor firms managed their patenting process: rather than patenting to win exclusive rights to a valuable new technology, patents were filed more for strategic purposes, to be used as bargaining chips to ward off infringement suites or as a means to block competitors’ products.

GWD-8-Q7 :
The passage is primarily concerned with discussing
A.    a study suggesting that the semiconductor industry’s approach to patenting during the period from 1982 to 1992 yielded unanticipated results
B.    a study of the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992 that advocates certain changes in the industry’s management of the patenting process
C.    the connection between patenting and innovation in the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992
D.    reasons that investment in research and development in the semiconductor industry did not increase significantly during the period from 1982 to 1992
E.    certain factors that made the period from 1982 to 1992 a time of intense patenting activity in the semiconductor industry
--------------------------------------------------------------------

到底是A 选项还是C选项？

cathyghy

Main idea那题 PREP选C.
又仔细看了看，应该是C。
因为提到A&H的研究只是“yet many studies” 中的一个，而且结束对study的描述之后又有很大篇幅分析为什么patent qualities下降。

ayoyoyo

angela7258 发表于 2010-11-17 13:56
在一个问题，把文章也贴过来：The system of patent-granting, which confers temporary monopolies for th ...

答案A是对的，从两方面来说：
1. 全文核心在说这个study，主旨句无疑是：Yet studies of the most patent-conscious business of all—the semiconductor industries—suggest that firms do not necessarily become more innovative as they increase their patenting activity. 这句话显然是对应A的
2. 从全文结构来看，文章提出一个study来反对既有结论，然后说了两点：innovation did not increase 和 quality declined。这都是于A对应的。

供参考。