向逻辑高手请教，自己逻辑很差，万分感谢

我总是在2个选项中徘徊，最后总选错误的那个， 请高人指点 ，真诚请教一些技巧

Contrary to the charges made by some of its opponents, the provisions of the new deficit-reduction law for indiscriminate cuts in the federal budget are justified. Opponents should remember that the New Deal pulled this country out of great economic troubles even though some of its programs were later found to be unconstitutional.

The author’s method of attacking the charges of certain opponents of the new deficit-reduction law is to

1.       attack the character of the opponents rather than their claim.

2.       Imply an analogy between the law and some New Deal programs

3.       Point out that the opponents’ claims imply a dilemma

4.       Show that the opponents’ reasoning leads to an absurd conclusion.

5.       Show that the New Deal also called for indiscriminate cuts in the federal budget.

这道题不是很明白

The opponents could effectively defend their position against the author’s strategy by pointing out that

1.       The expertise of those opposing the law is outstanding

2.       The lack of justification for the new law does not imply that those who drew it up were either inept or immoral.

3.       The practical application of the new law will not entail indiscriminate budget cuts.

4.       Economic troubles present at the time of the New Deal were equal in severity to those that have led to the present law.

5.       The fact that certain flawed programs or laws have improved the economy does not prove that every such program can do so.

这道也是不明白

Stronger patent laws are needed to protect inventions from being pirated. With that protection, manufacturers would be encouraged to invest in the development of new products and technologies. Such investment frequently results in an increase in a manufacturer’s productivity.

Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn from the information above?

1.       stronger patent laws tend to benefit financial institutions as well as manufacturers.

2.       In creased productivity in manufacturing is likely to be accompanied by the creation of more manufacturing jobs.

3.       Manufacturers will decrease investment in the development of new products and technologies unless there are stronger patent laws.

4.       The weakness of current patent laws has been a cause of economic recession.

5.       Stronger patent laws would stimulate improvements in productivity for many manufacturers.

在3，5中犹豫，最后选错了

Some observers have concluded that the rise in the price of pepper means that the switch by some growers from pepper to cocoa left those growers no better off than if none of them had switched, this conclusion, however, is unwarranted because it can be inferred to be likely that

1.       Those growers could not have foreseen how high the price of pepper would go

2.       The initial cost involved in switching from pepper to cocoa is substantial

3.       Supplies of pepper would not be as low as they are if those growers had not switched crops

4.       Cocoa crops are as susceptible to being reduced by bad weather as are pepper crops

5.       As more growers turn to growing cocoa, cocoa supplies will increase and the price of cocoa will fall precipitously.

在4，3中犹豫

Federal agricultural programs aimed at benefiting one group whose livelihood depends on farming often end up harming another such groups.

Which of the following statements provides support for the claim above?

a.       An effort to help feed-grain producers resulted in higher prices decreased the profits of livestock producers.

b.       In order to reduce crop surpluses and increase prices, growers of certain crops were paid to leave a portion of their land idle, but the reduction was not achieved because improvements in efficiency resulted in higher production on the land in use.

c.       Many farm workers were put out of work when a program meant to raise the price of grain provided grain growers with an incentive to reduce production by giving them surplus grain from government reserves.

1.       A, not B and not C

2.       B , not A and not C

3.       A and C, not B

4.       B and C,not A

5.       A ,B and C

 主要是第3个

Technological education is worsening, people between eighteen and twenty-four, who are just emerging from their formal education, are more likely to be technologically illiterate than somewhat older adults. And yet, issues for public referenda will increasingly involve aspects of technology.

Which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn from the statements above?

1.       If all young people are to make informed decisions on public referenda, many of them must learn more about technology.

2.       Thorough studies of technological issues and innovations should be made a required part of the public and private school curriculum.

3.       It should be suggested that prospective voters attend applied science courses in order to acquire a minimal competency in technical matters.

4.       If young people are not to be overly influenced by famous technocrats, they must increase their knowledge of pure science.

5.       On public referenda issues, young people tend to confuse real or probable technologies with impossible ideals.

这道题不太明白

There are far fewer children available for adoption than there are people who want to adopt. Two million couples are currently waiting to adopt, but in 1982, the last year for which figures exist, there were only some 50000 adoptions.

Which of the following statements, if true, most strengthens the author’s claim that there are far fewer children available for adoption than there are people who want to adopt?

1.       The number of couples waiting to adopt has increased significantly in the last decade.

2.       The number of adoptions in the current year is greater than the number of adoptions in any preceding year.

3.       The number of adoptions in a year is approximately equal to the number of children available for adoption in that period.

4.       People who seek to adopt children often go through a long process of interviews and investigation by adoption agencies.

5.       People who seek to adopt children generally make very good parents.

在2，3中犹豫

The city’s public transportation system should be removed from the jurisdiction of the municipal government, which find it politically impossible either to raise fares or to institute cost-saving reductions in service. If public transportation were handled by a private firm, profits would be vigorously pursued, thereby eliminating the necessity for covering operating costs with government funds.

The statements above best support the conclusion that

1.       The private firms that would handle public transportation would have experience in the transportation industry.

2.       Political considerations would not prevent private firms from ensuring that revenues cover operating costs.

3.       Private firms would receive government funding if it were needed to cover operating costs.

4.       The public would approve the cost-cutting actions taken by the private firm.

5.       The municipal government would not be resigned to accumulating merely enough income to cover cost.

这道题不明白

Lawmaker: Raising taxes is not the only means of reducing government debt. The government ‘s stockpile of helium is worth 25 percent more, at current market prices, than the debt accumulated in acquiring and storing it. Therefore, by selling the helium, the government can not only pay off that debt but reduce its overall debt as well

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

a.       The government has no current need for helium.

b.       Twenty-five percent of the debt the government has accumulated in stockpiling helium is not an insignificant portion of the government’s total debt.

c.       It is not in the lawmaker’s interest to advocate raising txes as a Means of reducing government debt.

d.       Attempts to sell the government’s helium will not depress the market price of helium by more than 25 percent.

e.       The government will not incur any costs in closing its facilities for stockpiling helium.

在,d,e中犹豫