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The settlementof the United Stateshas occupied(occupy: to engage the attention or energies of) traditionalhistorians since 1893 when Frederick Jackson Turner developed his Frontier Thesis, a thesis that explainedAmerican development in terms of westward expansion. From the perspective ofwomen’s history, Turner’s exclusively masculine assumptions constitute a majordrawback: his defenders and critics alike have reconstructed men’s, notwomen’s, lives on the frontier. However, precisely because of this masculineorientation, revising the Frontier Thesisby focusing on women’s experience introduces new themes into women’shistory—woman as lawmaker and entrepreneur—and, consequently, newinterpretations of women’s relationship to capital, labor, and statute. Turner claimed that the frontierproduced the individualism that is the hallmark of American culture, and thatthis individualism in turn promoted democratic institutions and economicequality. He argued for the frontier as an agent of social change. Most novelists and historians writing in the early tomidtwentieth century who considered women in the West, when they consideredwomen at all, fell under Turner’s spell (a strong compelling influenceor attraction). In their works these authors tended to glorifywomen’s contributions to frontier life. Western women, in Turnerian tradition,were a fiercely independent, capable, and durable lot (a number of associated persons: SET),free from (freefrom: adv.没有...的) the constraints bindingtheir eastern sisters. This interpretation implied that the West provided acongenial environment where women could aspire to their own goals, free fromconstrictive stereotypes and sexist (sexist: n.男性至上主义者) attitudes. In Turnerian terminology, the frontier had furnished “agate of escape from the bondage of the past.” By the middle of the twentieth century, the Frontier Thesis fellinto (fall into: v.落入, 陷于(混乱,错误等))disfavor among historians. Later, Reactionist writers took the view thatfrontier women were lonely, displaced persons in a hostile milieu thatintensified the worst aspects of gender relations. The renaissance of thefeminist movement during the 1970’sled to the Stasist school, which sidestepped the good bad dichotomy and arguedthat frontier women lived lives similar to the live of women in the East. Inone now-standard text, Faragher demonstrated the persistence of the“cult of true womanhood” and the illusionary quality of change on the westwardjourney. Recently the Stasist position has been revised but not entirelydiscounted by new research.
2. Which of the following can be inferred aboutthe novelists and historians mentioned in lines 19-20?(A) They misunderstood the powerfulinfluence of constrictive stereotypes on women in the East. (B) They assumed that the frontier had offered more opportunities towomen than had the East. (C) Theyincluded accurate information about women’s experiences on the frontier. (D) They underestimated theendurance and fortitude of frontier women.（B） (E) They agreed with some of Turner’s assumptionsabout frontier women, but disagreed with other assumptions that he made.
6. Which of the following best describes theorganization of the passage? (A) A current interpretation of aphenomenon is described and then ways in which it was developed are discussed. (B) Three theories are presentedand then a new hypothesis that discounts those theories is described. (C) An important theory and its effects are discussed and then ways inwhich it has been revised are described. (D) Acontroversial theory is discussed and then viewpoints both for and against itare described.（C） (E) A phenomenon is described and then theoriesconcerning its correctness are discussed.
7. Which of the following is true of the Stasist School as it is described in thepassage? (A) It provides new interpretationsof women’s relationship to work and the law. (B) Itresolves some of the ambiguities inherent in Turnerian and Reactionist thought. (C) It has recently been discountedby new research gathered on women’s experience. (D) It avoids extreme positions taken by other writers on women’shistory.（D） (E) It was the first school of thought to suggestsubstantial revisions to the FrontierThesis.
正确答案已用黄色标记
大家给看看这三个题，第一个题我做的时候就实在没找到依据。第二个我没看出C和D之间为什么D是错的C是对的，第三个我认为对应词dichotomy应该是ambiguty，但D似乎也是有道理的，只是这个other writers哪里做的比较，实在费解。
谢谢
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发表于 2014-10-5 11:16:09
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