哪位大牛能教我下语法破折号的用法

天门圆木 · 发表于 2012-4-26 07:29:17

小弟27号考试，最好能给点例子的那种，求帮忙

泾渭不凡 · 发表于 2012-4-26 09:37:24

182.The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign—using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.

A.using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced

B.using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convinced

C.by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing

D.by the use of Web sites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings—that convinced(B)

E.which used Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing

题目释义：The industry has organized a …campaign—using …—that has convinced … to

考点：1.破折号在GMAT里的用法：用于插入语，解释说明（代替冒号或分号），话语/语义的中断和转折，反讽。

2.As well as不等同于and，不表示并列关系，而是侧重其前面的部分，后面部分处于从属地位。

3.that引导限定性定语从句，in convincing(in doing sth.)是状语。

4.campaign的固定搭配：正确形式为campaign for/against。

选项分析：A.and also在列举的时候多余，不过在also有时候是作为强调而且不用在列举中不一定多余（and also还有一种情况下是redundant的：both X and also Y）；have应该改为has

B.Correct；原句含义为：组织了一个成功的草根运动--其中用到了网站、公共集会、广发邮件--该草根运动……

C.By using逻辑含义上不等于using，其表达的是因为通过那三个方式草根运动才是成功的，这个含义不对；in convincing不做定语而是状语，修饰的是前面分句及前面整个分句的动作organized，表达organize是convincing中的一个动作，改变原句合理逻辑含义。

D.By using错误同C；and不可以换为as well as，as well as只是一个修饰语，其使mass mailings与前两项的并列关系改变为从属结构，而且并没有A, B, as well as C的结构；the use of表达wordy；用了convinced一般过去时表示convinced发生在has organized之前，逻辑含义不合理。

E.Which used时态错误，其使得web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings的使用是发生在运动之前，逻辑含义矛盾；in convincing不做定语而是目的状语，改变原句合理逻辑含义。

泾渭不凡 · 发表于 2012-4-26 09:38:24

218.(GWD7-Q4)Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—less than those killed by bee stings.

A.movies—less than those

B.movies—fewer than have been

C.movies, which is less than those

D.movies, a number lower than the people(B)

E.movies, fewer than the ones

题目释义：Only seven people this century have been killed by … --- fewer than have been killed…

考点：比较（comparison）习惯用法（idiom）

1.比较双方对等。

2.people作为人民讲的时候是复数名词，所以用few不用little。

3.破折号在本题中有反讽或表达意外的含义：被蜜蜂蛰死的人比被专门吃人的白鲨吃掉的人还多。破折号其他用法见prep 1-182

4.as,than可以做比较从句的主语(见prep 1-202)

选项分析：A.less错误。those指代people，比较对象没有问题，但是比较结构上却不平行，前面用的是主谓结构，people是主语，been killed是谓语，后面虽然比较词people正确，可却没有用谓语的形式

B.correct；than可以即做连词又做代词，即than作为比较连词的同时指代了people(见prep 1-202)；另外破折号的使用是适合的；本题用fewer than those也没有问题，具体见补充说明。

C.which可以跳过插入语指代没问题；less错误；those使得比较结构不平行

D.a number同位语与其所修饰对象seven people太远；不能跟people相比较

E.ones不能指代people（Manhattan），即使能够指代，比较结构也不平行

补充说明：1. 一道类似却不一样的题 -à未完稿：

OG10-19. In addition to having more protein than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.

(A)the protein in rice is higher quality than that in

(B)rice has protein of higher quality than that in

(C)the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in

(D)rice protein is higher in quality than it is in

(E)rice has a protein higher in quality than

In this sentence, the initial clause modifies the nearest noun, identifying it as the thing being compared with wheat. By making protein the noun modified, choices A, C, and D illogically compare wheat with protein(是指In addition to having more protein than wheat does这个从句里面) and claim that the protein in rice has more protein than wheat does. In C and D, the comparative structure higher in quality than it is in wheat absurdly suggests that rice protein contains wheat. B, the best choice, logically compares wheat to rice by placing the noun rice immediately after the initial clause. B also uses that to refer to protein in making the comparison between the proteins of rice and wheat. Choice E needs either that in or does after wheat to make a complete and logical comparison.

从E可以看出，用than that in wheat或than does wheat都可以，但这并不能说明在其他的比较结构中也能用that in，而不是用主谓(宾)结构来与than前面的结构平行。在这个句子里：Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.后面的比较成分是不可以改为less than those killed by bee stings的。具体原因如下：

在rice has a protein higher in quality than that in wheat这个句子里，比较对象是protein和that（that指代的也是protein），比较的仅仅是protein（rice has不在比较成分之内，比较的是protein的属性），所以允许平行。而在Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中，不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。

再比如这个句子(GWD-29-24)：According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than (that of) livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health. 这个句子不对。其在livestock前加上that of…比较的对象是animals has less fat和that，that指代fat，而事实上比较的应该是wild animals和livestock的属性，即拥有fat的多少，所以than后面也应该用平行的句式，即主谓宾形式。正确句子为：According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health.。要注意的一点：在此省略了相同的谓语和宾语（因为不会有wild animals have livestock的歧义，只要逻辑上基本成立，GMAT并不认为所有没有补出谓语动词的形式都是”ambiguities”的）。（原句不对的另外一个证据： more of a kind of fat 后面省略了(than…)，而省略的部分应该和less total fat than后面的词句是一致的，这样才能省略?逻辑上看省略的必须是livestock，而不能是that of livestock，因此less total fat than后面跟的也应该是livestock。）

泾渭不凡 · 发表于 2012-4-26 09:40:45

密码是: liqingzhao <----文件前面括号里面有提示的。

泾渭不凡 · 发表于 2012-4-26 09:42:55

- -...其他的文件...考完就删咯..囧...LZ我只能做这么多咯现在...加油~

Taylor小熊 · 发表于 2012-4-26 09:44:29

jj区原来有个破折号的贴子的、你找找

天门圆木 · 发表于 2012-4-26 10:29:14

- -...其他的文件...考完就删咯..囧...LZ我只能做这么多咯现在...加油~

-- by 会员泾渭不凡 (2012/4/26 9:42:55)

谢谢啦

天门圆木 · 发表于 2012-4-26 10:45:38

jj区原来有个破折号的贴子的、你找找

-- by 会员 Taylor小熊 (2012/4/26 9:44:29)

找不到额

pigman007 · 发表于 2012-4-26 10:47:36

是这个吧 http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_Math/thread-646113-1-1.html?SearchText=破折号用法

给你了哦

以后可以用搜索功能搜帖子

天门圆木 · 发表于 2012-4-26 11:00:00

谢谢啊

哪位大牛能教我下语法破折号的用法

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