【求助GWD TN24几道题~】

37：核心问题是抽烟导致depression，那么就想除了吸烟还有什么会导致最后depression，自然就是participants开始时必须要保证大家的depress条件都一样才行；C的话是无关的吧，我知道你的意思是排除遗传因素，对于烟的作用没有正面加强。

40：A假设了一种情况，或者排除这样一种可能性：以前一直种staple crops，这两个一来就stop了，导致我们现在没有发现，还误以为rice和yams是最早的。排除以后，就说明rice和yams之前没有种过staple crops了。  




好久都没来看过逻辑了，能力已经退化的相当厉害了。。。。。。。。。。。

GWD-9-Q37:
Researchers took a group of teenagers who had never smoked and for one year tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. Those who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were four times as likely to be depressed at the study’s end than those who did not begin smoking. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

A.    articipants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed.
B.    articipants who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were no more likely than those who began midway through to have quit smoking by the study’s end.
C.    Few, if any, of the participants in the study were friends or relatives of other participants.
D.    Some participants entered and emerged from a period of depression within the year of the study.
E.     The researchers did not track use of alcohol by the teenagers.

答案是A，不太明白A的推理，我选的C，理由是排除了其他因素的影响~~
这是逻辑题里比较常见的一种推理，就是如果A(抽烟)比较容易伴随B现象(压抑)，并不能证明A导致B，而是有可能是具有B现象的人(压抑的人)更容易产生A(抽烟)。

GWD-9-Q38:
In January of last year the Moviemania chain of movie theaters started propping its popcorn in canola oil, instead of the less healthful coconut oil that it had been using until then. Now Moviemania is planning to switch back, saying that the change has hurt popcorn sales. That claim is false, however, since according to Moviemania’s own sales figures, Moviemania sold 5 percent more popcorn last year than in the previous year.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument against Moviemania’s claim?

A.    Total sales of all refreshments at Moviemania’s movie theaters increased by less than 5 percent last year.
B.    Moviemania makes more money on food and beverages sold at its theaters than it does on sales of movie tickets.
C.    Moviemania’s customers prefer the taste of popcorn popped in coconut oil to that of popcorn popped in canola oil.
D.    Total attendance at Moviemania’s movie theaters was more than 20 percent higher last year than the year before.
E.     The year before last, Moviemania experienced a 10 percent increase in popcorn sales over the previous year.

答案是A，通过比较其他小吃的销售额怎么能加强原文的argument呢？
这也是经典题型。就是某一件事件的变化趋势是由于个别原因导致的，而非所处的总体环境改变。如果电影院的零食销售额增长了10%，而同期爆米花只增长了5%，那么可能是爆米花自身的某些原因导致了其销售增长率低于总体环境。如果电影院的零食销售额没有增长或者下降了，而同期爆米花只增长了5%，那么可能是爆米花自身的某些原因导致了其销售增长率高于总体环境。如果电影院的零食销售额增长了5%，而同期爆米花也增长了5%，可能并不是爆米花自身更吸引人，而是电影院的客人普遍的提高了零食消费。


GWD-9-Q40:
Agricultural societies cannot exist without staple crops. Several food plants, such as kola and okra, are known to have been domesticated in western Africa, but they are all supplemental, not staple, foods. All the recorded staple crops grown in western Africa were introduced from elsewhere, beginning, at some unknown date, with rice and yams. Therefore, discovering when rice and yams were introduced into western Africa would establish the earliest date at which agricultural societies could have arisen there.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.    eople in western Africa did not develop staple crops that they stopped cultivating once rice and yams were introduced.
B.    There are no plants native to western Africa that, if domesticated, could serve as staple food crops.
C.    Rice and yams were grown as staple crops by the earliest agricultural societies outside of western Africa.
D.    Kola and okra are better suited to growing conditions in western Africa than domesticated rice and yams are.
E.     Kola and okra were domesticated in western Africa before rice and yams were introduced there.

答案是A，我选的是B，因为B排除了其他可能性，保证了只有rice and yams能够提供最早的日期，那A 是什么意思呢？为什么B不正确？谢谢大家帮帮忙！~~
由于时间匆忙所以只能发在一个帖子里，不好意思了，大家帮帮忙！~~谢谢了~~~~

40：A假设了一种情况，或者排除这样一种可能性：以前一直种staple crops，这两个一来就stop了，导致我们现在没有发现，还误以为rice和yams是最早的。排除以后，就说明rice和yams之前没有种过staple crops了。  

好久都没来看过逻辑了，能力已经退化的相当厉害了。。。。。。。。。。。